scholarly journals Different diagnostic methods for detection of influenza epidemics

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. REBELO-de-ANDRADE ◽  
M. C. ZAMBON
Keyword(s):  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Influenza Activity

Linking continuous community-based morbidity recording of influenza-like illness (ILI) with virological sampling has consistently proved its value as one of the earliest indicators of circulating influenza activity. The clinical morbidity recording in the Portuguese national surveillance network, during a 7-year period, and the contribution of different diagnostic techniques, including virus isolation, multiplex RT–PCR, immunocapture enzyme linked immunoassay (EIA) and complement fixation tests (CFTs) for the detection of influenza in such a community-based setting is described and evaluated in this study. There was good correlation between the increase of morbidity, total samples taken and the detection of influenza virus by all the methods although this was less evident for virus isolation and EIA than for RT–PCR or serology. From a total of 1685 throat swabs collected from cases of ILI, 43·6% were RT–PCR positive, 17·5% were positive by capture EIA and in 5% virus isolates were made. The detection of influenza by RT–PCR occurred earlier than by any other method and showed the best correlation with epidemic patterns of morbidity registration. We conclude that in surveillance systems where virus culture is sub-optimal, RT–PCR provides a rapid, sensitive, specific method for detecting influenza viruses from community-based sampling.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of conventional RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR (RRT-PCR) for detection of avian metapneumovirus subtype A

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1445-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Lage Ferreira ◽  
Fernando Rosado Spilki ◽  
Márcia Mercês Aparecida Bianchi dos Santos ◽  
Renata Servan de Almeida ◽  
Clarice Weis Arns
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Genomic Rna ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Avian Metapneumovirus ◽  
Lower Detection ◽  
Subtype A

Avian metapneumovirus (AMPV) belongs to Metapneumovirus genus of Paramyxoviridae family. Virus isolation, serology, and detection of genomic RNA are used as diagnostic methods for AMPV. The aim of the present study was to compare the detection of six subgroup A AMPV isolates (AMPV/A) viral RNA by using different conventional and real time RT-PCR methods. Two new RT-PCR tests and two real time RT-PCR tests, both detecting fusion (F) gene and nucleocapsid (N) gene were compared with an established test for the attachment (G) gene. All the RT-PCR tested assays were able to detect the AMPV/A. The lower detection limits were observed using the N-, F- based RRT-PCR and F-based conventional RT-PCR (10(0.3) to 10¹ TCID50 mL-1). The present study suggests that the conventional F-based RT-PCR presented similar detection limit when compared to N- and F-based RRT-PCR and they can be successfully used for AMPV/A detection.

scholarly journals A Recent Update on Advanced Molecular Diagnostic Techniques for COVID-19 Pandemic: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akanksha Roberts ◽  
Raghuraj Singh Chouhan ◽  
Deepshikha Shahdeo ◽  
Narlawar Sagar Shrikrishna ◽  
Veerbhan Kesarwani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Ongoing Research

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which started out as an outbreak of pneumonia, has now turned into a pandemic due to its rapid transmission. Besides developing a vaccine, rapid, accurate, and cost-effective diagnosis is essential for monitoring and combating the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its related variants on time with precision and accuracy. Currently, the gold standard for detection of SARS-CoV-2 is Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), but it lacks accuracy, is time-consuming and cumbersome, and fails to detect multi-variant forms of the virus. Herein, we have summarized conventional diagnostic methods such as Chest-CT (Computed Tomography), RT-PCR, Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP), Reverse Transcription-LAMP (RT-LAMP), as well new modern diagnostics such as CRISPR–Cas-based assays, Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), Lateral Flow Assays (LFA), Graphene-Field Effect Transistor (GraFET), electrochemical sensors, immunosensors, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs)-based assays, and microarrays for SARS-CoV-2 detection. This review will also provide an insight into an ongoing research and the possibility of developing more economical tools to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic.

Forensic research of staff fraud

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 585-600
Author(s):  
V.A. Timchenko
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Forensic Research ◽  
Economic Information ◽  
Commercial Organizations ◽  
Original Approach

Subject. This article deals with the issues of forensic diagnostics, which is an effective means of detecting, preventing and suppressing staff fraud. Objectives. The article aims to present an original approach to the development of methods of forensic diagnosis of staff fraud based on the modeling method. It is also intended to identify a structure of staff fraud patterns and justify the need to classify the staff fraud methods. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of comparative analysis, systematization, induction, and deduction. Results. The article defines approaches to the formation of diagnostic methods of staff fraud and presents typical inconsistencies that arise in economic information under the influence of fraudulent actions of staff. It describes some diagnostic techniques that can detect staff fraud elements that occur in certain ways of criminal activity. Conclusions and Relevance. The proposed original approach helps develop standard and specific methods for diagnosing staff fraud on a scientific basis. The provisions outlined in the article can serve as a basis for scholarly discussion, contribute to the effectiveness of research on counter-fraud in the field of personnel fraud, and can be applied to the practical activities of structural units and individuals whose task is to combat staff fraud in commercial organizations.

scholarly journals Tick-borne zoonoses and commonly used diagnostic methods in human and veterinary medicine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Springer ◽  
Antje Glass ◽  
Julia Probst ◽  
Christina Strube
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogens ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
The One

AbstractAround the world, human health and animal health are closely linked in terms of the One Health concept by ticks acting as vectors for zoonotic pathogens. Animals do not only maintain tick cycles but can either be clinically affected by the same tick-borne pathogens as humans and/or play a role as reservoirs or sentinel pathogen hosts. However, the relevance of different tick-borne diseases (TBDs) may vary in human vs. veterinary medicine, which is consequently reflected by the availability of human vs. veterinary diagnostic tests. Yet, as TBDs gain importance in both fields and rare zoonotic pathogens, such as Babesia spp., are increasingly identified as causes of human disease, a One Health approach regarding development of new diagnostic tools may lead to synergistic benefits. This review gives an overview on zoonotic protozoan, bacterial and viral tick-borne pathogens worldwide, discusses commonly used diagnostic techniques for TBDs, and compares commercial availability of diagnostic tests for humans vs. domestic animals, using Germany as an example, with the aim of highlighting existing gaps and opportunities for collaboration in a One Health framework.

scholarly journals Clostridioides difficile Infection, Still a Long Way to Go

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Eleftheria Kampouri ◽  
Antony Croxatto ◽  
Guy Prod’hom ◽  
Benoit Guery
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile Infection ◽  
The Right

Clostridioides difficile is an increasingly common pathogen both within and outside the hospital and is responsible for a large clinical spectrum from asymptomatic carriage to complicated infection associated with a high mortality. While diagnostic methods have considerably progressed over the years, the optimal diagnostic algorithm is still debated and there is no single diagnostic test that can be used as a standalone test. More importantly, the heterogeneity in diagnostic practices between centers along with the lack of robust surveillance systems in all countries and an important degree of underdiagnosis due to lack of clinical suspicion in the community, hinder a more accurate evaluation of the burden of disease. Our improved understanding of the physiopathology of CDI has allowed some significant progress in the treatment of CDI, including a broader use of fidaxomicine, the use of fecal microbiota transplantation for multiples recurrences and newer approaches including antibodies, vaccines and new molecules, already developed or in the pipeline. However, the management of CDI recurrences and severe infections remain challenging and the main question remains: how to best target these often expensive treatments to the right population. In this review we discuss current diagnostic approaches, treatment and potential prevention strategies, with a special focus on recent advances in the field as well as areas of uncertainty and unmet needs and how to address them.

Characteristics of examination algorithm of patients with chronic trauma of the oral mucosa using tissue autofluorescence spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
V. A. Gordeeva ◽  
I. V. Kulik ◽  
E. A. Khromova ◽  
A. L. Rubezhov ◽  
M. V. Gordeeva
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Trauma ◽  
Autofluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Risk Zones ◽  
Cancerous Lesions ◽  
Group 5

Relevance. The paper demonstrates the need to implement modern diagnostic techniques for diagnosis of precancerous and cancerous lesions at early or preclinical stages. Additional diagnostic methods are necessary, e.g. tissue autofluorescence, which allows revealing insidious pathological risk zones, particularly precancerous and cancerous lesions, to evaluate the condition of the oral tissues in patients with chronic oral mucosa disorders, especially caused by trauma. Purpose – to assess trauma-specific effectiveness of autofluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) in risk group patients with chronic trauma of the oral mucosa to reveal early malignization signs.Materials and methods. 25 subjects were selected for the study and divided into 2 groups: main group – 20 patients with different manifestations of chronic oral mucosa trauma; control group – 5 subjects without visible clinical manifestations and without oral trauma factors. Autofluorescence spectroscopy was performed in both groups using AFS-400 stomatoscope.Results. The received data demonstrated that the change in autofluorescence doesn’t allow drawing final conclusions on the presence or absence of chronic oral trauma malignization signs.Conclusion. AFS-400 stomatoscope may be effective in differentiating between healthy and damaged tissues, but there is no solid evidence that the change in fluorescence shade can help differentiate between various types of damaged tissues. Autofluorescence spectroscopy should be considered as an additional method for examination of patients with chronic oral mucosa trauma to reveal early malignization signs.

scholarly journals Comparison of virus isolation using the Vero E6 cell line with real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of human metapneumovirus

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Matsuzaki ◽  
Katsumi Mizuta ◽  
Emi Takashita ◽  
Michiko Okamoto ◽  
Tsutomu Itagaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Human Metapneumovirus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay

scholarly journals A Five-Year Study of Influenza in Families Joint Public Health Laboratory Service/Royal College of General Practitioners Working Group

1981 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Mann ◽  
M. S. Pereira ◽  
J. W. G. Smith ◽  
R. J. C. Hart ◽  
W. O. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Royal College ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Public Health Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Service ◽  
Before And After

SummaryA five year collaborative study of influenza in volunteer families from 1973–78 covered a period in which there were outbreaks every year but no major epidemics of influenza. Volunteers over the age of 15 years were bled before and after each of the five winters, and virus isolation was attempted from as many as possible when they reported episodes of illness. Children under 15 in the volunteer families were also swabbed when they were ill. Although most families experienced one or more attacks by influenza viruses, there was little transmission within families.

scholarly journals Bovine ephemeral fever epidemics in Kingdom Saudi Arabia: clinical, epidemiological and molecular investigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 854-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed A Zaghawa ◽  
Fadhel Housawi ◽  
Abdulmohsen Al-Naeem ◽  
Ahmed Elsify ◽  
Yamen Mohammed Hegazy
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Bovine Ephemeral Fever ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Epidemiological Pattern ◽  
First Time

Introduction: Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an arthropod borne Rhabdovirus affects cattle and water buffalo causes acute febrile disease. Methodology: The clinical picture and epidemiological pattern of BEF were described among cattle in epidemics of 2007, 2009 and 2011 in four geographical regions of Kingdom Saudi Arabia (Eastern, Jizan, Qasim, and Riyadh). Serum samples were tested using VNT. Virus isolation and molecular characterization were carried out for the first time in KSA. Results: The main clinical symptoms were fever, stiffness, lameness, salivation and subcutaneous emphysema. The prevalence and the mortality rate of BEF have decreased from 70% and 4.6% in 2007 to 30% and 0.6% in 2011, respectively in the 4 studied areas. There was no region association with higher prevalence of BEF. The intracluster correlation (ICC) was estimated for the first time in KSA as 0.0034. BEFV had been isolated from 11 out of 20 samples (55%) and isolation was confirmed by VNT. The molecular detection of BEFV by RT-PCR and real- time RT-qPCR were found more sensitive for diagnosis of the disease than virus isolation; 80% and 90% for the former tests and 55% for the latter. Three isolates were sequenced, they showed 84.7% - 100% identities in between and shared 90.4%-96.5% sequence identity with a previously published sequence from Australia (KF679404). The generated sequences belonged to 3rd cluster of BEFV glycoprotein. Conclusions: BEF occurrence has cyclic nature and the efficacy of vaccines prepared from local strains has to be evaluated and considered in diseases control.

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