scholarly journals The Gastrointestinal Tract: an Initial Organ of Metabolic Hypertension?

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1681-1694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiming Zhu ◽  
Shiqiang Xiong ◽  
Daoyan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Gut Hormone

Hypertension is an important global public-health challenge because of its high prevalence and concomitant risks for cardiovascular and kidney diseases. More than 60% of the risk factors for hypertension are associated with metabolic disorders. Furthermore, many metabolic risk factors can directly cause the vascular dysfunction and the elevated blood pressure. Metabolic disorders not only increase the risk for hypertension but also participate in the development of hypertension. Thus, some types of hypertension induced by metabolic disturbances can be defined as metabolic hypertension. However, the pathogenesis of metabolic hypertension remains largely unknown. The gastrointestinal tract is a unique gate through which external food, metabolites, and microbes enter the human body. Thus, metabolism-related risk factors may affect blood pressure through the gastrointestinal tract and alter processes such as taste perception, mucosal absorption, gut hormone homeostasis, GI nerve activity, and gut microbiota. Meanwhile, gastrointestinal intervention through dietary approaches, gut microbiota modification, and metabolic surgery could profoundly improve or remit the vascular dysfunction and metabolic hypertension. It suggests that the GI tract could be an initial organ of metabolic hypertension. However, more clinical and basic studies are necessary to further validate this novel concept.

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiota Is Associated with Vascular Function and Blood Pressure Phenotypes in Overweight and Obese Middle-Aged/Older Adults (P21-024-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Johnson ◽  
Nicole Litwin ◽  
Hannah Van Ark ◽  
Shannon Hartley ◽  
Emily Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives The gut microbiota is emerging as an important regulator of cardiovascular health. Indeed, gut dysbiosis is increasingly being linked to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Aging and obesity are associated with the development of CVD largely due to the development of vascular dysfunction, namely endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the gut microbiota, blood pressure, and vascular function in aging overweight and obese individuals. Methods This cross-sectional study included fifteen overweight and obese (mean body mass index, BMI: 29.5; range: 25.8–37.0) middle-aged/older men and postmenopausal women (mean age: 53; range: 42–64 years). Blood pressure, arterial stiffness (augmentation index, AIx, and aortic pulse wave velocity, aPWV), and endothelial function (reactive hyperemia index, RHI) were assessed. Stool samples were collected for gut microbiota analysis using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Principal coordinates analysis and Pearson's correlations were performed to evaluate the relationship between the gut microbiota and measures of vascular function and blood pressure. Results Global gut microbiota phenotypes clustered most strongly by aPWV (groups separated by median value) as visualized by Non-Metric Dimensional Scaling plot of Bray-Curtis Distances (stress = 0.09; P = 0.07). Several bacterial taxa correlated with vascular parameters. For example, Bifidobacterium longum (r = 0.80, P < 0.001) and Akkermansia muciniphila (r = 0.56, P = 0.047) were positively correlated with RHI. Bifdobacterium bifidum (r = −0.61, P = 0.02) and Oxalobacter formigenes (r = −0.62, P = 0.02) were negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure. Interestingly, there was no significant clustering by BMI groupings (overweight vs. obese) or correlations between BMI and specific taxa. Conclusions These preliminary data suggest that the gut microbiota is linked to vascular dysfunction and increased blood pressure in aging overweight and obese individuals independent of BMI. Further data collection and analysis are currently underway to explore these relationships in a larger human cohort, and to explore underlying mechanisms through transferring of vascular phenotypes in humans to germ-free mice through microbiota transplantation. Funding Sources NIFA, USDA.

scholarly journals The Association of Serum Circulating Neuropeptide Q and Chemerin Levels with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1863
Author(s):  
Marta Pelczyńska ◽  
Aniceta Ada Mikulska ◽  
Krystyna Czyżewska ◽  
Paweł Bogdański ◽  
Teresa Grzelak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Total Muscle

The potential involvement of neuropeptide Q (NPQ) and chemerin (CHEM) in metabolic disorders is yet to be fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum concentrations of NPQ and CHEM and to establish their relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors among individuals with metabolic syndrome. A total of 66 patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and 83 healthy volunteers (non-MetS) underwent biochemical, blood pressure, and anthropometric measurements. The concentration of NPQ in the MetS group was significantly lower (0.47 (0.34 ; 0.54) vs. 0.52 (0.43 ; 0.60) ng/mL, p = 0.015) than in non-MetS, while there were no differences in CHEM level. In the entire study population, we observed several negative correlations between NPQ concentration and waist-hip ratio (WHR), visceral adipose tissue, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglycerides (TG) along with a positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total muscle mass, and CHEM. Moreover, a negative correlation was observed in the MetS group between NPQ and glycemia. CHEM showed no significant correlations with cardiometabolic risk factors in the study population. In a multiple regression model, the total muscle mass proved to be an independent factor determining NPQ concentration in the population (p < 0.00000001, R2adj = 28.6%). NPQ seems to protect against metabolic disorders correlated with obesity. Thus, it is worth considering NPQ level as a candidate protective biomarker of metabolic syndrome complications.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION AND DETERMINATION OF ITS RISK FACTORS IN KORANGRAPADY, UDUPI DISTRICT, COASTAL KARNATAKA, INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Steffi Veientlena ◽  
Prabu P
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Anthropometric Measures

Objective: Hypertension is a global public health problem that estimates about 4.5% of overall disease burden. It is a general health challenge in economically developing and developed countries. High blood pressure prevalence is increased from 11.2% to 28% (p<0.001) and 23–42.2% in rural and urban area according to the study done in Delhi for about 20 years. It is one of the important risk factors of cardiovascular disease, which is associated with morbidity and mortality. The aim was to identify the significant correlates of hypertension in a rural village in south India. Methods: Data were collected through a door-to-door survey among the residents of the village. Data collected was related to demographics and anthropometric measures. Blood pressure was measured with the help of the medical supervisor. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test for comparison between attributes. The potential hazard factor of hypertension was found by performing binary logistic regression model.Result: Of 299 participants considered for the study, 50 were hypertensive contributing to the overall prevalence of 16.72% with 95% confidence interval of 0.1292–0.2137, in which females have the prevalence rate of 17.8% and males with the prevalence rate of 15.5%. The study outcome identified education level, occupation, and family history of hypertension is the predicted risk factors.Conclusion: The high blood pressure prevalence is low and comparable with the studies conducted in other rural regions of India. More studies are, however, required to decide the appropriation and determinants of hypertension in different parts of this region.

METABOLIC SYNDROME AS A GERONTOLOGICAL PROBLEM (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2020 ◽  
pp. 479-487
Author(s):  
В. А. Карпин
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Tissue Sensitivity ◽  
Almost All

Метаболический синдром - это комплекс взаимосвязанных нарушений углеводного и жирового обмена, а также механизмов регуляции АД и функции эндотелия, в основе развития которых лежит снижение чувствительности тканей к инсулину. Следовательно, ведущим компонентом, патофизиологической основой и объединяющим фактором большинства симптомов, описываемых в рамках метаболического синдрома, является резистентность периферических тканей к действию инсулина, тесно коррелирующая с большинством метаболических нарушений. Необходимо подчеркнуть, что практически все составляющие метаболического синдрома являются установленными факторами риска развития сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Вероятность развития метаболического синдрома увеличивается с возрастом. В статье обсуждается возможность представления метаболического синдрома как геронтологической проблемы. Metabolic syndrome is a complex of interrelated disorders of carbohydrate and fat metabolism, as well as mechanisms for regulating blood pressure and endothelial function, which are based on a decrease in tissue sensitivity to insulin. Therefore, the leading component, pathophysiological basis and uniting factor of most of the symptoms described in metabolic syndrome is the resistance of peripheral tissues to the action of insulin, which is closely correlated with most metabolic disorders. It should be emphasized that almost all components of metabolic syndrome are established risk factors for developing cardiovascular diseases. The likelihood of developing metabolic syndrome increases with age. The article discusses the possibility of presenting the metabolic syndrome as a gerontological problem.

scholarly journals Walnuts and Vegetable Oils Containing Oleic Acid Differentially Affect the Gut Microbiota and Associations with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Follow-up of a Randomized, Controlled, Feeding Trial in Adults at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 806-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa M Tindall ◽  
Christopher J McLimans ◽  
Kristina S Petersen ◽  
Penny M Kris-Etherton ◽  
Regina Lamendella
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Feeding Trial

ABSTRACT Background It is unclear whether the favorable effects of walnuts on the gut microbiota are attributable to the fatty acids, including α-linolenic acid (ALA), and/or the bioactive compounds and fiber. Objective This study examined between-diet gut bacterial differences in individuals at increased cardiovascular risk following diets that replace SFAs with walnuts or vegetable oils. Methods Forty-two adults at cardiovascular risk were included in a randomized, crossover, controlled-feeding trial that provided a 2-wk standard Western diet (SWD) run-in and three 6-wk isocaloric study diets: a diet containing whole walnuts (WD; 57–99 g/d walnuts; 2.7% ALA), a fatty acid–matched diet devoid of walnuts (walnut fatty acid–matched diet; WFMD; 2.6% ALA), and a diet replacing ALA with oleic acid without walnuts (oleic acid replaces ALA diet; ORAD; 0.4% ALA). Fecal samples were collected following the run-in and study diets to assess gut microbiota with 16S rRNA sequencing and Qiime2 for amplicon sequence variant picking. Results Subjects had elevated BMI (30 ± 1 kg/m2), blood pressure (121 ± 2/77 ± 1 mmHg), and LDL cholesterol (120 ± 5 mg/dL). Following the WD, Roseburia [relative abundance (RA) = 4.2%, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) = 4], Eubacterium eligensgroup (RA = 1.4%, LDA = 4), LachnospiraceaeUCG001 (RA = 1.2%, LDA = 3.2), Lachnospiraceae UCG004 (RA = 1.0%, LDA = 3), and Leuconostocaceae (RA = 0.03%, LDA = 2.8) were most abundant relative to taxa in the SWD (P ≤ 0.05 for all). The WD was also enriched in Gordonibacter relative to the WFMD. Roseburia (3.6%, LDA = 4) and Eubacterium eligensgroup (RA = 1.5%, LDA = 3.4) were abundant following the WFMD, and Clostridialesvadin BB60group (RA = 0.3%, LDA = 2) and gutmetagenome (RA = 0.2%, LDA = 2) were most abundant following the ORAD relative to the SWD (P ≤ 0.05 for all). Lachnospiraceae were inversely correlated with blood pressure and lipid/lipoprotein measurements following the WD. Conclusions The results indicate similar enrichment of Roseburia following the WD and WFMD, which could be explained by the fatty acid composition. Gordonibacter enrichment and the inverse association between Lachnospiraceae and cardiovascular risk factors following the WD suggest that the gut microbiota may contribute to the health benefits of walnut consumption in adults at cardiovascular risk. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02210767.

scholarly journals Alteration of Gut Microbiota Relates to Metabolic Disorders in Primary Aldosteronism Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Qingyao Jiang ◽  
Zhihong Liu ◽  
Sikui Shen ◽  
Jianzhong Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Primary Hypertension ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Blood Potassium ◽  
Mannose Metabolism

PurposeThis study aimed to determine the relationships among gut microbiota, primary aldosteronism (PA), and related metabolic disorders.MethodsThe study enrolled 13 PA patients, 26 sex-matched primary hypertension patients, and 26 sex-matched healthy controls. Demographic and clinical characteristics such as age, body mass index (BMI), blood aldosterone–renin ratio, blood potassium, blood glucose, blood lipid parameters, and history of diabetes mellitus (DM) were compared between the three groups. The gut microbiota of each participant was examined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to demonstrate the relationship between gut microbiota and clinical characteristics.ResultsBMI and the percentage of DM in PA patients were higher than those in healthy controls (p &lt; 0.05), but not higher than those in primary hypertension patients (p &gt; 0.05). The gut microbiota of healthy controls and primary hypertension patients had a higher alpha diversity level than that of PA patients. PA patients had fewer short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing genera (Prevotella, Blautia, Coprococcus, Anaerostipes, and Ruminococcus) and more inflammation-associated genera (Megamonas, Sutterella, and Streptococcus) than healthy controls (p &lt; 0.05). The gut microbiota of PA patients was more inclined to encode microbial pathways involved in sugar metabolism, such as starch and sucrose metabolism and fructose and mannose metabolism. Blood potassium was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Romboutsia (R = −0.364, q = 0.023). Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was positively correlated with Romboutsia (R = 0.386, q = 0.015). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was negatively correlated with Blautia (R = −0.349, q = 0.030).ConclusionsThe alteration of gut microbiota in PA patients, especially bacteria and pathways involved in inflammation, SCFAs, and sugar metabolism, may be associated with chronic metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Patients with arterial hypertension associated with metabolic disorders: characteristics and therapeutic approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Yu V Zhernakova ◽  
G H Sharipova ◽  
I E Chazova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Antihypertensive Effect ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Target Level ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor

Arterial hypertension (AH) is associated with metabolic disorders in approximately 80% of cases. There is a pandemic of so-called new risk factors, such as insulin resistance and association with systemic type of hyperinsulinemia, abdominal obesity, hyperinsulinemia and a special type of dislipidemy, nowadays. Patients with AH associated with such metabolic disorders are at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. However, it is very difficult to achieve the target level of blood pressure in this category of patients. Usually, these patients should be treated using combination therapy at the beginning of the treatment. Drugs, which possess good antihypertensive effect, as well as an additional positive influence on metabolic parameters, for instance I2-imidazoline receptor agonists, can be used as the drugs of choice in combination with ACE inhibitorsor angiotensin II receptor blockersin this category of patients.

scholarly journals MENCEGAH DAN MENDIDIK MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PENYAKIT HIPERTENSI, DIABETES DAN ASAM URAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Juniarti Juniarti ◽  
Nazwirman Nazwirman ◽  
Lilian Batubara
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Know How ◽  
Early Risk ◽  
Education Needs ◽  
The Right ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Hypertension is a disease characterized by an increase in blood pressure that exceeds normal. Diabetes is a disease caused by metabolic disorders that occur in the organs of the pancreas with an increase in blood sugar and are at risk of other diseases. Uric acid is the result of the final metabolism of purines found in the cell nucleus and results in disturbances in the human body. A healthy lifestyle and healthy diet are the right choices to keep yourself free of hypertension, diabetes and gout. It is important to know and prevent disease early, so that education needs to be made about the symptoms, prevention, causes and treatment of the disease. The implementation of community service activities is the empowerment of the Mosque Prosperity Council and worshipers in Banjar Wijaya Tangerang housing by physical examination and counseling to be able to find early risk factors for hypertension, diabetes and gout. The result is the availability of hypertension, diabetes and gout data. People know the symptoms and signs of disease and know how to prevent disease.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study on prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors among rural adults in Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
T. K. Raja ◽  
T. Muthukumar ◽  
Anisha Mohan P.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Hypertension is one of the non-communicable diseases, which is an important global public health problem and also the most leading cause for cardiovascular disease in both developed and developing countries. The aim and objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and to assess the associated risk factors among adults of rural population.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was done on 225 study subjects, using systemic random sampling method at Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu. Results: The study included 225 participants of which 53% were male and 47% were female. The overall prevalence of hypertension among the study population was 26.2%. Risk among male was greater than female (OR=1.390). Factors like age, body mass index, diet, family history of hypertension had significant association (p<0.05) with hypertension. Conclusions: Regular screening for hypertension among adults should be done in the general OPD as well as in health camps so that they have a knowledge regarding their own blood pressure status. Among those who already have hypertension, anti -hypertensive drugs, timely blood pressure check-up, screening for cardio vascular diseases and self-care management of hypertension need to be promoted. 

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