scholarly journals Evaluation of the Escherichia coli population in the intestinal microbiota of rattus wistar submitted to secondhand smoke and supplemented with prebiotics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Rafaela dos Santos Silva ◽  
Paula Marioto Perez ◽  
Hermann Bremer Neto ◽  
Rogeria Keller
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Smoking Control

AbstractMany chronic conditions, including smoking, have been shown to be associated with modifications in the gut microbiota and to remedy the effects of these changes, functional foods such as prebiotics have shown beneficial effects. The aim of this work was to evaluate changes in the bacterial population of Escherichia coli in the intestinal microbiota of rats submitted to passive smoke and to the supplementation of prebiotics incorporated into the basal diet. The animals were divided into: Control Group (CG) = basal diet; Smoking Control Group (GCT) = basal diet with exposure to smoking; Prebiotic Group (GP) = basal diet incorporated with 1g of Immunowall® per kg of diet; Prebiotic Tobacco Group (GPT) = basal diet incorporated with 1g of ImmunowallTM per kg of diet with exposure to smoking. The animals were exposed to the smoke twice a day for 180 days. The obtained data were analyzed through the nonparametric Kruklla-Wallis test. Bacterial populations were amplified by real-time PCR. The results of this study revealed a significant decrease (p = 0.04 and p = 0.01) in Escherichia coli population in the group of animals supplemented with prebiotics in the intestinal microbiota of rats exposed and not exposed to cigarette smoke reinforcing the modulating effect of potential pathogens on the intestinal microbiota by functional foods.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Lactobacillus Zeae on the Gut Health of Piglets Challenged with Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Wu ◽  
Yutao Shi ◽  
Yanyan Zhang ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Lijuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Biochemical Indicators ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Etec Infection

Abstract Background Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a common enteric pathogen that causes diarrhoea in humans and animals. Lactobacillus zeae LB1 has been shown to reduce ETEC infection to Caenorhabditis elegans and Salmonella burden in pigs. The present study was to evaluate the effects of L. zeae LB1 on the gut health of lactating piglets that were challenged with ETEC.Results Six-four 7-day-old piglets were assigned into 8 groups: 1) control group (basal diet, phosphate buffer saline); 2) CT group (basal diet + 40 mg/kg colistin); 3) LL group (basal diet + 1 × 107 CFU/pig/day LB1); 4) HL group (basal diet + 1 × 108 CFU/pig/day LB1); 5) ETEC group: (basal diet + ETEC challenged); 6) CT + ETEC group (basal diet + CT + ETEC); 7) LL + ETEC group (basal diet + 1 × 107 CFU/pig/day LB1 + ETEC); 8) HL + ETEC group (basal diet + 1 × 108 CFU/pig/day LB1 + ETEC). The trial lasted ten days including 3 days of adaptation. Several significant interactions were found on blood parameters, intestinal morphology, gene, and protein expression. ETEC infection disrupted the cell structure and biochemical indicators of blood, undermined the integrity of the intestinal tract, and induced oxidative stress, diarrhoea, intestinal damage, and death of piglets. The supplementation of L. zeae LB1 alleviated ETEC’s adverse effects by reducing pig diarrhoea, oxidative stress, and death, modulating cell structure and biochemical indicators of blood, improving the capacity of immunity and anti-oxidation of pigs, and restoring their intestinal integrity. At the molecular level, the beneficial effects of L. zeae LB1 appeared to be mediated by regulating functional related proteins (including HSP70, Caspase-3, NLRP3, AQP3, and AQP4) and genes (including RPL4, IL-8, HP, HSP70, Mx1, Mx2, S100A12, Nrf2, GPX2 and ARG1). Conclusions These results suggest that dietary supplementation of L. zeae LB1 improved the intestinal functions and health of piglets.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum 16 and Paenibacillus polymyxa 10 Against Clostridium perfringens Infection in Broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Gong ◽  
Baikui Wang ◽  
Yuanhao Zhou ◽  
Li Tang ◽  
Zihan Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Paenibacillus Polymyxa ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
No Production ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Protective Effects

This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Lactobacillus plantarum 16 (Lac16) and Paenibacillus polymyxa 10 (BSC10) against Clostridium perfringens (Cp) infection in broilers. A total of 720 one-day-old chicks were randomly divided into four groups. The control and Cp group were only fed a basal diet, while the two treatment groups received basal diets supplemented with Lac16 (1 × 108 cfu·kg−1) and BSC10 (1 × 108 cfu·kg−1) for 21 days, respectively. On day 1 and days 14 to 20, birds except those in the control group were challenged with 1 × 108 cfu C. perfringens type A strain once a day. The results showed that both Lac16 and BSC10 could ameliorate intestinal structure damage caused by C. perfringens infection. C. perfringens infection induced apoptosis by increasing the expression of Bax and p53 and decreasing Bcl-2 expression and inflammation evidence by higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS, and IL-10 in the ileum mucosa, and NO production in jejunal mucosa, which was reversed by Lac16 and BSC10 treatment except for IL-1β (P < 0.05). Besides, the two probiotics restored the intestinal microbiota imbalance induced by C. perfringens infection, characterized by the reduced Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and the increased Bacteroidetes at the phyla level and decreased Bacteroides fragilis and Gallibacterium anatis at the genus level. The two probiotics also reversed metabolic pathways of the microbiota in C. perfringens-infected broilers, including B-vitamin biosynthesis, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, and pyruvate fermentation to acetate and lactate II pathway. In conclusion, Lac16 and BSC10 can effectively protect broilers against C. perfringens infection through improved composition and metabolic pathways of the intestinal microbiota, intestinal structure, inflammation, and anti-apoptosis.

scholarly journals Sodium Humate And Glutamine Combined Supplementation Alleviate Diarrhea of Weaned Calves Via Alter Intestinal Microbiota And Metabolites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Wang ◽  
Yuanyi Du ◽  
Haotian Jia ◽  
Siqi Huang ◽  
Lei Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence ◽  
Combined Supplementation ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
Fecal Score

Abstract Background: Weaning is one of the most stressful periods that cause gastrointestinal tract dysfunction and diarrhea in calves. HNa and Gln were reported to exert beneficial effects on promoting growth performance, decreasing diarrhea incidence, and modulating intestinal microbiota in animals. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of HNa and Gln combined supplementation on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, serum parameters, intestinal microbiome, and metabolites of weaned calves.Results: In Exp. 1, 40 calves at 51±3 days of age with similar body weight (66.82±4.31 kg) were randomly assigned to 4 treatments fed with a basal diet (NC group), and a basal diet supplemented with 100 mL of 1%, 3%, or 5% HNa+1% Gln, twice daily, respectively. In a 21-day trial, calves on the 5% HNa+1% Gln group had higher ADG and lower fecal score and diarrhea incidence than those in the control group (P < 0.05). In Exp. 2, 20 calves at 51±3 days of age with similar body weight (69.37±6.28 kg) were randomly assigned to 2 treatments fed with a basal diet (NC group) and a basal diet supplemented with 100 mL of 5% HNa+1% Gln, twice daily (H+G group, the dose was obtained from Exp. 1). In a 21-day trial, calves supplemented with HNa and Gln had higher final BW and ADG, serum IgG concentration and GSH-Px and T-AOC activities, but lower fecal score, diarrhea incidence, as well as serum DAO, D-lac, TNF-α, and MDA concentrations compared to NC group (P < 0.05). Analysis of intestinal microbiota indicated that supplemented with HNa and Gln significantly increased the abundance of phyla Firmicutes and genus of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Olsenella, Ruminiclostridium 9, Howardella, and uncultured organism, whereas the abundance of phyla Bacteroidetes, genus of Helicobacter and Lachnoclostridium were decreased as compared with NC group. Moreover, untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed that supplemented with HNa and Gln altered 18 metabolites and enriched 6 KEGG pathways (primary fatty acid biosynthesis) compared to the NC group. Conclusions: This study showed that combined supplemented with HNa and Gln could decrease diarrhea of weaned calves, which may be associated with improved intestinal microbial ecology and altered metabolism profile.

scholarly journals Dietary Cold Pressed Watercress and Coconut Oil Mixture Enhances Growth Performance, Intestinal Microbiota, Antioxidant Status, and Immunity of Growing Rabbits

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Alagawany ◽  
Mohamed Abd El-Hack ◽  
Adham Al-Sagheer ◽  
Mohammed Naiel ◽  
Islam Saadeldin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
Cold Pressed

The present study assessed the effect of dietary supplementation with coconut oil (CNO), watercress oil (WCO), and their mixture as promoters of growth, antioxidant status, immunity, and intestinal microbiota in growing rabbits. A total of 120 rabbits were distributed into six groups (20 rabbits/group) receiving a basal diet without supplementation (G1) or diet supplemented with 2 g CNO (G2), 2 g WCO (G3), 0.5 g CNO plus 1.5 g WCO (G4), 1 g CNO plus 1 g WCO (G5), or 1.5 g CNO plus 0.5 g WCO/kg (G6). Live body weight and feed conversion ratio were significantly higher in the G4 and G5 groups than in the other groups. Superoxide dismutase activity and reduced glutathione concentration were significantly improved in the CNO or WCO diets. Supplemental CNO plus WCO at all tested levels produced the best lysozyme and complement 3 activities. Cecal lactobacilli, coliform, Enterobacteriaceae, and Clostridium spp. populations were lower in the group who received the 1 g CNO + 1 g WCO/kg diet than that in the control group. Dietary supplementation of 1 g CNO + 1 g WCO or 0.5 g CNO + 1.5 g WCO/kg had the potential to improve growth, feed utilization, antioxidant status, and immunity, and reduce cecal pathogenic bacteria in rabbits.

scholarly journals Dietary supplementation with tributyrin alleviates intestinal injury in piglets challenged with intrarectal administration of acetic acid

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (10) ◽  
pp. 1748-1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongqing Hou ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Dan Yi ◽  
Binying Ding ◽  
Xing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Injury ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Tributyrin (TBU) is a good dietary source of butyrate and has beneficial effects on the maintenance of normal intestinal morphology. The present study tested the hypothesis that dietary TBU supplementation could alleviate intestinal injury in the acetic acid (ACA)-induced porcine model of colitis. A total of eighteen piglets (25 d old) were randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups (control, ACA and TBU). The control and ACA groups were fed a basal diet and the TBU group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 0·1 % TBU. On day 15 of the trial, under anaesthesia, a soft catheter was inserted into the rectum of piglets (20–25 cm from the anus), followed by administration of either saline (control group) or ACA (10 ml of 10 % ACA solution for ACA and TBU groups). On day 22 of the trial, after venous blood samples were collected, piglets were killed to obtain mid-ileum and mid-colon mucosae. Compared with the control group, the ACA group exhibited an increase (P< 0·05) in lymphocyte counts, creatinine, PGE2, and malondialdehyde concentrations and diamine oxidase and inducible NO synthase activities in the plasma and lymphocyte density in the colon and a decrease in insulin concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activity, ileal villus height:crypt depth ratios and goblet cell numbers in the colon. These adverse effects of ACA were attenuated by TBU supplementation. Moreover, TBU prevented the ACA-induced increase in caspase-3 levels while enhancing claudin-1 protein and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA expression in the colonic mucosa. Collectively, these results indicate that dietary supplementation with 0·1 % TBU alleviates ACA-induced intestinal injury possibly by inhibiting apoptosis, promoting tight-junction formation and activating EGFR signalling.

Comparison of bacterial populations in bedding material, on teat ends, and in milk of cows housed in compost bedded pack barns

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Albino ◽  
J. L. Taraba ◽  
M. I. Marcondes ◽  
E. A. Eckelkamp ◽  
J. M. Bewley
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Bedding Material ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Total Bacteria

The objective of this study was to observe relationships among somatic cell count (SCC) and bacteria counts in milk, on teat ends of lactating cows, and in compost samples from the aerated layer of the compost bedded pack. Twenty-nine lactating cows were used in this study. Clinically mastitis cows were not selected for the trial. The correlation between total bacteria count (TBC) and Streptococcus spp. of teat end and hygiene score was (r = 0.49) and (0.44, P = 0.01), respectively. In addition, there was a positive correlation (0.40, P = 0.03) between TBC on teat ends and somatic cell score. When analysing bacterial populations on teat ends and in milk, there was a positive correlation (0.39, P = 0.03) between Escherichia coli at the teat end and coliform counts in milk and also a positive correlation (0.38, P = 0.04) between coliform counts at the teat end and milk. Furthermore, Streptococcus spp. counts on teat end were positively correlated (0.38, P = 0.04) with TBC in milk. Although correlations were observed between hygiene score and SCC with bacterial population, all correlations were moderate. Therefore, hygiene score was not an efficient tool to estimate bacterial populations on teat end and milk.

scholarly journals Modulation of Rat Cecal Microbiota by Administration of Raffinose and Encapsulated Bifidobacterium breve

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 784-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achmad Dinoto ◽  
Akarat Suksomcheep ◽  
Satoshi Ishizuka ◽  
Hanae Kimura ◽  
Satoshi Hanada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Bifidobacterium Breve ◽  
Cecal Microbiota

ABSTRACT To investigate the effects of administration of raffinose and encapsulated Bifidobacterium breve JCM 1192T cells on the rat cecal microbiota, in a preclinical synbiotic study groups of male WKAH/Hkm Slc rats were fed for 3 weeks with four different test diets: basal diet (group BD), basal diet supplemented with raffinose (group RAF), basal diet supplemented with encapsulated B. breve (group CB), and basal diet supplemented with both raffinose and encapsulated B. breve (group RCB). The bacterial populations in cecal samples were determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). B. breve cells were detected only in the RCB group and accounted for about 6.3% of the total cells as determined by FISH analysis. B. breve was also detected only in the RCB group by T-RFLP analysis. This was in contrast to the CB group, in which no B. breve signals were detected by either FISH or T-RFLP. Increases in the sizes of the populations of Bifidobacterium animalis, a Bifidobacterium indigenous to the rat, were observed in the RAF and RCB groups. Principal-component analysis of T-RFLP results revealed significant alterations in the bacterial populations of rats in the RAF and RCB groups; the population in the CB group was similar to that in the control group (group BD). To the best of our knowledge, these results provide the first clear picture of the changes in the rat cecal microbiota in response to synbiotic administration.

scholarly journals Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 299v Does Not Counteract Unfavorable Phytohemagglutinin-Induced Changes in the Rat Intestinal Microbiota

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (16) ◽  
pp. 5244-5249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Gross ◽  
Jessica Wildner ◽  
Arjan Schonewille ◽  
Jan L. W. Rademaker ◽  
Roelof van der Meer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Careful Evaluation ◽  
Probiotic Lactobacillus ◽  
Induced Changes

ABSTRACT Application of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in weaning feed has been suggested to stimulate intestinal epithelium maturation. In this study, PHA strongly affected the fecal bacterial population structure of rats. Escherichia coli overgrowth was not prevented by probiotic mannose-adhering Lactobacillus plantarum 299v. Therefore, use of PHA in weaning feed deserves careful evaluation.

scholarly journals Modulation of Immune Function in Rats Using Oligosaccharides Extracted from Palm Kernel Cake

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammd Faseleh Jahromi ◽  
Parisa Shokryazdan ◽  
Zulkifli Idrus ◽  
Rohollah Ebrahimi ◽  
Fatemeh Bashokouh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Pathogen Populations

To investigate the prebiotic and immunomodulatory effects of PKC extract (OligoPKC) a total of 24 male rats were randomly assigned to three treatment groups receiving basal diet (control), basal diet containing 0.5% OligoPKC, or basal diet containing 1% OligoPKC for four weeks. We found that OligoPKC had no significant effect on the tested growth parameters. However, it increased the size of the total and beneficial bacterial populations while reducing pathogen populations. OligoPKC increased the concentration of immunoglobulins in the serum and cecal contents of rats. It also enhanced the antioxidant capacity of the liver while reducing lipid peroxidation in liver tissue. OligoPKC affected the expression of genes involved in immune system function in the intestine. Therefore, OligoPKC could be considered a potential mannan-based prebiotic for humans and animals due to its beneficial effects on the health and well-being of the model rats.

scholarly journals Moringa oleifera Supplementation Improves Antioxidant Status and Biochemical Indices by Attenuating Early Pregnancy Stress in Beetal Goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Afzal ◽  
Tarique Hussain ◽  
Amjad Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Biochemical Indices

This study investigated the effects of supplementing different levels of Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) on antioxidant status and blood biochemical indices during early gestation in Beetal goats. A total of 30 goats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10) comprising control (basal diet without MOLP), the 1.6% MOLP supplemented group (basal diet + 1.6% MOLP), and the 3.2% MOLP supplemented group (basal diet + 3.2% MOLP). The experiment started 5 days before estrus synchronization and lasted till day 60 of gestation. The MOLP significantly increased plasma flavonoids in 1.6% as well as 3.2% supplemented group on days 40 and 60 of pregnancy, while total phenolic contents were observed to be higher in the 3.2% MOLP supplemented group throughout the experiment in comparison with the control group. The supplementation improved plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidant status (TOS) in contrast to the control group. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were enhanced in both supplemented groups, whereas catalase (CAT) activity was noticed to be significantly high in the 3.2% MOLP supplemented group. The protein contents were significantly elevated with 1.6 and 3.2% supplementation levels from day 40 to day 60 of the experiment. Plasma sugar level, carotenoids, progesterone profile, and hydrolytic (protease and amylase) enzymes activities were improved only when supplemented with 3.2% MOLP. The findings suggest that supplementing with 3.2% MOLP provides beneficial effects on early pregnancy stress in Beetal goats.

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