scholarly journals The preventive effect of breast-feeding for longer than 6 months on early pubertal development among children aged 7–9 years in Korea

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 3300-3307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye Ah Lee ◽  
Young Ju Kim ◽  
Hwayoung Lee ◽  
Hye Sun Gwak ◽  
Young Sun Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Score Change ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Tanner Staging ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
Relevant Covariates

AbstractObjectiveThe present study was performed to investigate whether breast-feeding is associated with early pubertal development among children 7–9 years old in Korea.DesignChildren were divided into those who did and did not receive breast-feeding for 6 months or longer in accordance with the recommendations of the WHO. Pubertal status was determined by clinical examination using Tanner staging.SettingProspective observational study.SubjectsWe conducted a follow-up study of children aged 7–9 years in 2011 who had taken part in the Ewha Birth & Growth Cohort study.ResultsFifty (22·8 %) of the total of 219 children were in early puberty, with the proportion being slightly higher for girls (24·1 %) than boys (21·4 %). Children who had entered early puberty were taller, weighed more and had a higher concentration of insulin-like growth factor 1. Moreover, the change in weight Z-score from birth to follow-up was significantly lower in children who were breast-fed than in those who were not (weight Z-score change: 0·32 (sd 1·59) v. 0·77 (sd 1·61), respectively, P=0·04). Comparison of breast-feeding by puberty status indicated a preventive association with early puberty in children who were breast-fed for 6 months or longer (OR=0·37; 95 % CI 0·18, 0·74). This association remained significant after adjustment for relevant covariates.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate a beneficial association between breast-feeding and early pubertal development, especially in those breast-fed for 6 months or longer. The study suggests that interventions would need to start early in life to prevent early pubertal development.

scholarly journals High DHEAS Is Associated With Earlier Pubertal Events in Girls But Not in Boys

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 800-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Pereira ◽  
German Iñiguez ◽  
Camila Corvalan ◽  
Verónica Mericq
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Sex Characteristics ◽  
Premature Thelarche ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Tanner Staging ◽  
Secondary Sex Characteristics ◽  
Premature Adrenarche ◽  
The Relationship

Context: Premature adrenarche (PA) has been associated with increased metabolic risk. Objective: To describe the risk of precocious thelarche (PT; <8 years), pubarche (PP; girls <8 years, boys <9 years), and gonadarche (PG; <9 years) in children with high dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS [HD]) vs those with normal DHEAS (ND). Setting and Intervention: Longitudinal Chilean cohort (n = 1052, 49.9% girls). Annual clinical examination including secondary sex characteristics by Tanner staging. Logistic regression models were adjusted by age and BMI. Main Outcome: Assess the relationship between DHEAS and premature thelarche, gonadarche, and pubarche in both sexes. Results: At age of DHEAS determination, overweight/obesity was present in 44.3% of boys and 42.9% of girls. Incidences of any precocious event were observed in 17.2% of boys and in 25.4% of girls, presented as 8.7% of PG and 8.5% of PP in boys and as 21.3% of PT and 4.1% of PP in girls. In crude and adjusted models in boys, HD did not increase the risk of earlier pubertal events. Conversely, girls with HD had a 2.6 times greater risk of early thelarche and a three times greater risk of early pubarche compared with girls with ND concentrations. Conclusion: In Chilean adolescents, precocious events of pubertal development were in line with the worldwide secular trend of earlier sexual maturation. HD was only associated with PT and PP in girls. Continuous follow-up of this cohort is a unique opportunity to prospectively address and analyze the interrelationships among HD, early growth, and adiposity as determinants of gonadarche, pubertal rate/sequence progression, and ovarian function.

scholarly journals Urinary and salivary endocrine measurements to complement Tanner staging in studies of pubertal development

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251598
Author(s):  
Mandy Goldberg ◽  
Anna J. Ciesielski Jones ◽  
John A. McGrath ◽  
Christie Barker-Cummings ◽  
Deborah S. Cousins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Pubic Hair ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Final Visit ◽  
Tanner Staging ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Stage 1

Background Many studies investigating pubertal development use Tanner staging to assess maturation. Endocrine markers in urine and saliva may provide an objective, sensitive, and non-invasive method for assessing development. Objective Our objective was to examine whether changes in endocrine levels can indicate the onset of pubertal development prior to changes in self-rated Tanner stage. Methods Thirty-five girls and 42 boys aged 7 to 15 years were enrolled in the Growth and Puberty (GAP) study, a longitudinal pilot study conducted from 2007–2009 involving children of women enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) in Iowa. We collected saliva and urine samples and assessed pubertal development by self-rated Tanner staging (pubic hair, breast development (girls), genital development (boys)) at three visits over six months. We measured dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in saliva and creatinine-adjusted luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estrone 3-glucuronide (E13G) and pregnanediol 3-glucuronide (Pd3G) concentrations in first morning urine. We evaluated the relationships over time between Tanner stage and each biomarker using repeated measures analysis. Results Among girls still reporting Tanner breast stage 1 at the final visit, FSH levels increased over the 6-month follow-up period and were no longer lower than higher stage girls at the end of follow-up. We observed a similar pattern for testosterone in boys. By visit 3, boys still reporting Tanner genital stage 1 or pubic hair stage 1 had attained DHEA levels that were comparable to those among boys reporting Tanner stages 2 or 3. Conclusions Increasing concentrations of FSH in girls and DHEA and testosterone in boys over a 6-month period revealed the start of the pubertal process prior to changes in self-rated Tanner stage. Repeated, non-invasive endocrine measures may complement the more subjective assessment of physical markers in studies determining pubertal onset.

scholarly journals Infant weight gain, duration of exclusive breast-feeding and childhood BMI – two similar follow-up cohorts

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingibjorg Gunnarsdottir ◽  
Lene Schack-Nielsen ◽  
Kim Fleischer Michaelsen ◽  
Thorkild IA Sørensen ◽  
Inga Thorsdottir
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Infancy And Childhood ◽  
Infant Weight Gain ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Breast Fed

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the association between duration of exclusive breast-feeding (EBF), weight gain in infancy and childhood BMI in two populations with a long duration of EBF.DesignCohort study with follow-up in childhood. Breast-feeding status was reported monthly during infancy. Weight and length were measured at birth, 2, 6 and 12 months of age, as well as in childhood at 6 or 10 years of age.SettingIceland and Denmark.SubjectsRandomly selected healthy newborns from Denmark (n 85) and Iceland (n 100).ResultsInfants exclusively breast-fed for ≤2 months gained 348 (95% CI 69, 626) g more weight from 2 to 6 months than infants exclusively breast-fed for 3–4 months (P = 0·009). Weight gain from 6 to 12 months was found to be greater among infants exclusively breast-fed for ≤2 months compared with those exclusively breast-fed for ≥5 months (P = 0·008). A greater weight change, in terms of Z-score, between the ages of 2 and 6 months was associated with higher Z-score of childhood BMI, adjusted for birth weight, country and duration of EBF (B = 0·49, se = 0·11, P < 0·001, adj. R2 = 0·15). However, the association was much stronger in the Icelandic cohort than the Danish one.ConclusionsAlthough duration of EBF was not associated with childhood BMI in the present study it may modulate growth rate in infancy, which is related to childhood BMI. However, other factors determinative for infant growth also need to be considered when assessing the relationship of early growth and nutrition to childhood overweight, as traditions in complementary food might differ between populations.

scholarly journals Breast-feeding duration for the prevention of excess body weight of mother–child pairs concurrently: a 2-year cohort study

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 2537-2548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Fabio Mastroeni ◽  
Silmara Salete de Barros Silva Mastroeni ◽  
Sandra Ana Czarnobay ◽  
John Paul Ekwaru ◽  
Sarah A Loehr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Feeding Duration ◽  
Pregnancy Weight ◽  
Breast Fed

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between breast-feeding duration and the risk of excess body weight (children &gt;85th percentile, mothers BMI≥25·0 kg/m2) concurrently in mother–child pairs two years after delivery.DesignProspective cohort study in Joinville, Brazil. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the independent relationship between breast-feeding duration and risk of excess body weight.SettingBrazilian public maternity hospital.SubjectsThree hundred and five mother–child pairs.ResultsAt 2-year follow-up, 23·6 % of mother–child pairs had excess body weight. Children breast-fed for &lt;2 months were more likely to have excess body weight than children breast-fed for ≥6 months (OR=2·4; 95 % CI 1·1, 5·1). Breast-feeding for &lt;2 months was also associated with a greater likelihood of maternal excess body weight compared with those who breast-fed for ≥6 months (OR=2·9; 95 % CI 1·1, 8·1). There was a progressive increase in the likelihood of mother–child pairs having excess body weight as breast-feeding duration decreased. In addition to breast-feeding duration, other independent determinants of excess body weight were pre-pregnancy weight, gestational weight gain and number of pregnancies in mothers, and birth weight in children.ConclusionsBreast-feeding for a longer duration has a parallel protective effect on the risk of excess body weight in mother–child pairs two years after birth. Since members of the same family could be influenced by the same risk factors, continued promotion and support of breast-feeding may help to attenuate the rising prevalence of overweight in mother–child pairs.

Thymus size evaluated by sonography

1997 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hasselbalch ◽  
D. L. Jeppesen ◽  
A. K. Ersbøll ◽  
M. D. M. Engelmann ◽  
M. B. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
The Body ◽  
Volume Estimate ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
Thymus Size

Objective: to use sonography in a follow-up study aimed at assessing the size of the thymus in healthy infants, and to search for a possible relation to clinical variables, breast-feeding status, and illness. Material and Methods: Forty-seven healthy infants were examined as neonates and re-examined at 4 months of age. Thirty-seven of the infants were also re-examined at 8,10, and 12 months of age. the thymus size was measured with the sonographic thymic index used as a volume estimate. the correlations between the thymic index and the sex, weight, length, illness, and breast-feeding status of the infants were analysed. Results: at birth the median thymic index was 12 (range 4–29). at 4 months the median thymic index was 28 (range 12–83). the thymic index was positively correlated to the body length of the infant and to its breast-feeding status (p<0.0001). at 8 months the median thymic index was 29 (range 6–55) and most of the variation could be explained by the length of the infant (p=0.0018, r=0.50). at 10 months the median thymic value had decreased to 19 (range 9–49), and at 12 months to 17 (range 7–53). Infants exclusively breast-fed during the first 4 months of their lives had a larger thymic index at 10 months than formula-fed infants (p=0.0024). Infants with fever episodes from 10 to 12 months had a smaller thymic index at 12 months (p=0.0241). Conclusion: the thymus size in healthy infants increases from birth to 4 and 8 months of age and then decreases. Most of the individual variation can be explained by breast-feeding status and body size, and to a lesser extent by illness. We propose statistical models by which the normal variation/distribution of the thymic size can be estimated in infants up to one year of age.

scholarly journals Management of infants born to mothers with SARS-CoV2 infection: a prospective observational study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000824
Author(s):  
Chokkiyil Ponnambath Hafis Ibrahim ◽  
Fatma Oleks Lobko ◽  
Ghalia Abou Alchamat ◽  
Waleed Gamal Swilam ◽  
Saleema Rasool Wani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
Record Review ◽  
Breast Fed

ObjectivesTo assess the clinical risk of mother-to-infant transmission of SARS-CoV2 and transmission during rooming in and breast feeding in infants born to mothers with COVID-19.DesignProspective observational study.SettingA large tertiary maternal and neonatal care centre based in the UAE.ParticipantsInfants born to mothers diagnosed to have COVID-19 at the time of delivery, born between 1 April and 15 June 2020.Main outcome measuresRate of transmission of SARS-CoV2 from mother to infant (vertical or horizontal) while rooming in and breast feeding in hospital and post discharge and associated morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period.Results73 infants were born to mothers with COVID-19 at the time of delivery. Two infants tested positive for SARS-CoV2 after birth—one had respiratory symptoms related to other causes and the other infant remained well. 57 of mother–infant dyads who were well enough, roomed in while in hospital and all were breast fed. All surviving infants were followed up by telephone at 2 weeks and 4 weeks (or from the patient record review if still on the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Majority of the discharged infants were still rooming in with mothers (95% at 2 weeks, 99% at 4 weeks) and still breast fed (99% at 2 weeks, 99% at 4 weeks). None of the infants developed any significant health issues or developed symptoms attributable to SARS-CoV2.ConclusionsThe risk of mother-to-infant transmission of SARS-CoV2, vertically or horizontally, in the perinatal period is very low. Breast feeding and rooming in can be practised safely with adequate infection control precautions with negligible clinical risk to the infant.

Awareness of Pregnant Women for COVID-19 Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erhan Okuyan ◽  
Emre Gunakan ◽  
Sertaç Esin
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Home Birth ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Emotional Status ◽  
Prevention Method ◽  
And Behavior

Covid outbreak has been getting worse and spread affected all over the world. Pregnant patients are also vulnerable to respiratory diseases. We aimed to evaluate the awareness, emotional status, and behavior of pregnant during the COVID outbreak. This study's main benefit is to analyze the knowledge and understanding of pregnant women about the pandemic and draw attention to the prevention issues that need improvement. This research is a prospective observational study that 199 patients subjected to a questionnaire including 29 questions about patient characteristics, pregnancy information, knowledge about COVID19-infection, behavioral and emotional changes. 130 (65.3) of the patients stated an above-average knowledge level. Television was the most frequent information source (75.4%, n:150) and was the only information source for 90 (45.1%) of the patients. Sixty-nine patients used more than one information source. More than one prevention method uses by 149 (75%) of the patients. Washing hands (n:183, 92.0%) and cleaning the house (n:122, 61.3%) were the most preferred methods. Only 55 (27.6%) of the patients used a mask for prevention. 88(44.2%) of the patients stated that they preferred a shorter hospital stay, and 75 (37.7%) of the patients indicated that they postponed or avoided the pregnancy follow-up visits due to the COVID-19 issue. Pregnant women seem to be aware and stressed of COVID-19, but knowledge of what to do seems insufficient. Patients informed of risks of COVID infection, unplanned hospital admission, and chances of avoiding necessary visits and home birth demands.

scholarly journals Safety of High-Dose Dabigatran in Elderly and Younger Patients with a Low Bleeding Risk: A Prospective Observational Study

Cardiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Aharon Erez ◽  
Gregory Golovchiner ◽  
Robert Klempfner ◽  
Ehud Kadmon ◽  
Gustavo Ruben Goldenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
High Dose ◽  
World Population ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
End Point

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> In patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) at risk for stroke, dabigatran 150 mg twice a day (DE150) is superior to warfarin for stroke prevention. However, there is paucity of data with respect to bleeding risk at this dose in elderly patients (≥75 years). We aimed to evaluate the safety of DE150 in comparison to warfarin in a real-world population with AF and low bleeding risk (HAS-BLED score ≤2). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this prospective observational study, 754 consecutive patients with AF and HAS-BLED score ≤2 were included. We compared outcome of elderly patients (age ≥75 tears) to younger patients (age &#x3c;75 years). The primary end point was the combined incidence of all-cause mortality, stroke, systemic emboli, and major bleeding event during a mean follow-up of 1 year. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There were 230 (30%) elderly patients, 151 patients were treated with warfarin, and 79 were treated with DE150. Fifty-two patients experienced the primary endpoint during the 1-year follow-up. Among the elderly, at 1-year of follow-up, the cumulative event rate of the combined endpoint in the DE150 and warfarin was 8.9 and 15.9% respectively (<i>p</i> = 0.14). After adjustment for age and gender, patients who were treated with DE150 had a nonsignificant difference in the risk for the combined end point as patients treated with warfarin both among the elderly and among the younger population (HR 0.58, 95% C.I = 0.25–1.39 and HR = 1.12, 95% C.I 0.62–2.00, respectively [<i>p</i> for age-group-by-treatment interaction = 0.83). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our results suggest that Dabigatran 150 mg twice a day can be safely used among elderly AF patients with low bleeding risk.

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