scholarly journals Effect of feeding Actigen™ to sows during gestation and lactation and on piglet performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Taylor-Pickard ◽  
T. McArdle ◽  
S. Icely
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Specific Strain ◽  
Bioactive Fraction ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Outer Cell Wall

SummaryActigen™ is a second generation, unique bioactive fraction derived from the outer cell wall of a specific strain of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where it acts in the gut to bind pathogenic bacteria, preventing disease and competition for nutrients. In the current trial, 260 sows were used and fed either an unsupplemented control diet or one containing Actigen™ at 0.08% of the formulation during gestation, farrowing and lactation, to assess its impact on sow and piglet performance. Results showed significant increases in feed intake for sows fed Actigen™ pre-farrowing, but this was reversed during lactation, leading to a 7 kg saving in feed intake per animal. At birth, piglets weighed 42 g more in litters from Actigen™-fed sows compared to the control group. Weaning weight of the total litter from Actigen™ sows was significantly higher (P< 0.05) by 3.3 kg, although individual piglet weights were the same. Sows showed no significant loss in body weight during the trial, indicating that the improved piglet production was related to improved nutrient availability and perhaps Ig status of piglets due to the addition of Actigen™ in the diet.

Feed intake, growth rate and some anatomical characteristics of broilers fed commercial diets supplemented with green feeds

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Etela ◽  
G.A. Kalio ◽  
A. Monsi ◽  
E.V. Ezieshi
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Intestinal Length ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Broiler Diet

AbstractA study was conducted on the Teaching and Research Farm of the Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nigeria to evaluate the nutritional suitability of four treatments, namely a commercial type broiler diet as compared with the commercial diet supplemented with either fresh centrosema (Centrosema molle), pueraria (Pueraria phaseoloides), or waterleaf (Talinium triangulare) leaves. These diets were fed to 120 day-old chicks (Lohmann Brown) over a 62-day period with treatments arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD). Chemical composition of broiler basal diets differed significantly from the three green foliage supplements. Dry matter (DM) of leaf meals ranged from 97.8 to 227.0 g kg−1 which was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of broiler basal diets which averaged 900 g kg−1. Crude protein (CP) of leaf meals, however, ranged from 182.0 to 244.0 g kg−1 which was generally higher than basal diets (130–153 g kg−1). Similarly, crude fiber (CF) was highest for centrosema and pueraria leaves (330–342 g kg−1) and lowest in basal diets (164–222 g kg−1). However, ether extract (EE) and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) were significantly higher in broiler basal diets. Broiler daily and total feed intake over 62 days were similar between treatments and the control, averaging 112 g d−1, while diets containing waterleaf were slightly (2.5%) lower. Total and daily bodyweight (BW) gains (2110 g and 34 g d−1) were also similar between treatments and the control, except that gains where the broiler diet was supplemented with centrosema foliage were 2.9% higher. A higher feed conversion ratio (FCR) and lower protein efficiency ratio (PER) for the diet supplemented with pueraria indicates a higher feed efficiency and better protein efficiency in the commercial control diet. Carcass characteristics with the commercial control diet included greater (P<0.05) intestinal length and gizzard and spleen weights than with green foliage supplements. However, broiler carcass weight was generally lowest (P<0.05) in the control group (64.3 g/100 g BW) and highest in the waterleaf group (71.3 g/100 g BW). Small differences in carcass weight among the treatments tested reduces the effectiveness of green feeds for practical and economic intensive broiler production. However, increased effectiveness of green feed supplementation for broiler production might likely be observed where broilers are managed on fenced rangelands planted to selected green feeds or in integrated systems where other livestock (rabbits, sheep, goats, etc.) are jointly reared. These results support the recommendation that leaf meals of green feeds should be incorporated into broiler diets in future studies.

scholarly journals Performance of broiler fed on diet containing deoiled Koroch (Pongamia Pinnata) seed cake treated with NaOH and HCl

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-329
Author(s):  
Masuma Habib ◽  
Abu Jafur Md Ferdaus ◽  
Md Touhidul Islam ◽  
Begum Mansura Hassin ◽  
Md Shawkat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Pongamia Pinnata ◽  
Dietary Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Seed Cake

The study was conducted to investigate whether the productive performances and meat yield characteristics of broiler would be improved by feeding diet containing koroch (Pongamia Pinnata) seed cake (KSC) treated with NaOH and HCl. A total number of 160 day-old straight run broiler chicks were fed on 4 iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous diets containing either basal diet with no KSC or basal diet containing 2% KSC treated with or without 1% NaOH or 1% HCl for a period of 28 days. These diets were considered as 4 different treatments. Each treatment was replicated 4 times, each having 10 birds. Inclusion of 2% KSC treated with NaOH or HCl in the diet resulted in lower live weight, live weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency of broilers at all ages compared to inclusion of dietary 2% KSC alone (P<0.01). However, broilers, irrespective of age, fed on diet containing 2% KSC treated with 1% HCl exhibited better productive performances than those fed on 1% NaOH treated 2% KSC incorporated diet. The amount of feed intake of broilers on either KSC alone or HCl treated KSC was almost similar to that on control diet. The meat yield parameters showed a non-significant treatment effect except for the percentage of dressing yield, liver, gizzard, head and skin weight. Dressing percentage of broilers fed on HCl treated KSC at 2% level was significantly (P<0.05) lower compared to any other dietary treatment, whereas broilers in 2% KSC dietary group showed similar results to the control group. Percentage of head and skin weight relative to body weight were higher in treated (NaOH or HCl) KSC dietary group compared to either KSC alone or control group. However, the highest liver and gizzard weights were obtained from the broilers fed on diet containing 2% KSC treated with 1% HCl, followed by diet with 1% NaOH treated KSC, KSC alone diet and the control diet. The results of the present study clearly indicated that neither the 1% NaOH treated nor 1% HCl treated KSC alliviated the depressed productive performances and meat yield characteristics of broilers. It is concluded that the poor productive performances of broilers fed on KSC incorporated diet cannot be improved by treating KSC with either NaOH or HCl, and the oil extracted KSC may contain leftover oil which might have a potential toxic effect on growth and meat yield of broilers.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(2): 323-329, August 2016

scholarly journals Low Dosage of Chitosan Supplementation Improves Intestinal Permeability and Impairs Barrier Function in Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiping Guan ◽  
Hongbing Wang ◽  
Hanhui Peng ◽  
Guanya Li
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Food And Water Intake

The purpose of this study was to explore relationships between low dose dietary supplementation with chitosan (COS) and body weight, feed intake, intestinal barrier function, and permeability in mice. Twenty mice were randomly assigned to receive an unadulterated control diet (control group) or a dietary supplementation with 30 mg/kg dose of chitosan (COS group) for two weeks. Whilst no significant differences were found between the conditions for body weight or food and water intake, mice in the COS group had an increased serum D-lactate content (P<0.05) and a decreased jejunal diamine oxidase (DAO) activity (P<0.05). Furthermore, mice in COS group displayed a reduced expression of occludin and ZO-1 (P<0.05) and a reduced expression of occludin in the ileum (P<0.05). The conclusion drawn from these findings showed that although 30 mg/kg COS-supplemented diet had no effect on body weight or feed intake in mice, this dosage may compromise intestinal barrier function and permeability. This research will contribute to the guidance on COS supplements.

scholarly journals Imbalanced dietary intake alters the colonic microbial profile in growing rats

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253959
Author(s):  
Tae-Hwan Jung ◽  
Kyoung-Sik Han
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Colonic Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
The Impact

An imbalanced dietary intake is associated with alteration of intestinal ecosystem. We investigated the impact of imbalanced diets on colonic microbiota, concentrations of short chain fatty acid in colonic digesta and serum immunoglobulins (Igs) of growing rats. Compared to the control diet, consuming diets high in fat, sucrose, or processed meat, or low in iron, increased the abundance of the pathogenic bacteria such as Clostridium, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella species, and decreased the beneficial bacteria, like Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, Phascolarctobacterium, Alistipes, and butyrate producing species of bacteria in the colon of growing rats. The heatmap of metagenomics indicated that each group was separated into distinct clusters, and the ID group in particular, showed significantly (P < 0.01) reduced alpha diversity of colonic microbiota in comparison to the control group. All experimental groups showed significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) decreased concentration of acetate and butyrate in the colonic digesta and lower levels of serum IgG or IgA, compared to the control. These results indicated that the imbalanced dietary intake negatively altered intestinal ecosystem and immunity.

Ruthenium red and alcian blue effects on outer structures of methanotrophic bacteria

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 72-73
Author(s):  
T.A. Fassel ◽  
M.J. Schaller ◽  
C.C. Remsen
Keyword(s):  
Research Effort ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Methanotrophic Bacteria ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Methylosinus Trichosporium ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Methylomonas Albus ◽  
Type Strains ◽  
Outer Cell Wall

Methane, a contributor to the “greenhouse effect”, is oxidized in the natural environment by methanotrophic bacteria. As part of a comprehensive research effort, we have been examining the ultrastructure of methanotrophs. These microorganisms have complex outer cell wall structures similar to those frequently found in other chemol itho- trophic bacteria. (1,2)In our work, we have focused on the “type” strains of Methylomonas albus BG8 and Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b. Between Spurr and LR White embedding resins, we found a difference 1n the preservation of an outer cup layer of BG8 external to the peripheral membranes. Cells from the same sample embedded in Spurr consistently lacked this feature (FIG. 1). This effect was overcome by an en bloc ruthenium red (RR) protocol that resulted in successful retention of the cup layer in Spurr resin (FIG. 2). For OB3b cells, the en bloc RR protocol resulted in an exterior bead feature distinguishable in thin section (FIG. 4) that previously was seen only by SEM.

Dietary Calcium Supplementation Suppresses Bone Formation in Magnesium-Deficient Rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Matsuzaki ◽  
Misao Miwa
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Mineral Apposition Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Bone Formation Rate ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of dietary calcium (Ca) supplementation on bone metabolism of magnesium (Mg)-deficient rats. Male Wistar rats were randomized by weight into three groups, and fed a control diet (control group), a Mg-deficient diet (Mg- group) or a Mg-deficient diet having twice the control Ca concentrations (Mg-2Ca group) for 14 days. Trabecular bone volume was significantly lower in the Mg - and Mg-2Ca groups than in the control group. Trabecular number was also significantly lower in the Mg - and Mg-2Ca groups than in the control group. Mineralizing bone surface, mineral apposition rate (MAR), and surface referent bone formation rate (BFR/BS) were significantly lower in the Mg - and Mg-2Ca groups than in the control group. Furthermore, MAR and BFR/BS were significantly lower in the Mg-2Ca group than in the Mg - group. These results suggest that dietary Ca supplementation suppresses bone formation in Mg-deficient rats.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PERFORMANS TERNAK BABI FASE STARTER

ZOOTEC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Alfred Tamawiwy ◽  
M. Najoan ◽  
J S Mandey ◽  
F. N Sompie
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Daily Water Consumption

ABSTRACT   EFFECT OF UTILIZATION OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) IN THE DIET ON PIG PERFORMANCE. Utilization of fats and oils in pig diets is of great importance due to their high energy value. VCO is obtained by cold press processing of the kernel from the coconut fruit. Utilization of virgin coconut oil (VCO) in the diets on pig performance.  The present study was designed to elaborate the effect of utilization of VCO in the diets on energy and protein digestibility of growing pigs. The experiment was conducted using 20 castrated male pigs aged 1.5 - 2.0 months weighing 12,0±2,0 kg. The data were analyzed according to the linear model procedure for ANOVA appropriate for Randomized Block Design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments were formulated as follow: R0 = 100% control diet + 0% VCO; R1 = 99.5% control diet + 1.0% VCO; R2 = 98.0% control diet + 2.0% VCO; R3 = 97.0% control diet + 3.0% VCO; and R4 = 96.0% control diet + 4.0% VCO. Parameters measured were: daily feed intake, daily gain, daily water consumption. The results showed that the utilization of VCO up to 4% in the diets had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on daily feed intake, daily gain, daily water consumption of pigs. It can be concluded that the addition of VCO up to 4.0% in the diets has no significant meaning on pig performance.   Key words: Virgin coconut oil (VCO), Performance, Growing pigs  

Effect of dietary probiotic, antibiotic or combination on broiler performance, cecum microbial population and ileal development

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elbaz ◽  
Said El-sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance

Objective: To investigate the effect of antibiotics and/or probiotics on broiler performance, some serum metabolites, cecum microflora composition, and ileum histomorphology under the Egyptian conditions. Design: Randomized controlled experimental study. Animals: Two hundred forty 1-day-old Ross (308) chicks were reared till 35 days of age. Procedures: The birds were randomly allocated into four main groups: a control diet without additives (CON); probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus) supplemented diet (PRO); antibiotic (Avilamycin) supplemented diet (ANT) and a mix group (AP) that received antibiotic in the diet form 1 to 4 days of age and treated during the rest of the experimental period with probiotics. Results: Chickens fed on probiotic or antibiotic diets had linear improvement in live body weight (LBW) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the control group, while the best LBW and FCR were in the AP group. An improvement in the nutrient digestibility was observed in the probiotic added groups (PRO and AP). Serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents decreased when antimicrobial (probiotic or antibiotic) supplementations were used, while there was an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents, serum total protein, and albumin levels. Among all groups, cecum Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli counts decreased; however, there was an increase in Lactobacillus count compared to the control group. In probiotic supplemented groups (PRO and AP), a significant (P<0.05) improvement in ilea architecture. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Using probiotic after initial treatment with an antibiotic in broiler diets had a positive effect on broiler growth performance, gut health (improved cecum microbial populations and ileum histomorphology), and nutrient digestibility.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Paper Mulberry (Broussonetia Papyrifera) on Growth Performance and Muscle Quality of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1655
Author(s):  
Tao Tang ◽  
Jinhai Bai ◽  
Zhipeng Ao ◽  
Zehong Wei ◽  
Yi Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broussonetia Papyrifera

The present study investigated the effects of dietary paper mulberry (Broussonetia Papyrifera, BP) on growth performance, muscle quality and muscle growth-related mRNA expressions of grass carp. Fish (initial weight: 50.0 ± 0.5 g) were fed diets supplemented with 0% (control diet), 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% BP for 8 weeks. The results showed that increasing levels of paper mulberry linearly and quadratically decreased the special gain rate (SGR) and increased the feed conversion rate (FCR) of grass carp (p < 0.05). Significantly positive quadratic trends were found between paper mulberry levels and muscle crude fat or crude protein of grass carp (p < 0.05). In comparison to the control diet, the 10%BP and 15%BP groups had significantly decreased muscle crude fat and increased crude protein (p < 0.05). The levels of paper mulberry resulted in a linear and quadratic increase in water loss of grass carp muscle (p < 0.05), and all groups with paper mulberry supplementation were significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). Significant positive linear and quadratic trends were found between the paper mulberry levels and muscle fiber diameter or density of grass carp (p < 0.05). In comparison to the control diet, the significant differences were found in the 15%BP and 20%BP groups (p < 0.05). The muscle adhesiveness and hardness linearly and quadratically increased with the increasing levels of paper mulberry (p < 0.05), and both of which increased significantly when the level of paper mulberry reached 10% (p < 0.05). In addition, the increase in paper mulberry linearly and quadratically improved the expressions of myoblast determination protein (MyoD), myogenin (MyoG), paired box protein 7 (Pax7) and myostatin 1 (MSTN1) (p < 0.05). When the supplementation of paper mulberry reached 15%, the expressions of all these mRNAs were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). In summary, adding 5% paper mulberry did not affect the growth of grass carp. However, the supplementation of 10% paper mulberry could improve muscle quality through improving muscle hardness, reducing fat accumulation and muscle fiber diameter, at the cost of reducing growth performance.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary copper sources on performance, gastric ghrelin-RNA expression, and growth hormone concentrations in serum in piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 4242-4247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Gonzalez-Esquerra ◽  
Raquel B Araujo ◽  
Douglas Haese ◽  
Joao L Kill ◽  
Anderson F Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Copper Chloride ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Serum Growth Hormone

Abstract Two performance studies were conducted to investigate the effects of 3 different sources of Cu on production parameters of piglets. A total of 256 piglets weaned at 24 ± 2 d were randomly allocated into 4 treatments with 10 or 8 replicates per treatment of 4 or 3 piglets per pen in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. The experimental period was divided into 3 feeding phases: Phase 1 (24 to 35 d), Phase 2 (36 to 49 d), and Phase 3 (50 to 70 d). Treatments included a Control group (fed 10 mg/kg of Cu from CuSO4), a group fed 160 mg/kg of either CuSO4 (CuSO4-160) or tri-basic copper chloride (TBCC), and a group fed Cu methionine hydroxy analogue chelated (Cu-MHAC) at 150, 80, and 50 mg/kg in Phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The methionine value of Cu-MHAC was accounted during diet formulation to achieve the same levels of methionine across treatments. Phases 1 and 2 diets contained 2,200 and 1,500 ppm of ZnO, respectively; and antibiotics were used as growth promoters. Performance parameters were analyzed as completely randomized block design, in which each experiment was considered as a block. In trial 2, blood serum and mucosal samples, from the fundic region of the stomach, were collected from 1 piglet per replicate at day 70 and tested for serum growth hormone levels (GH) and ghrelin mRNA expression, respectively. The contrast between Cu-MHAC vs. CuSO4-160 + TBCC showed that piglets fed Cu-MHAC exhibited better feed conversion ratio (FCR) in all feeding phases compared with feeding inorganic Cu (P < 0.05). Overall, feeding Cu-MHAC improved body weight (BW), BW gain, feed intake (FI), and FCR vs. Control diet fed piglets; yet, it improved BW and FCR vs. TBCC fed piglets, and improved BW, BW gain, and FI vs. CuSO4-160 fed piglets (P < 0.05). Feeding TBCC promoted similar performance than feeding CuSO4-160, regardless of age (P > 0.05). Both ghrelin expression and growth hormone serum levels were significantly increased by feeding Cu-MHAC vs. Control diet fed animals (P < 0.01). Feeding CuSO4-160 upregulated ghrelin expression vs. Control (P < 0.01) while GH serum levels and ghrelin expression did no change by feeding TBCC compared with Control diet fed animals (P > 0.05). It was concluded that feeding Cu-MHAC at the levels tested herein can improve growth performance of piglets beyond feeding 160 ppm of either CuSO4 or TBCC, which may be partially explained by the increased expression of ghrelin and GH serum levels.

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