Cephalosporin hypersensitivity: descriptive analysis, cross-reactivity and risk factors

In 2019, the area of the European Union (EU) affected by African swine fever (ASF) expanded progressively in a southwestern direction from Baltic and eastern countries. The disease can severely affect and disrupt regional and international trade of pigs and pork products with serious socioeconomic damages to the pig industry. Lombardy is one of the most important European pig producers and the introduction of ASF into the pig population could adversely affect the entire sector. A study was carried out to identify the farms and territories in the region most at risk of ASF introduction to plan preventive measures. The pig holdings were identified through a descriptive analysis of pig movements and Social Network Analysis (SNA), while, for the identification of the most exposed municipalities, an assessment of risk factors was carried out using the ranking of summed scores attributed to the Z-score. From the analysis, it was found that 109 municipalities and 297 pig holdings of the region were potentially more at risk, and these holdings were selected for target surveillance. This information was provided to veterinary authority to target surveillance in pig farms, in order to early detect a possible incursion of ASF and prevent its spread.

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Risk Factors Associated with Breast Cancer

10.52916/otr204002 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Victor Manuel Vargas-Hernandez

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Familial Risk ◽

Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Graphical Analysis ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Reproductive Life ◽

Age Range

Background: It is reported that genetic and hereditary-familial risk factors for breast cancer contribute 5% and the majority are related to the reproductive life of women. Objective: it has the purpose of determining if the factors considered as risk factors are associated with breast cancer in a group of Mexican women. Material and Methods: A retrospective, observational and descriptive study was carried out in 162 women with breast cancer for 3 years (2002-2004) at the Hospital Juárez de México to determine if the usual risk factors are related to breast cancer. The descriptive analysis included localization and dispersion measures, as well as a graphical analysis using bar diagrams. Results: In the sample of 162 women with breast cancer, the age range at the time of breast cancer diagnosis was from 27 to 78 years (mean of 47.60, standard deviation of 13.09); early menarche only appeared in 12.3% (n=20). The mean age of the first pregnancy was 22 years and of menopause at 51 years of age; 72.2% lactated (n=117) and 45.1% did so for more than 6 months (n=73); the menstrual pattern disorder appeared in 22.8% of cases (n=37); Menopausal hormone therapy was previously used in 19.8% (n=32). The hereditary-family history of breast cancer appeared in 14.2% of the cases (n=23). It seems to be correlated with the fact that in patients with nulliparity, alcoholism and the absence of breastfeeding, breast cancer occurs at an early age (< 45 years) and the risk factor that is related to breast cancer is overweight and obesity with 54.26% and 17.11% respectively (average of 28.00, standard deviation of 3.032). Conclusion: no correlation was found between risk factors considered common for breast cancer; only overweight and obesity were related to its development, further research is required to confirm whether this correlation occurs in other countries.

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Abstract 376: Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Cardiovascular Risks Multi-disciplinary Awareness Project

Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes ◽

10.1161/hcq.13.suppl_1.376 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Venkata Sai Gogineni ◽

Ki Park ◽

Denise Manfrini ◽

Robert Egerman ◽

Sharon Aroda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Cardiovascular Risks ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Adverse Pregnancy ◽

Traditional Risk Factors

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the number one cause of death amongst women. There has been much effort put forth over the past decade in reducing both the incidence and prevalence of this disease burden through screening and treating the traditional risk factors. Recent guidelines have shown that adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs), including pre-eclampsia (PEC), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pre-term birth (PTB) have been associated with future maternal CVD risk. Much of the current literature focuses almost exclusively on PEC. Our investigation is more comprehensive, covering not only these other APOs but assessing whether providers of multiple specialties in our community are aware of the APO to CVD risk association. The primary objective of this study was to investigate if there exist any knowledge gaps regarding the progression from APO to CVD and if this knowledge varies by specialty. Methods: An anonymous voluntary survey through REDCap© was sent to providers in the fields of Internal medicine (IM, 21%), Family medicine (FM, 26%), Obstetrics-Gynecology (Ob-Gyn, 23%) and Cardiology (30%) who have been in practice for greater than five years in our local Gainesville community. This project was registered as a QI project and descriptive analysis was used to examine the responses. Results: A total of 53 providers responded to the survey. Despite having the majority of patients being women, Ob-Gyn was the least likely amongst all specialties to routinely screen for CV risk factors. However, when addressed, they were the most likely to ask about APOs. Cardiologists, despite declaring to be aware of the association between APOs and CV risk, were least likely to ask about APOs. All specialties recognized PEC and GDM as APOs linked to long-term maternal CV risk but failed to associate PTB as an APO. The majority of providers amongst IM, FM, and Cardiology did not ask about APOs and lacked the knowledge of how often to appropriately screen for secondary risk factors associated with APOs. Additionally, these providers outright admitted that they are not familiar with the current AHA and/or ACOG guidelines for screening and follow-up. Conclusion: Descriptive statistical analysis of our data suggests that there exists a notable knowledge gap between all four specialties investigated in our survey. Education concerning the link between APOs and future maternal CV risk is needed amongst all specialties, especially amongst the providers in Cardiology, IM, and FM. Targeted efforts at our institution to improve awareness of all APOs, their associated secondary risk factors, and appropriate screening is required in all specialties to help reduce CVD morbidity and mortality.

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A clinical study of trends of ectopic pregnancy and its management in a tertiary care hospital

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20195330 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 4834

Author(s):

Chandana M. Puttaraju ◽

Nagothi Nagendra Prasad ◽

M. P. A. Sailakshmi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Ectopic Pregnancy ◽

Sex Education ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Care Teaching ◽

Β Hcg ◽

Ectopic Pregnancies

Background: Ectopic gestation is a gynaecological emergency which culminates in pregnancy loss and causes significant maternal morbidity, mortality besides jeopardizing future conception. The study discusses the incidence, risk factors, symptomatology and management of ectopic pregnancy in a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: This was a prospective study of 45 cases of ectopic pregnancies at a tertiary care teaching hospital from January 2012 to December 2013. Information was collected in a structured proforma, tabulated and descriptive analysis was carried out.Results: The incidence of ectopic pregnancy was 1.17%. Majority of the patients (80%) belonged to 20-30 yrs age group. Second gravidas predominated (42.2%). Fallopian tube was the most common site (95.5%). Rudimentary horn ectopic accounted for 4.65%. Previous abdominopelvic surgery (31.1%), IUCD usage (22.2%), PID (20%), abortions (20%), tubectomy (15.5%) were the principal risk factors. 42% of the patients had no risk factor. The triad of amenorrhea, bleeding per vaginum and abdominal pain was seen in 51.1% of cases. Ultrasound, UPT, β-hCG estimation were the diagnostic tools. Ruptured ectopic pregnancy accounted for 64.4%. Nearly 95.5% of patients underwent surgery; salpingectomy (76%). Methotrexate was successful in 4.44%. There was no maternal mortality.Conclusions: Mostly diagnosis, prompt surgical or medical management is cornerstone of treatment. Primary prevention such as improved access to family planning services, sex education, treatment of STI, PID, surgical asepsis and haemostasis, implementing legislation for dispensing MTP drugs ameliorate risk factors and hence reduce ectopic pregnancy.

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Cephalosporins: A Focus on Side Chains and β-Lactam Cross-Reactivity

Pharmacy ◽

10.3390/pharmacy7030103 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 103 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Saira B. Chaudhry ◽

Michael P. Veve ◽

Jamie L. Wagner

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽

Clinical Utility ◽

Cross Reactivity ◽

Penicillin Allergy ◽

Side Chain ◽

Safety And Efficacy ◽

History Of

Cephalosporins are among the most commonly prescribed antibiotic classes due to their wide clinical utility and general tolerability, with approximately 1–3% of the population reporting a cephalosporin allergy. However, clinicians may avoid the use of cephalosporins in patients with reported penicillin allergies despite the low potential for cross-reactivity. The misdiagnosis of β-lactam allergies and misunderstanding of cross-reactivity among β-lactams, including within the cephalosporin class, often leads to use of broader spectrum antibiotics with poor safety and efficacy profiles and represents a serious obstacle for antimicrobial stewardship. Risk factors for cephalosporin allergies are broad and include female sex, advanced age, and a history of another antibiotic or penicillin allergy; however, cephalosporins are readily tolerated even among individuals with true immediate-type allergies to penicillins. Cephalosporin cross-reactivity potential is related to the structural R1 side chain, and clinicians should be cognizant of R1 side chain similarities when prescribing alternate β-lactams in allergic individuals or when new cephalosporins are brought to market. Clinicians should consider the low likelihood of true cephalosporin allergy when clinically indicated. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the role of cephalosporins in clinical practice, and to highlight the incidence of, risk factors for, and cross-reactivity of cephalosporins with other antibiotics.

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Risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia in trauma patients: A descriptive analysis

World Journal of Emergency Medicine ◽

10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2018.03.007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 203 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Suresh Kumar Arumugam ◽

Insolvisagan Mudali ◽

Gustav Strandvik ◽

Ayman El-Menyar ◽

Ammar Al-Hassani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Trauma Patients ◽

Ventilator Associated Pneumonia

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TRAUMA BY TRAFFIC ACCIDENT IN ELDERLY PEOPLE: RISK FACTORS AND CONSEQUENCES

Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0104-07072017004220015 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana Maria Ribeiro dos Santos ◽

Rosalina Aparecida Partezani Rodrigues ◽

Marina Aleixo Diniz

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Relative Risk ◽

Traffic Accident ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

School Level ◽

Elderly Individuals ◽

Emergency Hospital ◽

The Individual

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze cases of trauma caused by traffic accidents in elderly individuals assisted at a reference municipal emergency hospital in 2010 and 2011. Method: longitudinal retrospective study was developed at an emergency hospital and a Traffic Accidents Repression Station, with 524 elderly individuals. All variables were submitted for descriptive analysis. Risk of involvement in accidents, occurrence of injury and death were determined using relative risk. Results: a statistically significant association was found in accidents with injuries when motorcycles were the vehicle that ran over the individual. Associations were also found between men and the occurrence of accidents, injury and death, mainly among younger elderly individuals. Most of the 524 elderly individuals who suffered an accident were men, married and had elementary school level education. Of these, 78.6% presented with injuries, with the majority of them being pedestrians. Conclusion: among younger elderly individuals, the possibility of death as a result of the injury was 3.4 times higher in 2010.

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Profile of Risk Factors Associated with Stillbirth at Western Regional Hospital

Medical Journal of Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences ◽

10.3126/mjpahs.v1i1.22453 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rabi Prasad Regmi ◽

Shyam Sundar Parajuly ◽

Dela Singh ◽

Nabin Shrestha ◽

Srijana Sharma

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Economic Status ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Regional Hospital ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Amniotic Fluid Index ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Western Regional

Background: Stillbirth (SB) incidents are one of the most common adverse outcomes to occur during pregnancy. Studies indicate that approximately 3.3 million stillbirths are reported annually across the developing world. Institutional registration and under reporting of still birth to an authorized centre is a common problem. Objective: The objective of this study is to find out the incidence of SB after 28 weeks gestation and to find out the associated risk factors at Western Regional Hospital of Nepal. Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional study carried out at Western Regional Hospital. Stillbirth babies born after 28 weeks of gestation or birth weight ≥ 1 kilogram and their mothers were recruited for the study. Intrapartum stillbirths were included despite of their ages, races or socio-economic status. Descriptive analysis was done on the data. Results: There were 3380 deliveries during the period of study. Among them, 50 cases were stillborn babies with a rate of 14 per thousand deliveries. The major risk factors associated were oligohydramnios, decreased fetal movement, growth restriction, meconium stained liquor and cord prolapse. Conclusion: Oligohydramnios (amniotic fluid index < 5cm) was the most common risk factor for stillbirth. Early identification and appropriate perinatal management could help to promote perinatal health.

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Risk factors for surgical site infection in cardiac surgery

Acta Paulista de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/s0103-21002012000900014 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 25 (spe2) ◽

pp. 89-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Quenia Cristina Gonçalves da Silva ◽

Maria Helena Barbosa

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiac Surgery ◽

Surgical Site Infection ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Male Gender ◽

Site Infection ◽

Measures Of Association ◽

Historical Cohort ◽

The Social

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the occurrence of surgical site infection (SSI) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery in the period between July 2005, and July 2010. METHODS: A quantitative, historical cohort study that evaluated 384 patients in a public teaching hospital. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software was used for data analysis and for descriptive analysis, measures of association in contigency tables and logistic regression were used. RESULTS: It was found that 36 (9.4%) patients developed a SSI and that mortality occurred in 14 (38.9%). Staphylococcus aureus was the prevalent microorganism (12, 27.3%) In the multivariate analysis, the risk factors identified as predictors of SSI were male gender, intubation for more than 24 hours, and reintubation. CONCLUSION: The risk factors predictive of the occurence of SSI (p<0.05) were: male gender, reintubation, and intubation for more than 24 hours.

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Leprosy Reaction in Thai Population: A 20-Year Retrospective Study

Dermatology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2015/253154 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Poonkiat Suchonwanit ◽

Siripich Triamchaisri ◽

Sanchawan Wittayakornrerk ◽

Ploysyne Rattanakaemakorn

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Treatment Regimen ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽

Thai Population ◽

Leprosy Reactions ◽

Appropriate Treatment ◽

Leprosy Patients

Background. Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that presents with varying dermatological and neurological symptoms. The leprosy reactions occur over the chronic course of the disease and lead to extensive disability and morbidity.Objective. To analyze and identify the risk factors which contribute to leprosy reactions.Methods. In a retrospective study, we reviewed the medical records of leprosy patients registered at the leprosy clinic, Ramathibodi Hospital, Thailand, between March 1995 and April 2015. One hundred and eight patients were included; descriptive analysis was used for baseline characteristics and a binary logistic regression model was applied for identifying risk factors correlated with leprosy reactions.Results. Of the 108 cases analyzed, 51 were male and 57 were female. The mean age of presentation was 45 years. The borderline tuberculoid type was the most common clinical form. Leprosy reactions were documented in 61 cases (56.5%). The average time to reaction was 8.9 months. From multivariate analysis, risk factors for leprosy reactions were being female, positive bacillary index status, and MB treatment regimen.Conclusions. Leprosy reactions are common complications in leprosy patients. Being female, positive bacillary index status, and multibacillary treatment regimen are significantly associated with the reactions. Early detection in cases with risk factors followed by appropriate treatment could prevent the morbidity of leprosy patients.

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