Evaluation of bioactivity and phytochemical screening of endophytic fungi isolated from Ceriops decandra (Griff.) W. Theob, a mangrove plant in Bangladesh

Abstract Background Due to increasing number of individuals within the world having health issues caused by varied cancers, drug-resistant microorganism, parasitic protozoans, and fungi could be a cause for alarm. Endophyte’s are a unique source of medicinal compounds which requires an intensive seek for newer and simpler agents to handle these sickness issues is currently advancing. This study explores the description of endophytic fungi of Ceriops decandra (Griff.) W. Theob., a mangrove plant growing in mangrove forest, Sundarban, Bangladesh. Methods The endophytic fungi of experimental plants were identified by DNA amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region Moreover, cytotoxicity, antioxidant and antimicrobial tests were assessed. In addition, the screening of extracts was performed by visual detection using UV light. Results Three fungi namely CEDBE-1, CEDLE-6 and CEDLE-10 (internal strain no) were isolated as endophytic fungi and identified as Fusarium oxysporum, Clonostachys spp. and Fusarium solani respectively on the basis of morphological characteristics and DNA sequencing. The isolates were cultured at 280 C±2 for 21 days in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media. The extracts of fungal isolates were examined at 100 µg/disc concentration for the screening of antibacterial activity and exhibited no activity against tested human pathogenic bacteria. The strain CEDBE-1 showed highest antioxidant activity of IC50 value of 31.07 µg/mL comparing with the positive control ascorbic acid (0.74) and BHA (7.79) µg/mL. All isolates exhibited strong cytotoxic activity using brine shrimp lethality bioassay compared with the positive control tamoxifen. Preliminary chemical screening of the fungal extracts by thin layer chromatography technique revealed the presence of various compounds. Conclusions The findings indicate that endophytic fungal isolates explored from C. decandra has diversified biological activities which may be potential source of leads for new drug development.

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Screening Fungal Endophytes Derived from Under-Explored Egyptian Marine Habitats for Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties in Factionalised Textiles

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8101617 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 1617

Author(s):

Ahmed A. Hamed ◽

Sylvia Soldatou ◽

M. Mallique Qader ◽

Subha Arjunan ◽

Kevin Jace Miranda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Human Fibroblasts ◽

Fungal Endophytes ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Chemical Screening ◽

Marine Habitats ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Promising Source

Marine endophytic fungi from under-explored locations are a promising source for the discovery of new bioactivities. Different endophytic fungi were isolated from plants and marine organisms collected from Wadi El-Natrun saline lakes and the Red Sea near Hurghada, Egypt. The isolated strains were grown on three different media, and their ethyl acetate crude extracts were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against a panel of pathogenic bacteria and fungi as well as their antioxidant properties. Results showed that most of the 32 fungal isolates initially obtained possessed antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The most potent antimicrobial extracts were applied to three different cellulose containing fabrics to add new multifunctional properties such as ultraviolet protection and antimicrobial functionality. For textile safety, the toxicity profile of the selected fungal extract was evaluated on human fibroblasts. The 21 strains displaying bioactivity were identified on molecular basis and selected for chemical screening and dereplication, which was carried out by analysis of the MS/MS data using the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) platform. The obtained molecular network revealed molecular families of compounds commonly produced by fungal strains, and in combination with manual dereplication, further previously reported metabolites were identified as well as potentially new derivatives.

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Diversity and antibacterial activity of fungal endophytes from Eucalyptus exserta

BMC Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s12866-021-02229-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ziling Mao ◽

Weihao Zhang ◽

Chunyin Wu ◽

Hao Feng ◽

Yuanhang Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽

Large Scale ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Fungal Endophytes ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Fungal Isolates

Abstract Background Eucalyptus bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is an important eucalyptus disease. Endophytic fungi, an important source of natural active substances, provide a new breakthrough for the control of plant diseases. Results In the present study, 80 endophytic fungal isolates were obtained from the healthy branches and fruits of Eucalyptus exserta. Fifteen distinct isolates (MK120854-MK120868) were selected for further taxonomic identification through morphological trait assessments and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region-rRNA gene sequence analysis. Thirteen genera, namely, Phyllosticta, Penicillium, Eutypella, Purpureocillium, Talaromyces, Lophiostoma, Cladosporium, Pestalotiopsis, Chaetomium, Fusarium, Gongronella, Scedosporium and Pseudallescheria, were identified on the basis of their morphological characteristics. Members of the genus Phyllosticta were the primary isolates, with a colonization frequency (CF) of 27.5 %. Most of the fungal isolates displayed antibacterial activity. The crude extracts obtained from Lophiostoma sp. Eef-7, Pestalotiopsis sp. Eef-9 and Chaetomium sp. Eef-10 exhibited strong inhibition on the test bacteria, and Lophiostoma sp. Eef-7 was further cultured on a large scale. Three known compounds, scorpinone (1), 5-deoxybostrycoidin (2) and 4-methyl-5,6-dihydro-2 H-pyran-2-one (3), were isolated from the endophytic fungus Lophiostoma sp. Eef-7 associated with E. exserta. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectra and a comparison of their spectral data with published values. Compounds 1 and 2 showed weak antimicrobial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum. Conclusions Endophytic fungi from Eucalyptus exserta may represent alternative sources of antimicrobial agents. Lophiostoma sp. Eef-7 can produce 2-azaanthraquinone derivatives and shows weak antibacterial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum.

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Photoprotective Activity of Buddleja cordata Cell Culture Methanolic Extract on UVB-irradiated 3T3-Swiss Albino Fibroblasts

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10020266 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 266

Author(s):

Milton Abraham Gómez-Hernández ◽

Miriam V. Flores-Merino ◽

Jesús Enrique Sánchez-Flores ◽

Cristina Burrola-Aguilar ◽

Carmen Zepeda-Gómez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Cell Viability ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Uv Light ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Positive Control ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Buddleja Cordata ◽

High Concentrations

The research on compounds exhibiting photoprotection against ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a matter of increasing interest. The methanolic extract of a cell culture of Buddleja cordata has potential photoprotective effects as these cells produce phenolic secondary metabolites (SMs). These metabolites are attributed with biological activities capable of counteracting the harmful effects caused by UVR on skin. In the present work, the methanolic extract (310–2500 µg/mL) of B. cordata cell culture showed a photoprotective effect on UVB-irradiated 3T3-Swiss albino fibroblasts with a significant increase in cell viability. The greatest photoprotective effect (75%) of the extract was observed at 2500 µg/mL, which was statistically comparable with that of 250 µg/mL verbascoside, used as positive control. In addition, concentrations of the extract higher than 2500 µg/mL resulted in decreased cell viability (≤83%) after 24 h of exposure. Phytochemical analysis of the extract allowed us to determine that it was characterized by high concentrations of total phenol and total phenolic acid contents (138 ± 4.7 mg gallic acid equivalents and 44.01 ± 1.33 mg verbascoside equivalents per gram of extract, respectively) as well as absorption of UV light (first and second bands peaking at 294 and 330 nm, respectively). Some phenylethanoid glycosides were identified from the extract.

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Antibacterial Activity Test of Endophytic Fungus from Mangrove Plant (Rhizophora apiculata L.) and (Bruguiera gymnorrizha (L.) Lamk.) Against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v2i6.1031 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

pp. 146

Author(s):

Rossiana Nia ◽

Miranti Mia ◽

Kosmita Oktapiana

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Drug Candidate ◽

Mangrove Plant ◽

Fungal Extract ◽

Rhizophora Apiculata ◽

Activity Test

Pathogenic bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae is the cause of pneumonia disease in infants and adults. Antibiotics treatment is usually used to treat this disease. However, synthetic antibiotic use could lead to bacterial resistance. Therefore, novel antibiotics from natural resources are required to overcome this problem. The aim of present study is to determine the antibacterial activity of endophytic fungal extracts from mangrove plants Rhizophora apiculata and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza against K. pneumonia ATCC 700 603. Isolation, cultivation, extraction and antibacterial activity test were conducted. Fourteen endophytic fungi were derived from the two mangrove species, where the two fungal isolates: Penicilium sp.2 and Penicilium sp.4 showed the highest antibacterial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration of K. pneumoniae for both fungal extract is 3.6 mg mL-1, where bactericidal effect was observed. Additionally, antibacterial activity from the extract of Penncillium sp.4 is higher compared to Penicilium sp.2 extract, which is signified by larger average diameter of inhibition zone. However, at concentration more than 3.6 mg mL-1, both extract effectively inhibit the growth of K. pneumoniae. Our study reveals the potential of fungal extract from mangrove plant as prospective drug candidate to overcome the pneumonia disease. Keywords: antibacterial, pneumonia, endophytic fungi, mangrove

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UJI EFEK ANTIBAKTERI JAMUR ENDOFIT AKAR TUMBUHAN BAKAU (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) TERHADAP BAKTERI Escherichia coli DAN Staphylococcus aureus

Jurnal e-Biomedik ◽

10.35790/ebm.2.1.2014.3650 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tilesky C. Phoanda

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Plant Root ◽

Positive Control ◽

Type I ◽

Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽

Mangrove Plant ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus

Abstract: Endophytic fungi is a species of fungi which grows on plant tissue that are harmless for the host plant it self. Endophytic fungi can produce a substance potencial to be antibacteria. This research aimed to test the presence of antibacterial effect on an isolated root of mangrove plant Bruguiera gymnorrhiza to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The methods that are being used as test to antibacterial was sandwich method, done by putting mycelia of endophytic fungi in agar combination media that has been smear with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Obtained from research that has been made, it conducted two species of endophytic fungi that isolated from mangrove plant root Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. Both endophytic fungi has effect as antibacteria against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, but the second type of endophytic fungi has more effective and stronger antibacterial effect compare to endophytic fungi type I and positive control. Keyword : antibacterial, endophytic fungi, mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. Abstrak: Jamur endofit adalah jamur yang hidup di dalam jaringan tumbuhan dan tidak membahayakan tumbuhan tersebut. Jamur endofit dapat menghasilkan senyawa yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji ada tidaknya efek antibakteri jamur endofit yang diisolasi dari akar tumbuhan bakau Bruguiera gymnorrhiza terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Metode yang digunakan untuk uji antibakteri yaitu metode sandwich, dilakukan dengan cara menempelkan miselia jamur endofit pada media agar kombinasi yang telah dioleskan bakteri uji. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh dua jenis jamur endofit yang diisolasi dari akar tumbuhan bakau Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. Kedua jamur endofit memiliki efek sebagai antibakteri terhadap kedua bakteri uji akan tetapi jamur endofit tipe II memiliki efek antibakteri yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan jamur endofit tipe I dan kontrol positif. Kata kunci: antibakteri, jamur endofit, bakau Bruguiera gymnorrhiza

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Antagonistic Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Globba patens Miq. Rhizome against Human Pathogenic Bacteria

Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology ◽

10.22207/jpam.15.1.17 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 232-239

Author(s):

Anisa Lutfia ◽

Erman Munir ◽

Yurnaliza Yurnaliza ◽

Mohammad Basyuni

Keyword(s):

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Dual Culture ◽

E Coli ◽

Human Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Wide Range

The emergence of bacterial infections caused by resistant strains poses a threat to the development of new antibiotics. The majority of antibiotics being produced has been accelerated through the finding of newly reported natural products, especially those originated and produced by biological sources. Endophytic fungi residing in medicinal plants may be regarded as potential sources and encourage the exploration of more plant species for their antimicrobial activity. Our current study reports on the assemblage of endophytic fungi that colonize the rhizomes, using Globba patens a representative of Zingiberaceous species from North Sumatra. Twenty-six fungal morphotypes were obtained and differentiated by their morphological features. Each isolate was tested against human pathogenic bacteria namely Staphylococcus aureus ATCC® 29213™, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) ATCC® 43300™, Escherichia coli ATCC® 25922™, and Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) K11 in a dual culture assay. The results revealed that the majority of fungal isolates were strong antagonists against S. aureus and E. coli but not against MRSA and EPEC. Isolate Gp07 was the most potential fungus with a wide range of antibacterial activities and was subjected to further species-level identification based on its morphological characteristics and DNA sequence in the ITS-rDNA region. The isolate Gp07 was identified as Colletotrichum siamense, yet the presence of C. siamense in the rhizome of G. patens is not fully understood while possibly being characterized as the antibiotics-producing agent in the future.

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Variation in antibacterial properties of endophytic fungi isolated from Phaeophytes and Rhodophytes of Johor, Malaysia

Journal of Environmental Biology ◽

10.22438/jeb/42/3(si)/jeb-16 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (3(SI)) ◽

pp. 840-848

Author(s):

N.F.A. Zainee ◽

◽

N. Ibrahim ◽

N. Hidayah ◽

M. Rozaimi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Trichoderma Viride ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Preliminary Screening ◽

Human Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Fungal Isolates

Aim: To identify endophytic fungi of tropical macroalgae and analyse variation in antibacterial activity. Methodology: Endophytic fungi were aseptically isolated from macroalgae tissue, identified by macroscopic and microscopic observations, screened for the presence of antibacterial activity using cross streak and disc diffusion methods against six human pathogenic bacteria. Results: A total of 27 endophytic fungi were isolated and identified from 7 species of macroalgae collected from the Johor coast, Malaysia. Twenty-three fungal isolates belonged to Ascomycota, while two belonged to Zygomycota and Oomycota, respectively. Aspergillus niger was the most common and abundant endophyte found in macroalgal samples. Preliminary screening determined 13 species (48.15%) having positive antibacterial activity. Quantitative analysis of antibacterial activity showed significant differences (p< 0.01) against six human pathogenic bacteria. Two fungal isolates indicated strong and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity namely, Pythium sp. and Trichoderma viride. Interpretation: The findings demonstrate that certain macroalgae-derived endophytic fungi from Johor possess antibacterial properties and can be potentially new antibiotic sources, which are hitherto under-reported.

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UJI IMUNOSTIMULATOR DARI KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL HERBA BINARA (ARTEMISIA VULGARIS LINN) DAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PUCUK MERAH (SYZYGIUM OLEANA) DENGAN METODE HIPERSENSITIVITAS TIPE LAMBAT PADA TIKUS JANTAN

Jurnal Penelitian Farmasi & Herbal ◽

10.36656/jpfh.v1i2.105 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 22-26

Author(s):

Romauli Anna Teresia Marbun ◽

Aminah Syarifuddin ◽

Montysory Silalahi ◽

Radika Bella Fista Ginting

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Immune System ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Artemisia Vulgaris ◽

Chemical Screening ◽

Chemical Content ◽

High Antioxidant Activity ◽

New Treatments

Diseases mediated by the immune system are difficult problems to treat such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other lethal viruses. Infections that occur in normal people are generally brief and rarely leave permanent damage. Treatment of this disease requires an aggressive and innovative approach to the development of new treatments so that it requires the role of immunomodulators to improve the immune system. A substance that acts as an enhancer or immune enhancer can be obtained by using herbs that are efficacious as immunostimulants. One of the herbs used is herbal binara (Artemisia vulgaris L) which has been studied as a potential immunomodulator with high antioxidant activity. Previous research also stated that red shoots (Syzygium oleana) were studied as potential immunomodulators with high antioxidant activity. Several other species such as Syzygium samarangense have 16 flavonoida compounds which show pharmacological immunological activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of secondary metabolites of ethanol extract of herbal binara (Artemisia vulgaris L.) with red shoots (Syzygium oleana) and to determine the best dose of extract from the ethanol extract of herbal binara (Artemisia vulgaris L.) with red shoots (Syzygium oleana) can reduce the volume of swelling of mouse feet. Examination of the chemical content of secondary metabolites from the ethanol extract of herbal binara (Artemisia vulgaris L.) with red shoots (Syzygium oleana) is carried out by chemical screening and characterization of simplicia and extract. The method used is the slow type hypersensitivity method. In this test the independent variable is the secondary metabolite of ethanol extract of herb binara (Artemisia vulgaris L.) with red shoots (Syzygium oleana) with four concentrations (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg / kgBB). The positive control used by Stimuno dose is 32.5 mg / kgBB

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Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Endophytic Fungi

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867326666190916144709 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (11) ◽

pp. 1836-1854 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Elena Ancheeva ◽

Georgios Daletos ◽

Peter Proksch

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Host Plants ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Cytotoxic Agents ◽

Special Focus ◽

Plant Metabolites ◽

Direct Production ◽

Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽

Fungal Genes

Background: Endophytes represent a complex community of microorganisms colonizing asymptomatically internal tissues of higher plants. Several reports have shown that endophytes enhance the fitness of their host plants by direct production of bioactive secondary metabolites, which are involved in protecting the host against herbivores and pathogenic microbes. In addition, it is increasingly apparent that endophytes are able to biosynthesize medicinally important “phytochemicals”, originally believed to be produced only by their host plants. Objective: The present review provides an overview of secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi with pronounced biological activities covering the literature between 2010 and 2017. Special focus is given on studies aiming at exploration of the mode of action of these metabolites towards the discovery of leads from endophytic fungi. Moreover, this review critically evaluates the potential of endophytic fungi as alternative sources of bioactive “plant metabolites”. Results: Over the past few years, several promising lead structures from endophytic fungi have been described in the literature. In this review, 65 metabolites are outlined with pronounced biological activities, primarily as antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents. Some of these metabolites have shown to be highly selective or to possess novel mechanisms of action, which hold great promises as potential drug candidates. Conclusion: Endophytes represent an inexhaustible reservoir of pharmacologically important compounds. Moreover, endophytic fungi could be exploited for the sustainable production of bioactive “plant metabolites” in the future. Towards this aim, further insights into the dynamic endophyte - host plant interactions and origin of endophytic fungal genes would be of utmost importance.

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In-vitro bactericidal activity of a novel plant source Plumeria pudica against some human and fish pathogenic bacteria

Current Drug Discovery Technologies ◽

10.2174/1570163817666200727101300 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Shubhaisi Das ◽

Sunanda Burman ◽

Goutam Chandra

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Aldehyde Groups

Background: The only remedy for up surging problem of antibiotic resistance is the discovery of antibacterial agents of natural origin. Objective: The present study was aimed at finding antibacterial potential of crude and solvent extracts of mature leaves of Plumeria pudica. Methods: Antibacterial activity of three different solvent extracts were evaluated in four human and four fish pathogenic bacteria by measuring the zone of inhibition and determining Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration values. Standard antibiotics were used as positive control. Preliminary phytochemical screening of most effective extract i.e., ethyl acetate extract, Fourier Transform Infra Red analysis and GC-MS analysis of the Thin Layer Chromatographic (TLC) fraction of ethyl acetate extract were done meticulously. All experiments were done thrice and analyzed statistically. Results: Crude leaf extracts and solvent extracts caused good inhibition of bacterial growth in all selected bacteria. Ethyl acetate extract showed highest inhibition zones in all tested strains with maximum inhibition (19.50±0.29 mm) in Escherichia coli (MTCC 739). MBC/MIC of the extracts indicated that all three solvent extracts were bactericidal. Preliminary phytochemical tests revealed the presence of tannins, steroids and alkaloids and FT-IR analysis revealed presence of many functional groups namely alcoholic, amide, amine salt and aldehyde groups. From the GC-MS analysis of TLC fraction of ethyl acetate extract five different bioactive compounds e.g., 2,4-ditert –butylphenyl 5-hydroxypentanoate, Oxalic acid; allyl nonyl ester, 7,9-Ditert-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4,5)deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione, Dibutyl phthalate and 2,3,5,8-tetramethyl-decane were identified. Conclusion: Leaf extracts of P. pudica contain bioactive compounds that can be used as broad spectrum bactericidal agent.

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