scholarly journals The Components of the Intake and Output of Water in Weaned-lamb with Free Access to Drinking Water.

1973 ◽  
Vol 1973 (10) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Yasushi Asahida ◽  
Ko Mimura
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Free Access

Water intake and excretion, urinary solute excretion and some stress indicators in mink (Mustela vison): 2. Short-term response of adult males to changes in ambient temperature

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-H. Tauson
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Solute Excretion

AbstractQuantitative water intake and excretion, urinary osmolality and urinary excretion of Na, K and cortisol were studied in an experiment with nine adult male mink. The experiment comprised four periods each of 3 days, and ambient temperature (Ta) was increased from 5°C to 20 °C (periods 1 to 2) and, after an interval of 1 day, continued at 20°C and then decreased to 5°C (periods 3 to 4). Three different water supplies were given, namely E: extra water in the food, N: normal ad libitum water supply or R: restricted, free access to drinking water twice daily. Intake of metabolizable energy (ME) was calculated, and the water intake and excretion data were related to ME intake. The effect of Ta on quantitative water intake and excretion was evident, with the greatest response recorded when Ta was decreased. Intake of drinking water was highest at 20 °C, as well as the total water balance. The water supply had some, but not a profound, influence on water intake and excretion, with tendencies for reduced drinking water intake and water excretion in urine for R mink. Intake of ME decreased during period 3 at 20 °C and then increased when Ta was decreased to 5°C, which was reflected by an increased 24-h excretion of Na and K as well as an increased osmolality of the urine. Therefore, it was concluded that water intake and excretion were affected by combined effects of Ta and ME intake. Generally, it was shown that the mink responded rapidly to changes in Ta, and within 24 h significant effects of the change could be recorded for several of the traits studied.

scholarly journals Veterinary and sanitary characteristics of quail meat by feeding nanocrystalline cerium dioxide

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
V. Zotsenko ◽  
V. Dzhmil ◽  
D. Ostrovskiy ◽  
A. Andriichuk ◽  
T. Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Experimental Group

The unresolved problem of quail is feed stress and high sensitivity of poultry of this species to feed quality. To eliminate such consequences it is possible with the use of various biologically active feed additives. However, their introduction into the diet automatically raises questions about the quality and safety of the products for the consumer. The purpose of the research is to conduct a veterinary and sanitary assessment of the quality of quail meat for feeding NDC. The purpose of the research is to conduct a veterinary and sanitary assessment of the quality of quail meat for feeding NDC. The object of study were the quails of the Pharaoh breed, at the age of 24 were divided into two groups: experimental and control 30 heads each. The birds were kept in cages with free access to food and water. Quails of the experimental group were added to drinking water feed additive "Nanocerium" at a dose of 8.6 mg per liter of drinking water. Nanocerium feed additive is an aqueous dispersion of NDC with average nanoparticle sizes of 2–7 nm. Antemortem examination of quails of both groups revealed a satisfactory clinical condition of birds. The average weight of the gut carcass of quails of the experimental group was higher by 8.3% compared to the control. Examination of 20 carcasses of quails showed that they can be classified as first class. According to organoleptic parameters, quail meat is of good quality in veterinary and sanitary terms. Microbiological studies of quail meat indicate no effect of NDC in the applied doses on its bacterial contamination. Chemical parameters of meat (pH, aminoammonia nitrogen, volatile fatty acids during storage in the refrigerator) (5 days, t = 4–5 ° C) tended to increase and were within the normal range for fresh product. Tissue in quails of both groups was not detected. The biological value of quail meat in both groups was identical and no toxicity. Tasting evaluation of the broth and meat showed that NDC did not affect the studied taste. The obtained results show that the quails that received the feed additive "Nanocerium" with water according to the indicators of veterinary and sanitary examination are of good quality, which allows to use it in human food without restrictions. Key words: poultry, nanocerium, organoleptic evaluation, microbial contamination, biological value, tasting evaluation.

scholarly journals Uso de bebederos en las unidades académicas de Artes y Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Veracruzana, región Xalapa

UVserva ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
Krystal Dennice González Fajardo ◽  
Elizabeth Del Carmen Mil Cornelio ◽  
Nayeli Ortíz Cruz ◽  
Susana Sánchez Viveros ◽  
Edith Yolanda Romero Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Student Health ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Main Motivation ◽  
Health Occupations ◽  
Academic Units

En la Universidad Veracruzana (UV) se instalan bebederos para proveer agua potable de libre acceso a la comunidad, contribuyendo al estilo de vida saludable y la sustentabilidad. El éxito de esta intervención depende, en gran medida, de su aceptación por los usuarios. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el uso de los bebederos y algunos aspectos de su aceptación en población de las Unidades Académicas de Artes (UAA) y de Ciencias de la Salud (UACS) de la Universidad Veracruzana región Xalapa. El estudio fue transversal y descriptivo. Se aplicó un cuestionario diseñado exprofeso a una muestra por conveniencia del 10% de la población de ambas unidades académicas. Se encontraron diferencias en el uso de los bebederos entre la UAA y la UACS, siendo la primera donde se utilizan más estos dispensadores. La accesibilidad parece ser la mayor motivación de su aceptación, sin embargo se reportó desconfianza para su usoPalabras clave: promoción de la salud; agua potable; calidad del agua; salud del estudiante; estudiantes del área de la saludAbstractThe Universidad Veracruzana (UV) installs drinking fountains to provide free access drinking water to its community, contributing to the healthy lifestyle and sustainability. The success of this intervention depends to a large extent on its acceptance by the users. The objective of this study was to describe the use of drinking fountains and some aspects of their acceptance in population of the Academic Units of Arts (UAA) and Health Sciences (UACS) of the Universidad Veracruzana campus Xalapa. The study was cross-sectional and descriptive. A questionnaire designed on purpose was applied to a convenience sample of 10% of the population of both academic units. Differences were found in the use of drinking fountains between the UAA and the UACS, being the first where these dispensers are used most. Accessibility seems to be the main motivation for its acceptance, however, mistrust was reported for its use.Keywords: Health promotion; drinking water; water quality; student health; students; health occupations.

Chronotropic, Inotropic and Dromotropic Parameters of the Heart and Oxidative Stress in Rats Receiving High Doses of Fructose

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1250
Author(s):  
Esmat Radmanesh ◽  
Mahin Dianat ◽  
Narges Atefipour
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
High Doses

Background: Many risk factors, including nutritional ones, contribute to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Increased fructose consumption, for example, can lead to an increase in CVD risk factors, i.e. an increase in blood lipids and the development of insulin resistance. Materials and Methods: In the present study, Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups:  control group (free access to tap drinking water for seven weeks), and a group that received fructose 10% in drinking water for seven weeks, (n ═8 per each group). In all groups, before starting the test period and seven weeks after it, electrocardiogram was recorded by Power lab system. Unpaired t-test and two-way ANOVA were used for data analysis. Also, oxidative stress parameters were measured. Results: In the group received high doses of fructose, a significant reduction (P <0.05) was observed in the PR interval (P<0.001) and a significant increase (P<0.05) in the QTc interval. However, there was no significant change in the RR interval and the voltage of the QRS complex. A significant decrease in catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (P<0.05) and a significant increase (P<0.05) in malondialdehyde and lactate dehydrogenase were observed in the group that received fructose in comparison with the control group at the end of the experiment. Conclusion: According to our results, the chance of arrhythmias in the rats receiving high doses of fructose was possibly due to the increased oxidative stress in the healthy rats. [GMJ.2019;8:e1250]

scholarly journals Changes in the renal handling of urea in sheep on a low protein diet exposed to saline drinking water

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Meintjes ◽  
H. Engelbrecht
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Urea Excretion ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Urea Reabsorption

Previous trials have demonstrated that sheep on a low protein diet and free access to water, and sheep dosed with boluses of NaCl intraruminally also with free access to water, showed decreases in urea loss via the urine compared to control animals. We monitored urea excretion in sheep on a relatively poor protein diet when they were exposed to saline drinking water, i.e. they were unable to vary their intake of NaCl:water. Sheep on isotonic saline drinking water (phase 3) excreted significantly more urea via the urine (284 mM/day) compared to phase 1 when they were on non-saline drinking water (urea excretion = 230 mM/day) and phase 2 when they were on half isotonic saline drinking water (urea excretion = 244 mM/day).This finding was explained by the high glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 91.9 ℓ/day, compared to 82.4 ℓ/day (phase 1) and 77.9 ℓ/day (phase 2), together with a significantly raised fractional excretion of urea (FEurea) (51.1 %) during this phase, and was in spite of the significantly lower plasma concentrations of urea in phase 3 compared to phase 1. The FEurea probably results from the osmotic diuresis caused by the salt. There were indications of a raised plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) concentration and this would have opposed urea loss, as ADH promotes urea reabsorption. However, this ADH effect was probably counteracted to some extent by a low plasma angiotensin II concentration, for which again there were indications, inhibiting urea reabsorption during the phases of salt loading. As atrial natriuretic peptide both increases GFR and decrease sodium reabsorption from the tubule, it was probably instrumental in causing the increase in GFR and the increase in the fractional excretion of sodium (FENa).

scholarly journals Effects of feeding and short-term fasting on water and electrolyte turnover in female mink (Mustela vison)

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Wamberg ◽  
Anne-Helene Tauson ◽  
Jan Elnif
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Mustela Vison ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Percentage Recovery ◽  
Osmotic Pumps ◽  
The Mean

Daily (24 h) rates of water and electrolyte turnover were measured in a conventional balance study in ten adult female pastel mink (Mustela vison) given free access to a standard mink feed for a 1-week conditioning period, followed by a 4 d experimental period and a 2 d fasting period. Drinking water was available throughout. In addition, the completeness of urine collection and the fraction of urine collected with the faeces were determined using a new experimental technique based on 24 h recoveries of specific urinary markers such as tritiatedp-aminohippuric acid ([3H]PAH) or14C-1abelled inulin ([14C]IN) continuously delivered by small Alzet® osmotic pumps implanted intraperitoneally. During feeding the mean individual percentage recovery in urine of [3H]PAH released from tbe osmotic pumps ranged from 68 to 88% (median 78%). Tbe mean percentage of urinary [3H]PAH recovered from faecal collections was 6% (range 3–12%). In response to fasting the mean individual percentage recovery of [3H]PAH in urine ranged from 62 to 78% (median 68%). For urinary [14C]IN the mean percentage recoveries in fed and fasted animals were 79 and 63% respectively. Furthermore, during fasting, withdrawal of the supplies of dietary water caused a slight but insignificant (P = 0·17) increase in the daily intake of drinking water and, hence, the animals maintained their normal water balance by a dramatic reduction in urine excretion (P < 0·001). At the same time urinary solute excretion declined significantly (P < 0·001), due in part to the cessation of dietary electrolyte intake and in part to reduced formation of urea, whereas urinary osmolality decreased only moderately. The mean 24 h balances of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl and P were close to zero and only minor differences between the feeding and fasting periods were observed. When corrected for the measured inaccuracies in urine collection the balance data obtained in the present study represent useful reference standards for normally fed and fasted non-growing mink and, to some extent, useful guidelines for future studies in experimental animals.

scholarly journals Effects of Betaine Supplementation on Live Performance, Selected Blood Parameters, and Expression of Water Channel and Stress-Related mRNA Transcripts of Delayed Placement Broiler Chicks

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdulaziz Al-Sagan ◽  
Abdulaziz Al-Abdullatif ◽  
Elsayed O. S. Hussein ◽  
Islam M. Saadeldin ◽  
Saud I. Al-Mufarrej ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Betaine Supplementation

This study examined the effect of supplemental betaine on live performance, selected blood parameters, and gene expression of water channel proteins (Aquaporins, AQP) of broiler chicks delayed in placement for 48 h post-hatch. In total, 540 newly-hatched male broiler chicks were obtained from a local hatchery and were randomly allotted to one of five treatments with nine replicates per treatment (12 chicks per replicate). Chicks were either placed immediately, control; held for 48 h post-hatch with no access to feed or water, Holdnull; held for 48 h with free access to drinking water only, HoldW; held for 48 h with free access to drinking water supplemented with 1 ml per L of betaine solution (40% betaine), HoldB1; or held for 48 h with free access to drinking water supplemented with 2 ml per L of betaine solution (40% betaine), HoldB2 group. The results showed that post-hatch holding for 48 h depressed feed intake and body weight gain during the entire 15 d study period with no beneficial effect of supplemental betaine. Chicks in the HoldB2 group had elevated serum glucose, triglycerides, and aspartate aminotransferase 48 h post-hatch. Early water deprivation directly affected the brain proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and hepatic glucocorticoid receptors (GR) expression and induced significant changes in various aquaporins (AQP1, AQP2, AQP4, and AQP9). In conclusion, betaine supplementation to chicks held for 48 h post-hatch resulted in some changes in blood biochemical indices with no effects on performance during the first 15 days of life. The results suggest that betaine supplementation could ameliorate the stressful effects of water deprivation on POMC and GR expression and maintain cellular osmosis through interactions with variable aquaporins expression, particularly the AQP1 and AQP2. Further investigations are required to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the selective regulatory expression of different aquaporins in relation to betaine supplementation.

scholarly journals CARCASS WEIGHT OF BROILER GIVEN COCONUT MILKY JUICE AND BROWN SUGAR WATER AS DRINGKING WATER

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Tabita Naomi Ralahalu ◽  
C. Ch. E. Latupeirissa ◽  
Max A. Tukalpaly
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Brown Sugar ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Sugar Water ◽  
Voluntary Intake

To produce optimum carcass weight, broiler need an adequate ration which meet their nutrients requirement. This result in high feed cost which in turn increase cost of production. Therefore it is important to solve the problem by using non-conventional feedstuff such as agriculture by product or other ingredients.  The aims of this study were : 1). To examine the effect of giving coconut milky juice  and brown sugar water as drinking water on carcass weight and (2). To use by product of coconut milky juice  as drinking water. Experimental design used was complete randomized design, with three treatments and five replications. Each replication consists of  six chicken. The treatments were P0 (ration + plain water), P1 (ration + coconut milky juice (mature)) and P2 (ration + brown sugar water). Variables measured were: voluntary feed and drinking water intakes, carcass weight and percentage. Ration offered was commercial ration BR I produced by P.T Panca Patriot Prima Sidoarja. Chemical compositions of the ration were water content 12 %, minimum crude protein 21%, minimum crude lipid 6%, maximum crude fiber 5%,   energy 3065 kcal/kg, ash 6,5%, calcium 0.9 -1.1%, phospor 0.7 - 0.9%, antibiotic bacitracin Methylene, Disalcylate, Coccodistat Monensin. 90 DOC broilers strain CP 707 were used. An adaptation  period of 7 days allowed the animals to accustom to feed given and drinking water, and followed by 5 weeks measurement period. During the experiment the animals were fed twice daily at 07.00 and 16.00 h. The animal had free access to drinking water. The amount of drinking water and feed given was recorded daily. Drinking water and feed refusals were weighed every morning before the next feeding. Parameters measured were water and feed intakes, live and carcass weight, and carcass percentage. Drinking water and feed intakes were determined by subtracting  water and feed refusal from water and feed offered. Slaughtered weight were determined by weighing live animals after 10 hours fasting.  Carcass weight was determined by subtracting  non carcass  weight from slaughtered weight.  Analyses of variance were done using the General Linear Model (GLM). Least squares means and standard error were produced. Main effects were detected using LSD. Voluntary intakes were 1805.69 g, 1799.14 g, and 1806.66 g for P0, P1 and P2 respectively. The result shows that the treatments does not affect voluntary intake significantly (P > 0.05). However, broilers drank more (P < 0.05) coconut milky juice (mature) (P1/10287.2 ml), than plain water  (P0/9118.8 ml) or water contains brown sugar (P2/9081.8 ml).  Slaughter  and carcass weight of broilers are  1701.33 g,1849.40 g, 1847.27 g and 1263.87 g, 1386.00, 1379.90, for P0, P1 and P2 respectively.  Statistical analysis  show significant differences (P < 0.05) in slaughter and carcass weight among the treatments in which those parameters are higher for broilers received P1 and P2 than that of P0. Carcass percentage is the ratio of  slaughter  and carcass weight, which are 74.27%, 74.93 and 74.71 for P0, P1 and P2, respectively.  No differences in carcass percentage were obtained (P > 0.05) among the treatments. In conclusion, the present study has shown that giving 1 % brown sugar in drinking water and coconut milky juice (mature) as drinking water has no significant effect on voluntary intake and carcass percentage. However, giving brown sugar water and coconut milky juice (mature) affect drinking water consumption, slaughter and carcass weight.

scholarly journals Using automated supplementation systems to meet growth targets for grazing sheep

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Bowen ◽  
P. M. Pepper ◽  
J. L. Winkleman ◽  
R. C. McPhie ◽  
M. R. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Single Group ◽  
Whole Cottonseed ◽  
The Relationship

Remote drafting technology now available for sheep allows targeted supplementation of individuals within a grazing flock. This paper reports results of three experiments. Experiment 1 examined the weight change of Merino wethers allowed access to either lupin grain or whole cottonseed 0, 1, 2 or 7 days/week for 6 weeks. Experiment 2 examined the weight change of Merino wethers allowed access to either lupins or a sorghum + cottonseed meal (CSM) supplement 0, 2, 4 or 7 days/week for 8 weeks. Experiment 3 investigated the relationship between five allocations of trough space at the supplement self-feeders (5–50 cm/sheep) and the weight change of Merino wethers allowed access to lupins 1 day/week for 8 weeks. In all experiments, the Merino wethers had free access as a single group to drinking water and low quality hay in a large group pen and were allowed access to supplement once per day on their scheduled days of access. No water was available in the areas containing supplement, but one-way flow gates allowed animals to return to the group pen in their own time. There was a linear response in growth rate to increased frequency of access to lupins in Experiments 1 and 2, with each additional day of access increasing liveweight gain by 26 and 21 g/day, respectively. Similarly, the response to the sorghum + CSM supplement was linear, although significantly lower (P < 0.05), at 12 g/day. Providing access to whole cottonseed resulted in no significant change in growth rate compared with the control animals. In Experiment 3, decreasing trough space from 50 to 5 cm/sheep had no effect on sheep liveweight change. It was concluded that the relationships developed here, for growth response to increased frequency of access to lupins or a sorghum + CSM supplement, could be used to indicate the most appropriate frequency of access to supplement, through a remote drafting unit, to achieve sheep weight change targets. Also, that a trough space of 5 cm/sheep appears adequate in this supplementation system.

scholarly journals The effect of aspartame and sucralose intake on body weight measures and blood metabolites: role of their form (solid and/or liquid) of ingestion

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
M.E. Ragi ◽  
R. El-Haber ◽  
F. El-Masri ◽  
O.A. Obeid
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Access To Food

Abstract The ingestion of non-caloric sweeteners from food and/or drink was intended to reduce caloric intake without compromising palatability. However, the inconclusive relation between non-caloric sweeteners and body weight may partially relate to their form of ingestion (solid or liquid). Thus, two paralleled experiments (Aspartame and Sucralose) were conducted. In each, Sprague Dawley rats (7-week-old male) were randomly divided into 4 groups. In experiment 1, aspartame (0.05%) was added to the diet (AD) or drinking water (AW) or both diet and water (ADW), and a control group (C) was given a non-sweetened diet with plain water. In experiment 2, sucralose (0.016%) was similarly provided in the diet (SD) or drinking water (SW) or both diet and water (SDW), with a control group (C). All rats had free access to food and water for 7 weeks. Energy intake, body weight, and body composition were monitored and blood metabolites were determined. Results showed that aspartame ingestion significantly increased body weight and fat mass mainly due to an increase in energy efficiency. The effect was related to the amount rather than the form of ingestion. Additionally, aspartame ingestion was associated with glucose intolerance. Sucralose ingestion had a similar impact to that of aspartame though to a lesser extent. In conclusion, 7-week ingestion of aspartame and sucralose had adverse effects on body measures that were not related to the form of ingestion.

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