Meat Production and the Environment

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eystein Skjerve
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Contamination Of Soils ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
Regional Contamination ◽  
Soil And Water

During the coming decades changes in the global climate are likely to influence agriculture, including meat production, and may cause a shift in crop production and grazing areas. Regional contamination of soils and feed with heavy metals and organic chemicals, as well as radioactive contamination, might limit animal husbandry to certain regions. Conversely, meat production has a great impact on the environment, its effects ranging from destruction of vegetation and desertification in dry or cold regions to pollution of soil and water by manure in areas with intensive animal husbandry. A more environmentally sound animal husbandry should be promoted, but such a policy will in the immediate future raise conflicts about what is economically feasible and environmentally safe.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals in Suburban Ecosystems of Industrial Centres and Ways of their Reduction

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-212
Author(s):  
Nikolay Vladimirovich Onistratenko ◽  
Elena Anatolievna Ivantsova ◽  
Andrey Alexandrovich Denysov ◽  
Denys Anatolyevich Solodovnikov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Safe Food ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact

AbstractTechnogenic contamination of ecosystems is one of the main dangers of our time. In order to reduce the harmful effects of this contamination and to provide cost-effective and environmentally safe food production methods, we are forced to look for ways of reliable analysis of the environmental situation, the selection systems of animal husbandry and regulations for the degree of impact of pollutants on the elements of the agroecosystem. This article presents the results of studies aimed at assessing the plight of the environment of a large industrial centre, and its anthropogenic impacts on every element of the suburban ecosystems. It presents data on maintenance and migration of anthropogenous pollutants in the trophic chains of pasturable ecosystems of the suburb of Volgograd. The authors have listed the industrial enterprises as the key sources of pollution. The features of the distribution of xenobiotics in the tissues and organs of calves and heifers of different breeds were analysed in the study. Conclusions were drawn on the accumulation of heavy metals and arsenic in cattle, and the impact of this factor on the quality of production. A comparative assessment of the resistance of different breeds of cows to the action of toxicants in the environment of the Lower Volga region was carried out. Ways to decrease the impact of pollutants on the cattle organism have also been suggested. The article pays attention to the environmental pollution of the industrial centre, the influence of these processes on all elements of an ecosystem including humans, and offers ways to minimize the damage.

scholarly journals Nanotechnology As One of The Possible Solutions To The Problem of Civilization or Threat To Humanity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Increase Food Production ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
Near Future

Nanomaterials and nanotechnologies are used in almost all areas of agriculture: crop production, animal husbandry, poultry farming, fish farming, veterinary medicine, processing industry, agricultural machinery production, etc. The purpose of this article was to review the literature on the use of nanotechnology in agriculture, the risks and safety of using nanotechnology. The current generation of the world of 7.8 billion is expected to reach 8.6 billion in 2030, 9.8 billion in 2050 and 11.2 billion in 2100. This means that food security will require new systems for the production of food, water and energy. On the other hand, producing more food requires natural resources, land consumption, water supply. Thus, in the very near future, scientific research will be asked to present new paradigms and practices to solve highly complex and varied problems. Can the world's agricultural systems cope with global climate change! Nanotechnology is a fast-growing field that can advance agriculture and food processing with new tools that promise to sustainably increase food production and protect crops from pests. In recent years, nanotechnology has become one of the most important and exciting areas of knowledge at the forefront of physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering. It gives high hopes for quick breakthroughs and new directions in technical development in many areas of activity. Nanotechnology is a powerful technique that can be used to design and reassemble nature on an atomic and molecular scale. Nanotech is working to realize the ancient scientific vision of recreating the atom by manipulating matter on an atomic scale so that it is transformed into a range of new materials, devices, living organisms and technical systems.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL FOOD SPHERE OF THE SOUTHERN REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Zavhorodnii A.
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
State Support ◽  
Further Development

Global climate change factors and socio-economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic affect the current development of the agri-food sector of the Southern region of Ukraine. Agriculture is the main component of the agri-food sector. Economic development, food security of the region, living standards depend on agriculture. Crop and animal husbandry has a high level of development in the Southern region of Ukraine. The index of agricultural products has been fluctuating constantly in recent years. These oscillations have directions of decrease and directions of increase. However, the development of the agri-food sector has significantly decreased this year. The reason for the decrease is very negative climatic conditions, in particular, drought. Yields have fallen sharply, and companies are in a financial crisis. The state can help the affected enterprises and provide state support. Climatic and market conditions determine the need to adjust the development of the agri-food sector. New competitive varieties of grain are being introduced, which are able to ensure sustainable yields of high quality products in arid conditions of the steppe zone of southern Ukraine, work is being carried out on breeding highly productive breeds of sheep, sunflower hybrids are being created. It is important to introduce new cultures for the Southern region of Ukraine. Their cultivation should increase yields in arid climates. It is advisable to grow olives and make olive oil. The region has favorable conditions for growing peanuts, amaranth, saffron, sweet potatoes, chickpeas, asparagus, almonds. It is im-portant to improve the marketing component of traditional crops. The systematic implementation of the state policy of sustainable inno-vation and investment recovery and development with the involvement of public funds and resources of private business will contribute to ensuring the further development of the agri-food sector of the Southern region of Ukraine. The interaction between scientists, private enterprises, farmers, the state and other participants in ensuring the development of the agri-food sector on the basis of partnership is important. This interaction will help improve the implementation of the strategy for improving the agri-food sector. Similar trends will occur in the coming years. Comprehensive strategic reform of the agri-food sector of the southern region of Ukraine is necessary. This includes the improvement of traditional agricultural products. The introduction of innovations is crucial for further development. These measures will lead to the expansion of markets and economic growth.Keywords: agro-food sphere, agriculture, crop production, animal husbandry, viticulture, state support, innovations. Сучасний розвиток агропродовольчої сфери Південного регіону України обумовлений глобальними факторами зміни клімату та соціально-економічними наслідками пандемії COVID-19. Головною складовою агропродовольчої сфери є сільське господарство, яке має значний рівень розвитку в областях Південного регіону України. Протягом останніх років спостерігається щорічні коливання індексу сільськогосподарської продукції як у напрямках зменшення, так і збільшення показників. Однак, визначальні зміни у розвитку відбулись у поточному році, що обумовлене вкрай негативним впливом кліматичних умов на врожайність всіх основних сільськогосподарських культур та призвело до зменшення прибуткові кризового фінансового стану значної кількості господарств, які потребують державної підтримки для подальшого функціонування. Подібні тенденції будуть спостерігатись і в наступні роки, що вимагає комплексного стратегічного реформування агропродовольчої сфери Південного регіону України у напрямку удосконалення традиційної продукції, запровадження інновацій з метою розширення існуючих і формування нових ринків збуту. Ключові слова: агропродовольча сфера, сільське господарство, рослинництво, тваринництво, виноградарство, державна підтримка, інновації.

TERRITORIES RANKING OF BASHKORTOSTAN ON THE LEVEL OF FOOD PRODUCTS CONTAMINATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
R.A. Daukaev ◽  
T.K. Larionova ◽  
G.R. Allayarova ◽  
G.F. Adieva ◽  
S.R. Afon'kina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Mass Consumption ◽  
Heavy Metals Accumulation ◽  
The Republic

The article presents results of many years research into the contamination of the environment with heavy metals in various regions of Bashkortostan — a region with a high concentration of industrial production, a developed agricultural complex, and peculiar climatic conditions.We studied the contamination by metals of the main types of foodstuffs for mass consumption (vegetables, meat, milk) produced in the region and making up a substantial part of public food basket of the Republic. Sanitaryhygienic, chemical-analytical and statistical research methods were used. The results of the research allowed to establish chemical elements background levels typical for animal and plant products obtained in specific natural areas with a certain environmental situation, as well as to propose a system for territories ranking by the degree of heavy metals accumulation in animal husbandry and crop production.

Оrganic Meat Production of Broiler Chickens Hubbard Redbro Cross

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
The Impact

This article presents the results of studying the impact of housing and feeding conditions on broiler chickens of Hubbard RedBro cross, as well as the quality of products obtained when using floor and cage content, in a farm. It established that when receiving a mixed feed of own production using feed raw materials grown on a farm without the use of pesticides, a statistically significant decrease in potentially dangerous substances for animal health is recorded. Compared with factory feed, it has reduced the content of pesticides by 14 times, and mercury and arsenic by 24 times, cadmium by five times, and lead by ten times. The results of the study of economic indicators of growing Hubbard RedBro cross broiler chickens, as well as the chemical composition and quality of carcasses, indicated that there was no significant difference between the floor and cell conditions of keeping. Still, the use of a diet based on eco-feeds contributed to a statistically significant decrease in the concentration of toxic metals in the muscles of the poultry of the experimental groups. As a result, it found that the use of the studied compound feed in the diets of broiler chickens increased the indicators of Biosafety and ensured the production of environmentally safe ("organic") poultry meat products.

Deferring Crisis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Stewart Mauldin
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Shifting Cultivation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Antebellum South ◽  
Westward Expansion ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Land Use Practices ◽  
Ecological Regime

This chapter explores the ecological regime of slavery and the land-use practices employed by farmers across the antebellum South. Despite the diverse ecologies and crop regimes of the region, most southern farmers employed a set of extensive agricultural techniques that kept the cost of farming down and helped circumvent natural limits on crop production and stock-raising. The use of shifting cultivation, free-range animal husbandry, and slaves to perform erosion control masked the environmental impacts of farmers’ actions, at least temporarily. Debates over westward expansion during the sectional crisis of the 1850s were not just about the extension of slavery, they also reflected practical concerns regarding access to new lands and fresh soil. Both were necessary for the continued profitability of farming in the South.

scholarly journals Silicon Effects on the Root System of Diverse Crop Species Using Root Phenotyping Technology

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Pooja Tripathi ◽  
Sangita Subedi ◽  
Abdul Latif Khan ◽  
Yong-Suk Chung ◽  
Yoonha Kim
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Learning Technologies ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Wide Range

Roots play an essential function in the plant life cycle, as they utilize water and essential nutrients to promote growth and plant productivity. In particular, root morphology characteristics (such as length, diameter, hairs, and lateral growth) and the architecture of the root system (spatial configuration in soil, shape, and structure) are the key elements that ensure growth and a fine-tuned response to stressful conditions. Silicon (Si) is a ubiquitous element in soil, and it can affect a wide range of physiological processes occurring in the rhizosphere of various crop species. Studies have shown that Si significantly and positively enhances root morphological traits, including root length in rice, soybean, barley, sorghum, mustard, alfalfa, ginseng, and wheat. The analysis of these morphological traits using conventional methods is particularly challenging. Currently, image analysis methods based on advanced machine learning technologies allowed researchers to screen numerous samples at the same time considering multiple features, and to investigate root functions after the application of Si. These methods include root scanning, endoscopy, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional imaging, which can measure Si uptake, translocation and root morphological traits. Small variations in root morphology and architecture can reveal different positive impacts of Si on the root system of crops, with or without exposure to stressful environmental conditions. This review comprehensively illustrates the influences of Si on root morphology and root architecture in various crop species. Furthermore, it includes recommendations in regard to advanced methods and strategies to be employed to maintain sustainable plant growth rates and crop production in the currently predicted global climate change scenarios.

scholarly journals Response of altitudinal vegetation belts of the Tianshan Mountains in northwestern China to climate change during 1989–2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Lu-yu Liu ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Man Zhang ◽  
Cheng-bang An
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Tianshan Mountains ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Altitudinal Belts ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWithin the mountain altitudinal vegetation belts, the shift of forest tree lines and subalpine steppe belts to high altitudes constitutes an obvious response to global climate change. However, whether or not similar changes occur in steppe belts (low altitude) and nival belts in different areas within mountain systems remain undetermined. It is also unknown if these, responses to climate change are consistent. Here, using Landsat remote sensing images from 1989 to 2015, we obtained the spatial distribution of altitudinal vegetation belts in different periods of the Tianshan Mountains in Northwestern China. We suggest that the responses from different altitudinal vegetation belts to global climate change are different. The changes in the vegetation belts at low altitudes are spatially different. In high-altitude regions (higher than the forest belts), however, the trend of different altitudinal belts is consistent. Specifically, we focused on analyses of the impact of changes in temperature and precipitation on the nival belts, desert steppe belts, and montane steppe belts. The results demonstrated that the temperature in the study area exhibited an increasing trend, and is the main factor of altitudinal vegetation belts change in the Tianshan Mountains. In the context of a significant increase in temperature, the upper limit of the montane steppe in the eastern and central parts will shift to lower altitudes, which may limit the development of local animal husbandry. The montane steppe in the west, however, exhibits the opposite trend, which may augment the carrying capacity of pastures and promote the development of local animal husbandry. The lower limit of the nival belt will further increase in all studied areas, which may lead to an increase in surface runoff in the central and western regions.

scholarly journals Prioritization of Sub-Watersheds to Sediment Yield and Evaluation of Best Management Practices in Highland Ethiopia, Finchaa Catchment

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Wakjira Takala Dibaba ◽  
Tamene Adugna Demissie ◽  
Konrad Miegel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Soil And Water

Excessive soil loss and sediment yield in the highlands of Ethiopia are the primary factors that accelerate the decline of land productivity, water resources, operation and function of existing water infrastructure, as well as soil and water management practices. This study was conducted at Finchaa catchment in the Upper Blue Nile basin of Ethiopia to estimate the rate of soil erosion and sediment loss and prioritize the most sensitive sub-watersheds using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated using the observed streamflow and sediment data. The average annual sediment yield (SY) in Finchaa catchment for the period 1990–2015 was 36.47 ton ha−1 yr−1 with the annual yield varying from negligible to about 107.2 ton ha−1 yr−1. Five sub-basins which account for about 24.83% of the area were predicted to suffer severely from soil erosion risks, with SY in excess of 50 ton ha−1 yr−1. Only 15.05% of the area within the tolerable rate of loss (below 11 ton ha−1yr−1) was considered as the least prioritized areas for maintenance of crop production. Despite the reasonable reduction of sediment yields by the management scenarios, the reduction by contour farming, slope terracing, zero free grazing and reforestation were still above the tolerable soil loss. Vegetative contour strips and soil bund were significant in reducing SY below the tolerable soil loss, which is equivalent to 63.9% and 64.8% reduction, respectively. In general, effective and sustainable soil erosion management requires not only prioritizations of the erosion hotspots but also prioritizations of the most effective management practices. We believe that the results provided new and updated insights that enable a proactive approach to preserve the soil and reduce land degradation risks that could allow resource regeneration.

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