scholarly journals Finely dispersed salt particles morphometric properties obtained by carnallite solutions spray drying

2021 ◽  
Vol 2094 (4) ◽  
pp. 042096
Author(s):  
A M Ignatova ◽  
G Z Feinburg ◽  
M N Ignatov
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Distinguishing Characteristic ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Environment Effects ◽  
Cave Environment ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Finely Dispersed Powder ◽  
Compact Shape

Abstract Currently, there is no consensus on the salt caves aero ionic environment effects mechanism on the human body, however, there is physiotherapy a separate type, based on such exposure health-improving effect, known as speleotherapy. To recreate the salt cave environment aero ionic composition, a halo chamber is used. To reduce their cost, recreating the air environment methods by contacting flowing air means with carnallite rock finely dispersed powder and dry and wet aerosols generators have been developed. When implementing these methods, both the powder obtained directly by crushing the rock and the powder obtained by salt solutions evaporation drying can be used. The study aim is to reveal finely dispersed salt particles morphometric properties obtained by carnallite solutions spray drying based on different dispersion raw materials. It has been established fine salt particles those morphometric properties obtained by spray drying of carnallite solutions based on different dispersion raw materials differ in average size, sphericity factor, topography character and chemical composition. Particles formed by solution evaporation on the macro disperse raw materials (3-5 mm) basis have larger size, smaller fractional range, more compact shape and relief characterized by multifractality. At the same time, solution-based particles from macro disperse raw materials contain more impurities. Particles a distinguishing characteristic from solution-based lumpy raw materials is the potassium cluster distribution on the surface.

scholarly journals A fine desintegration of plants suitable for composite biofuels production

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Souček ◽  
I. Hanzlíková ◽  
P. Hutla
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Input Material ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Average Size

In case of pressed composite biofuels production the important part of the production process is the input row materials disintegration. In dependence on disintegrated material properties, disintegration device, grinding stage and technological process there is in practice necessary for disintegration of culm materials 0.5–7% and of wooden species even 0.75–10% of total energetical content of material. A wide range of these figures means that in this sphere of raw materials adaptation can be reached relative high savings through correct choice of technological process and device. The authors of the paper have measured energy consumption of fine disintegration of lignocellulose materials in dependence on particles size and moisture. By the realized measurement of different average size of both input and output particles and consequent statistical evaluation was proved the fiducial energy consumption increase at higher stage of disintegration and higher moisture of the input material. All measurements were carried-out for the grinding mill ŠK 300 and the output particles size was limited by the exchange sieves mesh dimension.

scholarly journals Effect of fermented rice bran flour in artificial feed on survival rate and feed conversion ratio of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-276
Author(s):  
Surianti Surianti ◽  
Hasrianti Hasrianti ◽  
Wahyudi Wahyudi ◽  
Muh Irwan
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
A Value ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Average Size

Tilapia cultivation has the potential to be developed in Indonesia, especially in South Sulawesi. However, the obstacle faced in tilapia cultivation is feed; the price is relatively high because the raw materials are still imported. One of the efforts to overcome dependence on imported feed raw materials is using local raw materials, namely rice bran. This study aims to determine the best type of probiotic in hydrolyzing rice bran flour into artificial feed on survival and conversion ratio of tilapia fish feed. This research was conducted in Sidenreng Rappang Regency. The test animals used were tilapia larvae with an average size of 1.03 g. The maintenance container is a tarpaulin pond with a size of 1 m x 1 m x 1 m filled with 85 L of freshwater. The study was designed using a completely randomized design consisting of four treatments and three replications. The fermenting materials used as treatment were Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Aspergillus nigers, Yeast (Acetobacter). The test feed was given to 20 tilapia larvae stocked in each container for 60 days of rearing. The survival data and feed conversion ratio for tilapia were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that tilapia fed fermented rice bran feed using the fermenter Lactobacillus sp. had a significant effect on survival (SR) with a value of 85% and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of tilapia with a value of 2.23.

Preparation of Nanoscale CuO Powders

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1770-1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Hua Zhao ◽  
Min Xu
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Muffle Furnace ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Direct Precipitation ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Scherrer Formula ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Direct Precipitation Method

Cu(OH)2 precursor was synthesized by direct precipitation method and CuSO4 and NaOH were used as raw materials. Then, Cu(OH)2 precursor was calcined in muffle furnace at 400°C for 2h in order that CuO particle was obtained. Through the analysis of the factors affecting the CuO, the paper determined the optimum conditions for the synthesis of nano-CuO with the direct-precipitation method. Then the paper analyzed phase composition and crystal structure of samples using XRD and calculated the average grain size of samples by Scherrer formula, and observed and analyzed by TEM to characterize the morphology and particle size of samples. The optimum precipitation conditions are as follows: when the precipitation agent is 3.2:1, reaction time 40min and precipitant concentration 0.6mol.L-1. The average size of CuO particle prepared under the conditions is 18nm and the yield is 96%.

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanometer Copper Ferrite by Auto-Combustion

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 3472-3476
Author(s):  
Guang Xiu Cao ◽  
Tian Liu ◽  
Qing Hong Zhang ◽  
Hong Zhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Copper Nitrate ◽  
Copper Ferrite ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Auto Combustion ◽  
Average Size

A simple method for preparing nanoscale copper ferrite particles with narrow distribution and uniform size was developed by auto-combusting the precursor using copper nitrate, iron nitrate, and malic acid as raw materials. The constituents and the thermal decomposition process of the precursor were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermogravimetry-differental thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the carboxyl and nitrate ion take part in the reaction during the auto-combustion process. The precursor decomposed completely at about 199 °C, to yield single phase product. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that the average size of the as-burnt sample was about 90 nm.

Study on the Preparation and Particle Size Control of Silica Sphere in a Sol-Gel Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Ying Qiu ◽  
Shu Chun Hu ◽  
Jing Zhai ◽  
Zhi Jian Lin ◽  
Wen Feng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Silica Sphere ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Average Size

Silica sphere has wide applications not only in the field of physical chemistry dealing with dynamic behavior and stability of particulate systems, but also in industries including catalysts, ceramics, pigments, pharmacy, etc. However, the control on the particle size is a key factor in the preparation process of silica sphere. In this paper, silica sphere with uniform sphere morphology and amorphous structure was prepared by a sol-gel method, and the control of particle size was emphatically studied. The results showed that the particle size of the as-prepared silica sphere was obviously influenced by the raw materials concentration. The average size of the product increased from 0.66 μm to 0.90 μm when ethanol concentration increased from 7.14M to 9.55M, increased from 0.50 μm to 0.90 μm with the increase of ammonia concentration in the range of 1.88M to 2.36M, and increased from 0.47 to 0.90 μm while tetraethoxysilane concentration increased from 0.08M to 0.11M. Further study indicated that the silica particle size was also influenced by reaction temperature, it increased with the increase of temperature from 26°C to 28°C, and decreased with the further increase of temperature in the scope of 28°C to 32°C.

Microwave Assisted Carbothermal Reduction Synthesis of Nano-Sized LiFePO4/C

2011 ◽  
Vol 197-198 ◽  
pp. 1139-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Lin Jia ◽  
Mei Pin Ma ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Li Tian ◽  
Xiao Peng Mo
Keyword(s):  
Carbothermal Reduction ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Diffraction Field ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Particle Sizer ◽  
Average Size

LiFePO4/C nano-particles were synthesized by microwave assisted carbothermal reduction method, using LiOH•H2O,FePO4•2H2O and sucrose as raw materials. LiFePO4/C samples with different particle sizes were prepared by heating at different temperatures in an industrial microwave oven. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, laser particle sizer analysis and electrochemical performance test. The results showed that the average size of samples is about 100 to 300 nm. The first discharge capacity decreased with the increase of temperature. The LiFePO4/C particles prepared at temperature of 700°С for 15 min exhibited the best capacity of 156.9mAh/g at 0.2C rate, and had just ~6% capacity loss after 50th cycles.

Simple Preparation of Well-Dispersed Nanosized α-Fe2O3

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
Yu Ping Tong ◽  
Chen Zheng ◽  
Chao Li Yu ◽  
Xin Yue Fang ◽  
Yong Qiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Absorption Peak ◽  
Broad Absorption ◽  
Broad Absorption Peak ◽  
Dispersed Particles ◽  
Simple Preparation ◽  
Average Size

Well-dispersed α-Fe2O3 nanocrystalline was prepared by a convenient self-propagation combustion method using low-toxic glycine as fuel, low-cost Fe (NO3)2·9H2O as raw materials. The XRD results indicate that the glycine doses have an important effect on the control of the average size and the order of the crystalline phase. The UV-vis results indicate that the α-Fe2O3 nanocrystals prepared by this method have a broad absorption peak whose center is at about 221 nm. TEM images revealed that the products were composed of well-dispersed particles with an average size about 35 nm.

Microstructure of In Situ Al3Ti0.4Zr0.6p/Al Fabricated with Electromagnetic Field

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 2280-2283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui Rong Li ◽  
Xun Yin Zhang ◽  
Yi Nan Zhao ◽  
Fei Yuan ◽  
Ting Wang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Intermetallic Compound ◽  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Aluminum Matrix Composites ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Average Size

The K2TiF6,K2ZrF6powder and aluminum were selected as the raw materials to in situ synthesize the particulates reinforced aluminum matrix composites. During the fabrication process the electromagnetic field was imposed. The atomic ratio of Al/Ti/Zr in the particulates is determined as 3/0.4/0.6. The Al3Ti0.4Zr0.6is a new kind of intermetallic compound, some properties of which fall in between those of Al3Ti and Al3Zr. Electromagnetic field plays an important part in fining particles and promoting their uniform distribution. When the electromagnetic induced intensity is 0.05T the particles have 0.5-2μm average size and uniform distribution in matrix. The crystal grains of matrix resemble equiaxed ones. The average size of grains are nearly 100μm, 50μm and 25μm when the electromagnetic induced intensities are 0, 0.025T and 0.05T seperately.

scholarly journals Substitution of Canna edulis starch for a mixture of potato/cassava starch in the production of almojábanas

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 9341-9347
Author(s):  
Stalin Santacruz ◽  
Gabriela Cobo
Keyword(s):  
Specific Volume ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Resting Time ◽  
Sensory Analyses ◽  
Crumb Structure ◽  
Average Size ◽  
The Cost

Almojábana is a kind of food that varies in its composition depending on the geographical place where it is baked. In Ecuador, almojábana is based on cheese, wheat flour and Canna edulis starch. C. edulis planting has diminished, leading to a high cost of the starch and less availability on the market. The present work studied C. edulis starch substitution by a mixture of potato and cassava starches on the elaboration of almojábanas. Specific volume, crumb structure, textural properties and sensory analyses were used to find the best starch substitution. Mixtures of cassava and potato starch (25/75, 35/65, and 45/55) and starch dough resting time (10, 15, and 20 h) were investigated. Hardness, elasticity, chewiness, specific volume, average size cell, the number of cells per area and the total area of cells of almojábanas were determined. Results showed that a mixture of 25% potato, 75% cassava and 20 h resting time could substitute C. edulis starch in almojábana baking. The obtained almojábanas had different flavor compared to a control sample (based on C. edulis starch). Starch substitution reduced the cost of raw materials (starch) by 60%.

scholarly journals Features of metallurgy waste mainly processing with account for raw material contrast

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 02026
Author(s):  
Alexander Burdonov ◽  
Vyacheslav Barakhtenko ◽  
Konstantin Prokhorov ◽  
Yuri Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mineralogical Analysis ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
Fundamental Possibility ◽  
Material Contrast ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Finely Dispersed Powder

This work presents research studies of alumina-containing estimates formed during the production of aluminum on electrolyzers with self-burning anodes during technological operations at PJSC RUSAL Bratsk. Material from the territory of the electrolysis workshop, with a mark of ± 0, is a mixture of finely dispersed powder, 2.5 mm in size (on average 62.78% by weight) with pieces of material from 0.5 to 6 cm in size. , 26% by weight). As a result of the work, the particle size and chemical-metallurgical properties of an alumina-containing estimate were studied. During the research, the content of valuable components and impurities in the sample of various classes was determined. In the process of mineralogical analysis, two phases were identified in the products: dark, black-gray and light, grayish-white. It is proved that these phases have significant differences in the chemical composition of the feed. Spectroscopic studies showed significant differences in the colorimetric characteristics of the raw materials, which is a fundamental factor for the use of photometric separation. Based on preliminary studies on the separation of alumina-containing estimates by photometric separation, the fundamental possibility of purifying contaminated material from technological impurities has been established.

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