scholarly journals Distribution of diabetic retinopathy in diabetes mellitus patients and its association rules with other eye diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Yao ◽  
Xiaoting Pei ◽  
Yingrui Yang ◽  
Hongmei Zhang ◽  
Mengting Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Association Rules ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Diabetic Maculopathy ◽  
Network Diagram ◽  
The Common

AbstractThe study aims to explore the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and association rules of eye diseases in these patients. Data were obtained from 1284 DM patients at Henan Provincial People’s Hospital. Association rules were employed to calculate the probability of the common occurrence of eye-related diseases in DM patients. A web visualization network diagram was used to display the association rules of the eye-related diseases in DM patients. DR prevalence in people aged < 40 years (≥ 58.5%) was higher than that in those aged 50–60 years (≤ 43.7%). Patients with DM in rural areas were more likely to have DR than those in urban areas (56.2% vs. 35.6%, P < 0.001). DR prevalence in Pingdingshan City (68.4%) was significantly higher than in other cities. The prevalence of DR in patients who had DM for ≥ 5 years was higher than in other groups (P < 0.001). About 33.07% of DM patients had both diabetic maculopathy and DR, and 36.02% had both diabetic maculopathy and cataracts. The number of strong rules in patients ≥ 60 years old was more than those in people under 60 in age, and those in rural areas had more strong rules than those in urban areas. DM patients with one or more eye diseases are at higher risks of other eye diseases than general DM patients. These association rules are affected by factors such as age, region, disease duration, and DR severity.

scholarly journals Trends in prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Zhejiang Province, China, 2016–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Ru-Ying Hu ◽  
Wei-Wei Gong ◽  
Jin Pan ◽  
Fang-Rong Fei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Annual Prevalence

Abstract Background Limited population-based studies have investigated the secular trend of prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in mainland China. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of GDM and time trends in Chinese female population. Methods Based on Diabetes Surveillance System of Zhejiang Province, 97,063 diagnosed GDM cases aged 20–50 years were identified from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018. Annual prevalence, prevalence rate ratios (PRRs) and average annual percentage change with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. Results The age-standardized overall prevalence of GDM was reported to be 7.30% (95% CI 7.27–7.33%); 9.13% (95% CI 9.07–9.19%) in urban areas and 6.24% (95% CI 6.21–6.27%) in rural areas. Compared with 20–24 years age group, women in advanced age groups (25–50 years) were at higher risk for GDM (PRRs ranged from 1.37 to 8.95 and the 95% CIs did not include the null). Compared with rural areas, the risk for GDM was higher in urban areas (PRR: 1.69, 95% CI 1.67–1.72). The standardized annual prevalence increased from 6.02% in 2016 to 7.94% in 2018, with an average annual increase of 5.48%, and grew more rapidly in rural than urban areas (11.28% vs. 0.00%). Conclusions This study suggested a significant increase in the prevalence of GDM among Chinese female population in Zhejiang province during 2016–2018, especially in women characterized by advanced age and rural areas.

scholarly journals Association of Thiol–disulfide Homeostasis with Retinal Layer Thickness in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammet Cuneyt Bilginer ◽  
Abbas Ali Tam ◽  
Berna Evranos Ogmen ◽  
Bagdagul Yuksel Guler ◽  
Nagihan Ugurlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Total Thiol

Abstract Background: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between early changes in retinal layer thickness and thiol–disulfide homeostasis in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials-Methods: There were 69 patients with T2DM (61 patients without retinopathy, 8 patients with retinopathy) and 21 healthy controls. In patients without retinopathy, 31 of the patients had a disease duration under 10 years, 30 of the patients had a disease duration over 10 years. Retinal layer thickness of the right eye was measured using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography. Results: Patients with T2DM and healthy controls had mean ages of 48.40 ± 8.25 years and 45.94 ± 7.32 years, respectively. The ganglion cell layer and retinal pigment epithelium thicknesses were significantly lesser in patients without diabetic retinopathy than those in the control group. In patients without diabetic retinopathy and with a disease duration of under 10 years, there was a negative correlation between the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (µm) and disulphide/total thiol ratio, between the inner nuclear layer thickness (µm) and disulphide/native thiol ratio as well as disulphide/total thiol ratio (r= −0.376, p= 0.037; r= −0.356, p= 0.050; r= −0.380, p= 0.035, respectively) and positive correlation between the INL thickness (µm) and native thiol/total thiol ratio (r= 0.359, p= 0.047).Conclusion: Early changes in retinal layers in patients with DM were associated with thiol–disulfide homeostasis. Administration of therapeutic supplements may aid in the management of low thiol concentrations; this increases the importance of the study findings.

scholarly journals Trends in Diabetes Mortality in Urban and Rural China, 1987–2019: A Joinpoint Regression Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binbin Su ◽  
Yiran Wang ◽  
Yanhui Dong ◽  
Gang Hu ◽  
Yike Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Health Statistics ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Diabetes Mortality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Joinpoint Regression Analysis

PurposeDiabetes mellitus is emerging as an epidemic worldwide, and the incidence and prevalence of diabetes have drastically changed in China over the past 30 years, but data on its mortality rate are scarce. This study aimed to analyze the time trends of mortality rates among patients with diabetes in the rural and urban population in China between 1987 and 2019.MethodsThe research data come from China’s annual report on national health statistics and the Chinese Health Statistics Yearbook. Age-standardized mortality rates were calculated by using the direct method based on the World Standard Population from the WHO. Joinpoint regression analysis was employed to estimate the annual percent change and average annual percentage changes of mortality rates of diabetes mellitus.ResultsAn overall trend for increment in diabetes mortality was observed. The crude mortality rates and age-standardized mortality rates of diabetes for urban and rural residents in China showed a significant increasing trend between 1987 and 2019. Mortality due to diabetes in urban areas has been higher than in rural areas for 30 years. However, due to the rapid increase of rural diabetes mortality in the past decade, the gap between the two gradually narrowed. The age-standardized mortality rates of diabetes increased by about 38.5% in urban areas and 254.9% in rural areas over the whole study period. In addition, the age-standardized mortality rate of females with diabetes was higher than that of males, but this pattern began to change in urban areas in 2012. Finally, the age-standardized mortality rates in the elderly population in China are higher with a faster growth rate, especially in rural areas.ConclusionThe mortality rate of diabetes is on the rise in China. The rapid growth of the mortality rate of diabetes in rural areas leads to the reduction of the urban–rural gap. Male mortality rates in urban areas have surpassed those of women. At the same time, the mortality rate of diabetes showed obvious elder-group orientation. As China’s population ages, the burden of death and disability caused by diabetes and its complications will continue to increase. These results indicate that diabetes has become a significant public health problem in China. Such an effect increases the demand for strategies aimed at the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus. In addition to the prevention and intervention of diabetes in high-risk groups, it is also necessary to establish diabetes screening networks to identify patients with mild symptoms. Early detection and timely intervention can effectively reduce the incidence and mortality of diabetes.

scholarly journals P111: Presentations for hypoglycemia associated with diabetes mellitus to emergency departments in a Canadian province: a database and epidemiological analysis

CJEM ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
pp. S115-S115
Author(s):  
C. Alexiu ◽  
S. Jelinski ◽  
A. Chuck ◽  
B.H. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Administrative Database ◽  
Average Length Of Stay ◽  
Using Data

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major chronic disease. Prevalence of diabetes was 9% globally in 2014 and 9.3% in Canada and 7.2% in Alberta in 2015. Complications of the disease are numerous and frequent. Hypoglycemia is one complication of diabetes treatment. The objective of this study was to quantify and characterize presentations by adults to Alberta emergency departments (EDs) for hypoglycemia associated with type 1 (T1DM) or type 2 (T2DM) diabetes. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data for Alberta for a five-year period (fiscal years 2010/11-2014/15). Data were sourced from an administrative database: National Ambulatory Care Reporting System (NACRS). Records of interest were those with an ICD-10-CA diagnosis of DM-associated hypoglycemia (i.e., E10.63, E11.63, E13.63, or E14.63). A descriptive analysis was conducted. Results: Data extraction yielded 7,835 presentations by 5,884 patients. The majority of presentations were by males (56.2%) and median patient age was 62. These episodes constituted 0.08% of presentations to Alberta EDs and they occurred at an event rate of 0.67 episodes per 100 patient-years (95% CI: 0.66-0.69). The annual rate of presentations decreased by 11.8% during the five-year period. Most presentations (63.4%) involved transportation to the ED via ambulance. Relative to LOS for ED presentations for all reasons, average length-of-stay (LOS) was 3.2x longer and 1.4x longer for discharged and admitted patients, respectively. For 27.5% of presentations, an X-ray was obtained. Most hypoglycemic episodes (65.2%) were considered to be of moderate severity while 34.3% were considered to be severe. None were mild because all involved access to an ED. The condition mainly (absolute terms) afflicted people with T2DM and urban areas; however, it disproportionately afflicted people with T1DM and rural areas. Conclusion: For a condition that is largely preventable with effective blood glucose management, DM-associated hypoglycemia incurs significant healthcare resource use. People with DM would be better served with more effective and safer euglycemic agents.

scholarly journals Hypovitaminosis D in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Relation to Disease Control and Complications

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hala Ahmadieh ◽  
Sami T. Azar ◽  
Najla Lakkis ◽  
Asma Arabi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Microvascular Complications

Aims. This study aims at assessing the relationship between 25 (OH) vitamin D (25-OHD) levels and microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Methods. 136 patients (59 ± 11 years) with DM2 (disease duration 8.6 ± 7 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometric data, HbA1c, 25-OHD levels, serum creatinine, and urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio were collected. Dilated retinal exam was performed, and diabetic neuropathy was assessed using the United Kingdom Screening Score. Results. Serum 25-OHD correlated negatively with HbA1c (r=-0.20,  P=0.049). Mean 25-OHD levels were lower in subjects with diabetic retinopathy compared to those without retinopathy (12.3 ± 5.5 versus 21.8 ± 13.7, P<0.001) and lower in subjects with diabetic neuropathy compared to those without neuropathy (16.4 ± 10.4 versus 23.5 ± 14.5, P=0.004). After adjustment for BMI, diabetes duration, and smoking, 25-OHD was an independent predictor of HbA1c (β  −0.14; P=0.03). After adjustment for HbA1c, age, smoking, BMI and disease duration, 25-OHD were independent predictors for diabetic retinopathy: OR 2.8 [95% CI 2.1–8.0] and neuropathy: OR 4.5 [95% CI 1.6–12] for vitamin D < 20 versus vitamin D ≥ 20 ng/mL. Conclusion. Low serum 25-OHD level was an independent predictor of HbA1c, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic retinopathy in patients with DM2.

scholarly journals Urban–rural differences in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among 25–74 year-old adults of the Yangon Region, Myanmar: two cross-sectional studies

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e020406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai Phyo Aung ◽  
Aung Soe Htet ◽  
Espen Bjertness ◽  
Hein Stigum ◽  
Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Undiagnosed Diabetes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Who Steps Methodology ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Educational Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between urban–rural location and the occurrence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the Yangon Region, and to estimate the proportion of urban and rural participants already diagnosed with DM, and of those, the proportion under treatment and under control.DesignTwo cross-sectional studies, using the WHO STEPs methodology.SettingThe Yangon Region of Myanmar, urban and rural areas.ParticipantsMen and women, aged 25–74 years, included during the study period from September–November 2013 (urban) and 2014 (rural areas) (n=1372). Institutionalised people, physically and mentally ill person, monks and nuns were excluded.ResultsThe age-standardised prevalence of DM was 12.1% in urban and 7.1% in rural areas (p=0.039). In urban areas, the prevalence of DM was lowest in the highest educational groups (p<0.001). There were no differences in DM prevalence between gender or income levels. In rural areas, those who were physically inactive had a low intake of fruit and vegetable and were overweight/obese had a higher DM prevalence than others. In a logistic regression, the OR for DM in rural compared with urban areas was 0.38 (0.22, 0.65), adjusted for sociodemographic variables and behavioural risk factors. In urban areas, 43.1% of participants had the experience of receiving blood glucose measurements by a doctor or health worker, and 61.5% of all cases of DM were already diagnosed, 78.7% were under treatment and 45.8% were under control. The corresponding proportions in rural areas were 26.4%, 52.4%, 78.1% and 32.0%, respectively.ConclusionThe prevalence of DM in the Yangon Region was high, and significantly higher in urban than in rural areas. More health services are needed to serve this population with a large proportion of undiagnosed diabetes. Preventive measures to halt and reduce the prevalence of DM are urgently needed.

Bushmeat consumption in the West African Sahel of Burkina Faso, and the decline of some consumed species

Oryx ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel M. Hema ◽  
Valy Ouattara ◽  
Gnoumou Parfait ◽  
Massimiliano Di Vittorio ◽  
Djidama Sirima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Multidisciplinary Study ◽  
The Common ◽  
Bushmeat Trade ◽  
People’S Perceptions

AbstractTo explore the patterns of bushmeat trade in the Sahel we carried out a multidisciplinary study, focusing on Burkina Faso. We conducted baseline interview surveys to examine the variation in people's perceptions of bushmeat in relation to their place of residence (urban vs rural), sex and age. We also analysed the long-term (1985–2010) population dynamics of two ungulate species, the oribi Ourebia ourebi and the common duiker Sylvicapra grimmia, known to be among the main targets of the bushmeat trade locally. For the antelopes we chose as our study area a protected area (Nazinga Game Ranch) where poaching activities occur and are likely to represent a threat to the local wildlife. The results of the interviews underlined significant differences in bushmeat consumption between rural and urban areas. In particular, the probability of finding people who did not consume bushmeat increased in the urban area, where bushmeat is less available than in the rural areas. Sex and age did not have any effect on people's perceptions of bushmeat. In Burkina Faso bushmeat is still widely consumed, and this could be because the bushmeat trade is poorly controlled, with a lack of enforcement of the legislation. Long-term field surveys revealed that the oribi and the common duiker have declined significantly in Nazinga Game Ranch, suggesting that the bushmeat trade in Burkina Faso may have negative consequences in terms of the conservation outlook for these species.

scholarly journals Comparing knowledge of diabetes mellitus among rural and urban diabetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ayaz Sabri ◽  
Muhammad Ahad Qayyum ◽  
Naif Usman Saigol ◽  
Khurram Zafar ◽  
Fawad Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Question Survey ◽  
Awareness Level

A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the awareness of diabetes mellitus among rural and urban diabetics. After analyzing the awareness level of both populations, the urban diabetics were found to be more educated about diabetes. A 25-question survey was used to judge the awareness level of diabetes mellitus. A total of 240 diabetics were surveyed, 120 each from rural and urban areas. The mean awareness among the rural population was 13 (SD± 2) correct answers out of a possible 25. Similarly, in the case of the urban diabetics the mean awareness was 18 (SD± 2) correct answers. The survey was conducted on randomly chosen diabetics belonging to Lahore and Faisalabad, (urban areas), as well as Habibabad, Haveli Koranga and Baba Kanwal (rural areas). The results emphasize the interrelation between demography and awareness of diabetes mellitus. The rural diabetics are far less knowledgeable about diabetes mellitus, its management and its complications. Thus, there is an urgent need to improve the awareness level of diabetes mellitus in rural areas. Doing so will give rise to a healthier workforce and a lessened economic burden on Pakistan.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN NEWLY DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukund Ganeriwal ◽  
Mahendra Sawarkar ◽  
Shriram Kane
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
High Association ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Level Of Risk

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is defined or described as a group of metabolic disorders  which is characterized by a high blood sugar level over a prolonged period. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is described as insulin resistance, clusters of abnormalities including abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, increased triglycerides, and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). For the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome there are different diagnostic criteria. According to WHO modified criteria metabolic syndrome is defined as a presence of diabetes and e”2 of the following: 1) BMI >30 kg/m2 or Waist hip ratio>0.9 for men, >0.85 for women. 2) TG e”150 mg/dl or HDL. 3) BP e”140/90 mm Hg or on medication. According to the studies people having diabetes mellitus, at least 65% were associated metabolic syndrome die of some form of heart disease or stroke. So it is necessary to investigate a newly detected diabetes mellitus for signs of the metabolic syndrome so that complications can be prevented. One of the study showed that in India there is a highest increase in the population with diabetes from 19 million in 1995 to 66.8 million in 2015 and which is predicted to increase to 123.5 million by 2040. The prevalence rate of diabetes in urban areas is about 9% and the prevalence in rural areas has also increased to around 3% of the total population. According to the data of Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) people without metabolic syndrome had the lowest risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) whereas people with metabolic syndrome had an intermediate level of risk, and those with diabetes had the highest level of risk. Aim: The main aim of this study is to find prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in newly diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus. Material and methods: Total 100 patients were included in this study in which 80 were male and 20 were females with recently diagnosis as diabetes mellitus within 6 months prior to the date of presentation. From all the patients detail history was collected and other risk and associated factors. For all the patients detailed clinical examinations, including weight in kg, height in cm, body mass index (BMI) (weight in kg/height in m2) were recorded. Result: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among 100 study participants was found to be 70.0%. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was found to be highest in the age group of 35 -45 years (65.4%).The mean value of FBS in the metabolic syndrome group was 178 mg/dl; post prandial blood sugar mean value was 250 mg/dl. Out of cases 100 cases with TG>150, 92 had metabolic syndrome (92%). In this study, 65 % of the cases with the criteria for WC, WC > 90 cm for males and >80 cm for females had metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Therefore in this study showed that diabetes significantly increases the risk for metabolic syndrome. Low HDL-C and evaluated TGs were seen to be associated with most cases of metabolic syndrome. Diabetic patients with morbid obesity, WC and central obesity have a high association with metabolic syndrome. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Metabolic Syndrome, triglycerides obesity

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