A Bivariate Analysis of the Spatial Distributions of Stunting and Wasting Among Children Under-Five in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 245513332110514
Author(s):  
Samson B. Adebayo ◽  
Ezra Gayawan
Keyword(s):  
Probit Model ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
Bivariate Probit Model ◽  
Linear Association ◽  
Child Morbidity ◽  
Northern Fringe ◽  
Using Data

Stunting and wasting are major malnutrition issues among children under five years of age and have continued to remain unacceptably high in Nigeria leading to high rates of child morbidity and mortality. Evidence-based strategies are required by government and non-governmental agencies to mitigate the suffering of these children, and this could be realised when the association between the determinants and the geographical distributions are fully understood. Using data from four waves of the Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey, we employed a distributional bivariate probit model to examine the geographical distributions of the levels and linear association between acute and chronic malnutrition in Nigeria after accounting for possible observed determinants. Bayesian inference was based on Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. The findings reveal substantial spatial variations in stunting and wasting among under-five children in Nigeria, indicating a north–south divide. The findings show negative linear association between the two malnutrition indicators among children in some northern fringe states but positive for Akwa Ibom, Ebonyi and Anambra. The correlation also peaks around age 20 months indicating that during the first 2 years of life, the children have an increasing likelihood of suffering from stunting and wasting.

scholarly journals BEHAVIOR RELATIONSHIP MOTHER AND OWNERSHIP OF TOILET FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN EVENTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eti Kurniawati
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Immune Health

<p>Ascariasis incidence in children under five in the region work of Puskesmas Olak Kemang still a health problem that needs to be addressed, with a percentage of 51.0% is higher than in other wilayh. The disease is not lethal but can undermine the health of the human body so that the resulting decline in nutritional status, decreased intelligence and brain power or immune health in children.</p><p>               This research is a quantitative study using descriptive analytic method with cross sectional study design that aims to determine the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. The population in this research that all children under five in the area of Puskesmas Olak Kemang, samples in this study were 75 children under five. Data were analyzed using analysis Univariate and Bivariate analysis with Chi-Square Test.</p><p>               The results showed that 78.0% of mothers of children under five who are not air personal hygiene, 60.4% of mothers of children under five unusual CTPS, 82.1% of respondents who did not state house meliliki latrine / WC. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between personal hygiene (p-value = 0.000), customs CTPS (p-value = 0.001), latrine ownership (p-value = 0.000) with the incidence of intestinal worms in Puskesmas Olak Kemang Jambi.</p><p>               In connection with the results obtained, that the danger of de- worming is dependent on the cleanliness of his mother in serving as personal hygiene, CTPS and Owners toilets in every home. Thus the researchers suggested that the health center may be able to provide information to the public education about the dangers of de- worming to create a healthy society.</p><p> </p>Keyword                     :  Behavior, Children Events

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS ON EATING ORDER PATTERNS AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN KALIBUNTU VILLAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Tutik Hidayati
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five

The problem of malnutrition in children under five is still a major health problem in the world, including Indonesia. Indonesia is a developing country that still faces considerable problems of malnutrition. Nutritional problems nationally are under-five and under-nutrition children under five. Poor nutritional status is a condition of the body experiencing nutritional deficiencies or below standard. Based on the nutritional status monitoring (PSG) survey in Probolinggo District, there was an increase in cases of malnutrition, obtained in the prevalence of non-compliance with the weight per year in 2017 of 9.44%, an increase compared to 2016, namely 8.65% under-five children under five. Toddlers are considered the biggest nutritional risk because patterns of poor feeding have an impact on growth and development. This causes the toddler age group to increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. Based on a preliminary study in April 2018, data was obtained that Probolinggo was ranked second in the area of ​​malnutrition in East Java. In 2017 there are 130 toddlers who experience malnutrition in the Kalibuntu Coast of Probolinggo Regency. The cause of malnutrition is due to the pattern and intake of toddlers' food which contains less nutrition.The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of nutritional support programs on feeding patterns and nutritional status of the Kalibuntu Coastal Children in Probolinggo Regency. This research is an experimental study, namely by measuring the increase / comparison of feeding patterns and nutritional status before and after the nutrition companion program. The population in this study were all toddlers with malnutrition in the Kalibuntu Coast of 130 people in Probolinggo Regency. Sampling uses Total Sampling. Samples are all mothers who have underweight and malnourished children under the age of 130 people in the Kalibuntu Coast of Probolinggo Regency. Data collection using observation sheets and interviews. Analysis of univariate data using frequency distribution, bivariate analysis using Wilcoxon match paired test and multivariate analysis using multiple linear regression then drawn conclusions. The results of the Wilcoxon match paired test between nutritional companions on feeding patterns obtained a p value of 0,000 <α 0,05, so ha was accepted so that there was an effect of nutritional companion on feeding patterns. The value of Exp (B) in the logistic regression analysis of eating parenting has a value of 85.008, which means that parenting has a chance of 85,008 times to change. While the nutritional status variable in multiple logistic regression has an Exp (B) value of 3.663, from these results it can be explained that nutritional status has an opportunity to increase 3.663 times.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE KNOWLEDGE OF PARENTS ON EVENING FEVER IN TODDLER AT RSUD KOTA BOGOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Ami Ami Oetamiati Wiharjo
Keyword(s):  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Brain Inflammation ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Febrile convulsion (febris convulsion/stuip/step) i.e. seizures that arise at the time of fever not caused by processes in the head (brain : like meningitis or inflammation of the lining of the brain, ensifilitis or brain inflammation) but outside the head for example because of an infection in the respiratory tract, ear or infection in the digestive tract. Usually experienced by children aged 6 months to 5 years. In West Java Province in 2012 patients with febrile seizures in the Hospital amounted to 2,220 for ages 0-1 years, while there are 5,696 for ages 1-4 years. This study aims to determine the correlation between the level of knowledge of parents with first aid febrile seizures in children under five in the Aster room of Bogor Hospital in 2018. The type of research used is analitik korelatif with research design cross sectional. Sampling in this study with total sampling techniques a sample of this research is 35 respondents. Data collection was obtained through questionnaires in the form of closed questionnairestotaling 20 statements about first aid knowledge of febrile seizures and 14 questions about first aid febrile seizures. Analysis of the data used is univariat and bivariat (Chi-Square). Based on the knowledge of febrile seizures there were 21 (60.0%) respondents with good knowledge. Based on first aid febrile seizures in children under five there were 22 (62.9%) respondents with positive actions. Of the 35 respondents there were 18 (51.4%) respondents who had a good level of knowledge with positive first aid measures in febrile seizures. The results of bivariate analysis used an analysis test Chi-Square earned value p value 0,002≤0,05 (alpha), meaning Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. Shows that is a correlation between the level of knowledge of parents and first aid in febrile seizures in children under five in the Aster of Bogor Hospital in 2018.

scholarly journals PEMBERDAYAAN IBU DALAM MENGENALI DIARE PADA ANAK DAN CARA PENCEGAHAN DIARE DI POSYANDU KALI KEJAMBON KECAMATAN TEMBELANG KABUPATEN JOMBANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 07
Author(s):  
Mamik Ratnawati ◽  
Monika Sawitri Prihatini ◽  
Rini Hayu Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Global Problem ◽  
Child Morbidity ◽  
The World ◽  
Service Activities

Abstrak: Penyakit    diare    masih    menjadi    masalah  global      dengan      derajat      kesakitan      dan  kematian    yang    tinggi    di    berbagai    negara terutama   di   negara   berkembang,   dan   juga sebagai   salah  satu penyebab  utama  tingginya  angka    kesakitan    dan    kematian    anak    di  dunia. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk memberikan edukasi kepada ibu balita agar mengerti dan paham tentang diare dan pencegahannya di posyandu Desa Kali Kejambon Kecamatan Tembelang kabupaten Jombang. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dengan Pemberdayaan Ibu Dalam Mengenali Diare Pada Anak Dan Cara Pencegahan Diare di Posyandu Kali Kejambon Kecamatan Tembelang Kabupaten Jombang berjalan dengan baik, sebanyak 50 orang ibu balita yang hadir dalam kegiatan ini dan terdapat 80% ibu balita paham dengan materi yang disampaikan oleh tim pelaksana pengabdian masyarakat serta terdapat umpan balik dengan memberikan pertanyaan kepada pelaksana kegiatan untuk pembahasan yang belum dimengerti. Bagi para ibu balita agar selalu waspada dengan kejadian diare pada balita karena diare merupakan bukan kasus yang bisa diremehkan dan bagi tenaga kesehatan agar selalu memberikan edukasi tentang penyakit-penyakit yang sering terjadi pada anak-anak agar tidak terjadi bahaya dan komplikasi.Abstract: Diarrhea is still a global problem with high degrees of illness and death in various countries, especially in developing countries, and also as one of the main causes of high child morbidity and mortality in the world. The purpose of this activity is to provide education to mothers of children under five to understand and understand diarrhea and its prevention at the Posyandu in Kali Kejambon Village, Tembelang District, Jombang Regency. Community service activities with the Empowerment of Mothers in Recognizing Diarrhea in Children and How to Prevent Diarrhea in the Kali Kejambon Posyandu in Tembelang District, Jombang Regency went well, as many as 50 under-five mothers attended this activity and 80% of toddlers understood the material delivered by the team implementing community service and providing feedback by giving questions to the implementers of activities for discussions that have not been understood. For mothers of toddlers to always be aware of the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers because diarrhea is not a case that can be underestimated and for health workers to always provide education about diseases that often occur in children so that there is no danger and complications.

scholarly journals Correlation between Age, Sex, Status of Immunization and Nutrition with the Occurence of Pneumonia in Infants Under Two Years of Age (Baduta)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Elza Nur Fitriyah
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The Relationship

Pneumonia is the leading cause of death among children under five years of age in the world. Based on Riskesdas 2007, in Indonesia the percentages of infants and children under five years who died due to pneumonia were 23.8 percent and 15.5 percent respectively. Using a non-reactive unobstructive method, this study aimed at analyzing the relationship between nutrition and the immunization status and the incidence of pneumonia among children under two years old. This study employed secondary data of Laporan Bulanan Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak dan Laporan Gizi (monthly reports of maternal care, child wellbeings, and nutritions) at Bulak Banteng primary health center in the year of 2015. The sample in this study was 604 children under two years selected using a simple random sampling method. The data was obtained by collecting data of children under two years and the incidence of pneumonia among children under two years at Bulak Banteng health center in 2015. Using a bivariate analysis, it showed that there was relationship between variables of age, sex, immunization, and nutritional status, and the incidence of pneumonia. The p value and OR variables used respectively are 0.00 OR 3.6; 0.00 OR 1.6; 0.00 OR 3.2 and 0.00 OR 16.6. The conclusion of this study is that there was a significant relationship between the variables of age, sex, immunization, and nutritional status and the incidence of pneumonia among children under two years. The advice to primary health centers is to give PMT (additional nutritious food) to children under two years without good nutritional statuses and to monitor the health status of patients who have pneumonia with home visits to avoid recurrence.

scholarly journals FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN DIARE PADA BALITA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sugiarto Sugiarto ◽  
Subakir Pitriyani ◽  
Pitriyani Pitriyani
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>Problems with diarrhea are still a relatively large problem. In 2017 the number of diarrhea among toddlers in Indonesia was 40.07% and there were 21 times diarrhea outbreaks in 12 provinces, 17 districts / cities. Jambi Province in 2017 the prevalence of diarrhea in infants is 43.79%. In the city of Jambi the prevalence of diarrhea in children under five was 6.5%. This study aims to look at the risk factors for diarrhea in infants. This research is a quantitative research with case control research design. Case samples were 30 people and control samples were 60 people, the comparison of the number of cases and controls was 1: 2, then the number of samples in the study were 90 toddlers. Data collection was done by filling out questionnaires with univariate and bivariate analysis using the chi square test. The analysis showed that there was a relationship between hand washing with soap and running water (p - value = 0.013 &amp; OR = 3,824), exclusive breastfeeding (p - value = 0,000 &amp; OR = 5,902), nutritional status (p - value = 0,001 &amp; OR = 6,625), Latrine Quality (p - value = 0.001 &amp; OR = 5,035) and source of clean water (p - value = 0,009 &amp; OR = 4,333) on the incidence of diarrhea in children under five. Variables that are at risk for the incidence of diarrhea in infants are hand washing with soap and running water, exclusive breastfeeding, nutritional status, latrine quality and clean water sources</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> <strong>risk factor</strong></em><strong><em>s; </em></strong><strong><em>diarrhea</em></strong><strong><em>; Children</em></strong><strong></strong></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

scholarly journals FAKTOR RISIKO STUNTING PADA ANAK BALITA DI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TENGAH

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Milantika Kristanti ◽  
Nayla Kamilia Fithri
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Child Morbidity

<em>Stunting is stunted growth in children due to malnutrition. It can affect children's cognitive and physical development, increase the risk of infection, and significantly contribute to child morbidity and mortality. This study aims to analyze the risk factors for stunting in children under five (13-59 months). The study used a case-control design to compare previous exposure to stunting and normal children under five. Measurements and interviews were conducted with 120 children under five and their mothers. The SPSS (24.0) was used for the Chi-square and Odds Ratio (alpha = 5%) test. The study found the risk factors for stunting under five, poor income (OR = 4.75; 95% CI 2.18-10.33), not getting exclusive breastfeeding (OR = 5.29; 95% CI 2.39-11.68) ), there is no access to clean water (OR = 3.00; 95% CI 1.42–6.32), and healthy latrines (OR = 3.73; 95% CI 1.75-7.94). Increasing the nutritional status of pre-pregnant and pregnant women and access to clean water and healthy latrines to prevent infection is an urgent need to be implemented immediately.</em><p> </p>

scholarly journals Implication of Natal Care and Maternity Leave on Child Morbidity: Evidence from Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Danny Turkson ◽  
Joy Kafui Ahiabor
Keyword(s):  
Maternity Leave ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Child Morbidity ◽  
Post Natal Care ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Natal Care

The aim of government with the help of the Ghana Health Service (GHS) and other stakeholders has been to reduce the level of child morbidity which leads to child mortality in Ghana. This study on natal care and its implication on child morbidity would help the government in formulating appropriate policies to curb this problem. This study uses Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) which is an infection of the lungs and respiratory tract as a proxy for child morbidity. The specific aim of this study is to ascertain the effect of Natal Care (Antenatal care, Delivery care and Post-natal care) and Maternity leave on Child Morbidity. The study employed data from the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (2014) using the Probit estimation method to estimate the health, demographic and income factors that influence child morbidity in Ghana. It shows evidence that some stages of natal care, unpaid maternity leave, and other demographic factors have a significant impact on child morbidity in Ghana. Specifically, failure to receive post-natal care within first week of delivery causes a 3% increase in the possibility of ARI in children under five. The study also shows that a mother&rsquo;s income determines her health care purchases; in that an unpaid maternity leave causes a 3.9% increase in the possibility of ARI in children under five compared to a paid maternity leave.

scholarly journals Water Pollution Index (WPI) and Incidence of Diarrhea Among Children Under Five Years Old in Coastal Area of Semarang City, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 05022
Author(s):  
Fatimatuzzahro ◽  
Mursid Raharjo ◽  
Nurjazuli
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Water Pollution Index ◽  
Under Five

Coastal area of Semarang City is susceptible to water pollution and one of which is due to sea water intrusion. Diarrhea is an infectious disease that causes more than 26,93% of mortality in children under five years old and cases average over 30% in coastal area of Semarang City. The aim of this study was to evaluate assotiation between Water Pollution Index (WPI) and incidence of diarrhea in children under five years old. This type of research is an observational analytic study with a cross sectional study design. Sampel consisted of 18 respondens from 7 districts in coastal area of Semarang City. Independent variable is water pollution index which is calculated based on parameters of pH, salinity, TDS, and E.coli. Dependent variable is incidence of diarrhea under five years old. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis using rank spearman correlation and Geographical Information System (GIS). Result found moderate category of water pollution index in Mangkang Kulon, Mangunharjo, Mangkang Wetan, and Bandarharjo. We identified associations between water pollution index (p 0,014, r: 0,857), E.coli in water (p 0,017, r: 0,842), salinity in water (p 0,013, r: 0,860), TDS in water (p 0,011, r: 0,871) and incidence of diarrhea. There is no relationship significantly between pH in water (p 0,782, r: -0,130) and incidence of diarrhea. WPI provides information on water quality and contaminants in water has potential trigger to digestive disorders. Cases of diarrhea occured by pathogenic microbiological, material, and chemical compounds. Conclussion, there is assotiation between water pollution index and incidence of diarrhea in coastal area of Semarang City.

scholarly journals Hubungan Sanitasi Lingkungan dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita Di Desa Jayabakti Tahun 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurike Kuewa ◽  
Herawati ◽  
Marselina Sattu ◽  
Anang S. Otoluwa ◽  
Erni Yusnita Lalusu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Drinking Water Sources

Stunting merupakan sebuah masalah kesehatan dimana seorang bayi atau anak-anak mengalami hambatan dalam pertumbuhan tubuhnya, sehingga gagal memiliki tinggi yang ideal pada usianya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat hubungan sumber air minum, kepemilikan jamban, sarana pembuangan air limbah dan kepemilikan tempat sampah dengan kejadian stunting di Desa Jayabakti wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pagimana Tahun 2021.Jenis penelitian ini adalah Observasional analitik  dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional serta Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan yaitu simple random sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu balita sebanyak 156 responden  Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi Squaree. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara sumber air minum, kepemilikan jamban, dan kepemilikan SPAL dengan kejadian stunting di Desa Jayabakti dengan nilai p value > 0,05. Sedangkan hasil analisis tabulasi kepemilikan tempat sampah di peroleh hasil p value = 0,006 (<0,05), dengan demikian terdapat hubungan antara kepemilikan tempat sampah dengan kejadian stunting. Sanitasi lingkungan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi gizi balita. Sanitasi yang buruk dapat menimbulkan penyakit infeksi pada balita seperti diare dan kecacingan yang dapat menganggu proses pencernaan dalam proses penyerapan nutrisi, jika kondisi ini terjadi dalam waktu yang lama dapat mengakibatkan masalah stunting. Stunting is a health problem in which a baby or child experiences obstacles in their body growth, so they fail to have the ideal height for their age. The purpose of this study was to see the relationship between drinking water sources, latrine ownership, waste water disposal facilities and ownership of trash bins with stunting in Jayabakti Village, Pagimana Health Center working area in 2021. namely simple random sampling. The sample in this study were mothers of children under five as many as 156 respondents. The data analysis used was bivariate analysis using the Chi Squaree test. The results showed that there was no relationship between drinking water sources, latrine ownership, and SPAL ownership with stunting in Jayabakti Village with p value > 0.05. While the results of the tabulation analysis of the ownership of the trash can obtained the results of p value = 0.006 (<0.05), thus there is a relationship between the ownership of the trash can and the incidence of stunting. Environmental sanitation indirectly affects the nutrition of children under five. Poor sanitation can cause infectious diseases in toddlers such as diarrhea and worms which can interfere with the digestive process in the process of absorption of nutrients, if this condition occurs for a long time it can cause stunting problems.

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