scholarly journals Analysis of the impact of three phthalates on the freshwater gastropod Physella acuta at the transcriptional level

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Prieto-Amador ◽  
Patricia Caballero ◽  
José-Luis Martínez-Guitarte
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Physella Acuta ◽  
Butyl Phthalate ◽  
General Response ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPlastic pollution is one of the leading environmental problems. Phthalates are widely used plastic additives released into the environment. Although the effects of phthalates on vertebrates have been extensively studied, there is a knowledge gap regarding their effects on invertebrates. This work analyzes the impact of three phthalates, diethyl phthalate (DEP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), and bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), on the gastropod Physella acuta at the molecular level to establish the putative pathways involved in its response to them. By real-time PCR, we obtained the expression profile of 30 genes in animals exposed for 1 week to 0.1, 10, and 1000 μg/L of each phthalate. The genes cover DNA repair, detoxification, apoptosis, oxidative and stress responses, immunity, energy reserves, and lipid transport. The results show that while DEP and DEHP did not alter the mRNA levels, BBP modulated almost all the analyzed genes. It can be concluded that the impact of BBP is extensive at the molecular level. However, it cannot be dismissed that the increase in transcriptional activity is a general response due to this compound’s well-known role as an endocrine disruptor. Additional research is needed to elucidate the differences observed in the impact of these compounds on the gastropod P. acuta.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact of Three Phthalates on the Freshwater Gastropod Physella Acuta at the Transcriptional Level

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Prieto-Amador ◽  
Patricia Caballero ◽  
Jose-Luis Martinez-Guitarte
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Physella Acuta ◽  
Butyl Phthalate ◽  
General Response ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Plastic pollution is one of the leading environmental problems. Phthalates are widely used plastic additives released into the environment. Although the phthalates' effects have been extensively studied on vertebrates, there is a gap in knowledge on their effects on invertebrates. This work analyzes the impact of three phthalates, diethyl phthalate (DEP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), and bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), on the gastropod Physella acuta at the molecular level to establish the putative pathways involved in its response to them. By real-time PCR, we obtained the expression profile of thirty genes in one-week exposed animals at 0.1, 10, and 1000 µg/L. The genes cover the DNA repairing mechanism, detoxification mechanisms, apoptosis, oxidative and stress responses, immunity, energy reserves, and lipid transport. The results show that while DEP and DEHP did not cause alteration of the mRNA levels, BBP modulates almost all the genes tested. It can be concluded that the impact of BBP is extensive at the molecular level. However, it cannot be dismissed that the increase in transcriptional activity is a general response due to this compound’s well-known role as an endocrine disruptor. Additional research is needed to elucidate the differences observed in the impact of these compounds on this gastropod.

scholarly journals miR-128 Is Implicated in Stress Responses by Targeting MAFG in Skeletal Muscle Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocco Caggiano ◽  
Fabio Cattaneo ◽  
Ornella Moltedo ◽  
Giovanni Esposito ◽  
Cinzia Perrino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Transcriptional Regulator ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Molecular Phenotype ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Direct Target ◽  
The Impact

MAFG (v-Maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog G) is a bZIP-type transcriptional regulator that belongs to the small MAF (sMAFs) protein family. By interacting with other bZIP transcription factors, sMAFs can form homo- and heterodimers governing either repressive or activating transcriptional functions. As heterodimeric partner of Nrf2, MAFG positively influences the ARE-dependent antioxidant/xenobiotic pathways, at least in condition of a correct MAFG:Nrf2 balance. MicroRNAs (miRs) participate to different regulatory networks being involved as fine-tuning regulators of gene expression. However, the connections between cellular surveillance to stresses mediated by MAFG:Nrf2 and miR regulations are not well understood. Here, we explored the impact of miR-128 in expression of genes related to stress response. Bioinformatic predictions coupled with functional analysis revealed the presence of miR-128 binding site in the 3′UTR of MAFG. Ectopic miR-128 expression correlated with reduced expression of endogenous MAFG-dependent genes and negatively affected ARE-mediated molecular phenotype based on Nrf2 activity. Indeed, miR-128 impairs redox-dependent pathways induced in response to oxidative stress. Moreover, in condition of hypoxia, MAFG induction correlated with reduced levels of miR-128. This lead to increased mRNA levels of HMOX-1 and x-CT for blunting stress. Overall, these findings identify MAFG as novel direct target of miR-128.

scholarly journals Vasopressin Administration into the Paraventricular Nucleus Normalizes Plasma Oxytocin and Corticosterone Levels in Brattleboro Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (6) ◽  
pp. 2791-2798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dóra Zelena ◽  
Kristina Langnaese ◽  
Ágnes Domokos ◽  
Ottó Pintér ◽  
Rainer Landgraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Forced Swimming ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Congenital Absence ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Intact Control ◽  
The Impact

Adult male rats of the Brattleboro strain were used to investigate the impact of the congenital absence of vasopressin on plasma adrenocorticotropin, corticosterone, and oxytocin concentrations as well as the release pattern of oxytocin within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), in response to a 10-min forced swimming session. Measurement of adrenocorticotropin in plasma samples collected via chronically implanted jugular venous catheters revealed virtually identical stress responses for vasopressin-lacking Brattleboro (KO) and intact control animals. In contrast, plasma corticosterone and oxytocin levels were found to be significantly elevated 105 min after onset of the stressor in KO animals only. Microdialysis samples collected from the extracellular fluid of the PVN showed significantly higher levels of oxytocin both under basal conditions and in response to stressor exposure in KO vs. intact control animals accompanied by elevated oxytocin mRNA levels in the PVN of KO rats. These findings suggest that the increased oxytocin levels in the PVN caused by the congenital absence of vasopressin may contribute to normal adrenocorticotropin stress responses in KO animals. However, whereas the stressor-induced elevation of plasma oxytocin in KO rats may be responsible for their maintained corticosterone levels, oxytocin seems unable to fully compensate for the lack of vasopressin. This hypothesis was tested by retrodialyzing synthetic vasopressin into the PVN area concomitantly with blood sampling in KO animals. Indeed, this treatment normalized plasma oxytocin and corticosterone levels 105 min after forced swimming. Thus, endogenous vasopressin released within the PVN is likely to act as a paracrine signal to facilitate the return of plasma oxytocin and corticosterone to basal levels after acute stressor exposure.

scholarly journals Color-Specific Recovery to Extreme High-Light Stress in Plants

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 812
Author(s):  
Débora Parrine ◽  
Todd M. Greco ◽  
Bilal Muhammad ◽  
Bo-Sen Wu ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
High Light ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
High Light Stress ◽  
General Response ◽  
The Impact

Plants pigments, such as chlorophyll and carotenoids, absorb light within specific wavelength ranges, impacting their response to environmental light changes. Although the color-specific response of plants to natural levels of light is well described, extreme high-light stress is still being discussed as a general response, without considering the impact of wavelengths in particular response processes. In this study, we explored how the plant proteome coordinated the response and recovery to extreme light conditions (21,000 µmol m−2 s−1) under different wavelengths. Changes at the protein and mRNA levels were measured, together with the photosynthetic parameters of plants under extreme high-light conditions. The changes in abundance of four proteins involved in photoinhibition, and in the biosynthesis/assembly of PSII (PsbS, PsbH, PsbR, and Psb28) in both light treatments were measured. The blue-light treatment presented a three-fold higher non-photochemical quenching and did not change the level of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) or the photosystem II (PSII) complex components when compared to the control, but significantly increased psbS transcripts. The red-light treatment caused a higher abundance of PSII and OEC proteins but kept the level of psbS transcripts the same as the control. Interestingly, the blue light stimulated a more efficient energy dissipation mechanism when compared to the red light. In addition, extreme high-light stress mechanisms activated by blue light involve the role of OEC through increasing PsbS transcript levels. In the proteomics spatial analysis, we report disparate activation of multiple stress pathways under three differently damaged zones as the enriched function of light stress only found in the medium-damaged zone of the red LED treatment. The results indicate that the impact of extreme high-light stress on the proteomic level is wavelength-dependent.

scholarly journals Eukarion-134 Attenuates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Skeletal Muscle Cells

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 710
Author(s):  
Anastasia Thoma ◽  
Max Lyon ◽  
Nasser Al-Shanti ◽  
Gareth A. Nye ◽  
Robert G. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Muscle Weakness ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle Cells ◽  
The Impact

Maladaptive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with modified reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial abnormalities; and is postulated as a potential mechanism involved in muscle weakness in myositis, an acquired autoimmune neuromuscular disease. This study investigates the impact of ROS generation in an in vitro model of ER stress in skeletal muscle, using the ER stress inducer tunicamycin (24 h) in the presence or absence of a superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic Eukarion (EUK)-134. Tunicamycin induced maladaptive ER stress, which was mitigated by EUK-134 at the transcriptional level. ER stress promoted mitochondrial dysfunction, described by substantial loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as a reduction in respiratory control ratio, reserve capacity, phosphorylating respiration, and coupling efficiency, which was ameliorated by EUK-134. Tunicamycin induced ROS-mediated biogenesis and fusion of mitochondria, which, however, had high propensity of fragmentation, accompanied by upregulated mRNA levels of fission-related markers. Increased cellular ROS generation was observed under ER stress that was prevented by EUK-134, even though no changes in mitochondrial superoxide were noticeable. These findings suggest that targeting ROS generation using EUK-134 can amend aspects of ER stress-induced changes in mitochondrial dynamics and function, and therefore, in instances of chronic ER stress, such as in myositis, quenching ROS generation may be a promising therapy for muscle weakness and dysfunction.

scholarly journals Consumption of a Western-style diet modulates the response of the murine gut microbiome to ciprofloxacin

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien J. Cabral ◽  
Jenna I. Wurster ◽  
Benjamin J. Korry ◽  
Swathi Penumutchu ◽  
Peter Belenky
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Host Diet ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDietary composition and antibiotic use are known to have major impacts on the structure and function of the gut microbiome, often resulting in dysbiosis. Despite this, little research has been done to explore the role of host diet as a determinant of antibiotic-induced microbiome disruption.Here, we utilize a multi-omic approach to characterize the impact of Western-style diet consumption on ciprofloxacin-induced changes to gut microbiome community structure and transcriptional activity. We found that mice consuming a Western-style diet experienced a greater expansion of Firmicutes following ciprofloxacin treatment than those eating a control diet. At the transcriptional level, we found that ciprofloxacin induced a reduction in the abundance of TCA cycle transcripts on both diets, suggesting that carbon metabolism plays a key role in the response of the gut microbiome to this antibiotic. Despite this shared response, we observed extensive differences in the response of the microbiota to ciprofloxacin on each diet. In particular, at the whole-community level we detected an increase in starch degradation, glycolysis, and pyruvate fermentation following antibiotic treatment in mice on the Western diet, which we did not observe in mice on the control diet. Similarly, we observed diet-specific changes in the transcriptional activity of two important commensal bacteria, Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, involving diverse cellular processes such as nutrient acquisition, stress responses, and capsular polysaccharide (CPS) biosynthesis. These findings demonstrate that host diet plays a key role in determining the extent of disruption of microbiome composition and function induced by antibiotic treatment.ImportanceWhile both diet and antibiotics are individually known to have profound impacts on gut microbiome composition, little work has been done to examine the effect of these two factors combined. A number of negative health outcomes, including diabetes and obesity, are associated with diets high in simple sugars in fats but low in host-indigestible fiber, and some of these outcomes may be mediated by the gut microbiome. Likewise, treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics and the resulting dysbiosis is associated with many of the same detrimental side effects. Previous work has shown that nutrient availability, as influenced by host diet, plays an important role in determining the extent of antibiotic-induced disruption to the gut microbiome. Due to the growing incidence of disorders related to antibiotic-induced dysbiosis, it is essential to determine how the prevalence of high fat and sugar “Western”-style diets impacts the response of the microbiome to antibiotics.

scholarly journals Glutamine involvement in nitrogen regulation of cellulase production in fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai-Ping Pang ◽  
Funing Zhang ◽  
Xin Hu ◽  
Yongsheng Luo ◽  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Nitrogen Regulation ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rut C30

Abstract Background Cellulase synthesized by fungi can environment-friendly and sustainably degrades cellulose to fermentable sugars for producing cellulosic biofuels, biobased medicine and fine chemicals. Great efforts have been made to study the regulation mechanism of cellulase biosynthesis in fungi with the focus on the carbon sources, while little attention has been paid to the impact and regulation mechanism of nitrogen sources on cellulase production. Results Glutamine displayed the strongest inhibition effect on cellulase biosynthesis in Trichoderma reesei, followed by yeast extract, urea, tryptone, ammonium sulfate and l-glutamate. Cellulase production, cell growth and sporulation in T. reesei RUT-C30 grown on cellulose were all inhibited with the addition of glutamine (a preferred nitrogen source) with no change for mycelium morphology. This inhibition effect was attributed to both l-glutamine itself and the nitrogen excess induced by its presence. In agreement with the reduced cellulase production, the mRNA levels of 44 genes related to the cellulase production were decreased severely in the presence of glutamine. The transcriptional levels of genes involved in other nitrogen transport, ribosomal biogenesis and glutamine biosynthesis were decreased notably by glutamine, while the expression of genes relevant to glutamate biosynthesis, amino acid catabolism, and glutamine catabolism were increased noticeably. Moreover, the transcriptional level of cellulose signaling related proteins ooc1 and ooc2, and the cellular receptor of rapamycin trFKBP12 was increased remarkably, whose deletion exacerbated the cellulase depression influence of glutamine. Conclusion Glutamine may well be the metabolite effector in nitrogen repression of cellulase synthesis, like the role of glucose plays in carbon catabolite repression. Glutamine under excess nitrogen condition repressed cellulase biosynthesis significantly as well as cell growth and sporulation in T. reesei RUT-C30. More importantly, the presence of glutamine notably impacted the transport and metabolism of nitrogen. Genes ooc1, ooc2, and trFKBP12 are associated with the cellulase repression impact of glutamine. These findings advance our understanding of nitrogen regulation of cellulase production in filamentous fungi, which would aid in the rational design of strains and fermentation strategies for cellulase production in industry.

scholarly journals Dissecting Hierarchies between Light, Sugar and Auxin Action Underpinning Root and Root Hair Growth

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Judith García-González ◽  
Jozef Lacek ◽  
Katarzyna Retzer
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Tissue Organization ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Plant roots are very plastic and can adjust their tissue organization and cell appearance during abiotic stress responses. Previous studies showed that direct root illumination and sugar supplementation mask root growth phenotypes and traits. Sugar and light signaling where further connected to changes in auxin biosynthesis and distribution along the root. Auxin signaling underpins almost all processes involved in the establishment of root traits, including total root length, gravitropic growth, root hair initiation and elongation. Root hair plasticity allows maximized nutrient uptake and therefore plant productivity, and root hair priming and elongation require proper auxin availability. In the presence of sucrose in the growth medium, root hair emergence is partially rescued, but the full potential of root hair elongation is lost. With our work we describe a combinatory study showing to which extent light and sucrose are antagonistically influencing root length, but additively affecting root hair emergence and elongation. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of the loss of PIN-FORMED2, an auxin efflux carrier mediating shootward auxin transporter, on the establishment of root traits in combination with all growth conditions.

Emotions and health: The impact of emotions, emotions regulation, music, and acculturation on health

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Bongard ◽  
Volker Hodapp ◽  
Sonja Rohrmann
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Anger Expression ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Cardiovascular Stress ◽  
Expression Behavior ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Our unit investigates the relationship of emotional processes (experience, expression, and coping), their physiological correlates and possible health outcomes. We study domain specific anger expression behavior and associated cardio-vascular loads and found e.g. that particularly an open anger expression at work is associated with greater blood pressure. Furthermore, we demonstrated that women may be predisposed for the development of certain mental disorders because of their higher disgust sensitivity. We also pointed out that the suppression of negative emotions leads to increased physiological stress responses which results in a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases. We could show that relaxation as well as music activity like singing in a choir causes increases in the local immune parameter immunoglobuline A. Finally, we are investigating connections between migrants’ strategy of acculturation and health and found e.g. elevated cardiovascular stress responses in migrants when they where highly adapted to the German culture.

Childbirth and Posttraumatic Stress Responses

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eelco Olde ◽  
Rolf J. Kleber ◽  
Onno van der Hart ◽  
Victor J.M. Pop
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
The Impact

Childbirth has been identified as a possible traumatic experience, leading to traumatic stress responses and even to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study investigated the psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) in a group of women who recently gave birth (N = 435). In addition, a comparison was made between the original IES and the IES-R. The scale showed high internal consistency (α = 0.88). Using confirmatory factor analysis no support was found for a three-factor structure of an intrusion, an avoidance, and a hyperarousal factor. Goodness of fit was only reasonable, even after fitting one intrusion item on the hyperarousal scale. The IES-R correlated significantly with scores on depression and anxiety self-rating scales, as well as with scores on a self-rating scale of posttraumatic stress disorder. Although the IES-R can be used for studying posttraumatic stress reactions in women who recently gave birth, the original IES proved to be a better instrument compared to the IES-R. It is concluded that adding the hyperarousal scale to the IES-R did not make the scale stronger.

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