scholarly journals Gentle interactions with restrained and free-moving cows: Effects on the improvement of the animal-human relationship

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242873
Author(s):  
Annika Lange ◽  
Susanne Waiblinger ◽  
Anja Heinke ◽  
Kerstin Barth ◽  
Andreas Futschik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Human Relationship ◽  
Positive Perception ◽  
Farm Animal Welfare ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Vocal Interactions

The animal-human relationship is essential for farm animal welfare and production. Generally, gentle tactile and vocal interactions improve the animal-human relationship in cattle. However, cows that are fearful of humans avoid their close presence and touch; thus, the animal-human relationship first has to be improved to a point where the animals accept stroking before their perception of the interactions and consequently the animal-human relationship can become positive. We tested whether the animal-human relationship of cows fearful of humans is improved more effectively by gentle interactions during restraint, allowing physical contact from the beginning, or if the gentle interactions are offered while the animals are free to move, giving them more control over the situation and thus probably a higher level of agency and a more positive perception of the interactions. Thirty-six dairy cows (median avoidance distance 1.6 m) were assigned to three treatments (each n = 12): gentle vocal and tactile interactions during restraint in the feeding rack (LOCK); gentle vocal and, if possible, tactile interactions while free in the barn (FREE); routine management without additional interactions (CON). Treatments were applied for 3 min per cow on 10 d per fortnight for 6 weeks (i.e., three periods). Avoidance and approach behaviour towards humans was tested before the start of the treatment period, and then at 2-week intervals. The recorded variables were reduced to one score by Principal Component Analysis. The resulting relationship score (higher values implying a better relationship with humans) increased in all groups; the increase was stronger in FREE than in CON, with the increase in LOCK being not significantly different from the other treatment groups. Thus, we recommend that gentle interactions with cows should take place while they are unrestrained, if possible.

scholarly journals Associations between Dairy Herds’ Qualitative Behavior and Aspects of Herd Health, Stockperson and Farm Factors—A Cross-Sectional Exploration

Animals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Asja Ebinghaus ◽  
Katharina Matull ◽  
Ute Knierim ◽  
Silvia Ivemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Qualitative Behavior ◽  
Herd Health ◽  
Farm Animal Welfare ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Human Animal

The affective state is an integrated aspect of farm animal welfare, which is understood as the animals’ perception of their living environment and of their internal biological functioning. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore animal-internal and external factors potentially influencing dairy cows’ affective state. For this purpose, qualitative behavior assessments (QBA) describing the animals’ body language were applied at herd level on 25 dairy farms. By means of principal component analysis (PCA), scores of PC1 (QBAscores) were determined for further analyses. From monthly milk recordings (MR) one year retrospectively, prevalences of udder and metabolic health impairments were calculated. Factors of housing, management, and human-animal contact were recorded via interviews and observations. A multivariable regression was calculated following a univariable preselection of factors. No associations were found between MR indicators and QBAscores. However, more positive QBAscores were associated with bedded cubicles or straw yards compared to raised cubicles, increased voluntary stockperson contact with the cows, and fixation of cows during main feeding times, the latter contributing to the explanatory model, but not being significant. These results underline the importance of lying comfort, positive human-animal relationship and reduction of competition during feeding for the well-being of dairy cows.

scholarly journals KECERNAAN PROTEIN KASAR DAN LEMAK KASAR PADA SAPI PERAH PERANAKAN FH (FRIESIAN HOLSTEIN) YANG DIBERI PAKAN LENGKAP BERBASIS TEBON JAGUNG

ZOOTEC ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Diwi N.Y. Polii ◽  
M. R. Waani ◽  
A. F. Pendong
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Treatment Groups

THE DIGESTIBILITY OF CRUDE PROTEIN AND CRUDE FAT ON FRIESIAN HOLSTEIN (FH) DAIRY COW FED COMPLETE FEED BASED ON CORN FORAGE. This study aims to determine the intake and digestibility of the crude protein and crude fat of complete feed based on corn forage. 14 FH dairy cows with 300-400 kg of weight were used in this study. This study was arranged in two treatment groups according to t-test (assuming unequal varience). The treatments consisted of Ra = 30% concentrate + 70% corn forage and Rb = 30% concentrate + 35% corn forage + 35% king grass. The variables measured were crude protein and crude fat intakes, and crude protein and crude fat digestibilities. t-test analysis results showed, the crude protein intake of Ra (934.23 grams/head/day) was not significantly different (P>0.05) from Rb (924.20 grams/head/day), as well as the crude fat intake of Ra (332.93 grams/head/day) was also not significantly different (P>0.05) form Rb (350.66 grams/head/day). The digestibility of crude protein in Rb treatment (85.34%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than Ra (82.18%), while the digestibility of crude fat in Rb treatment (88.90%) was highly significant different (P<0.01) from Ra (84.31%). It is concluded that complete feed consisting of concentrate, corn forage and king grass has better crude protein and crude fat digestibilities than the other one that just consisting concentrate and corn forage. Keywords: digestibility, crude protein, crude fat, complete feed, FH cows.

scholarly journals Influence of rumen-protected choline on blood red-ox potential and biochemical biomarkers of dairy cows during the transition period

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 483-487
Author(s):  
Mustafa Salman ◽  
Gülay Çiftçi ◽  
Alper Çiftçi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxidative Stress Index ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Third

The aim of this study was to determine the serum oxidative status, antioxidant capacity, and oxidative stress index, as well as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine profiles, of dairy cows fed rumen-protected choline during the transition period. A total of thirty dairy cows allotted to one control and two experimental groups (10 animals per group) were fattened from 3 weeks prior to the expected calving date until 3 weeks postpartum. The control group was fed a basal diet, and treatment groups 1 and 2, were fed a basal diet containing 60 g/head/day and 120 g/head/day or rumen-protected choline, respectively. Serum total antioxidant status (TAS) levels for the control group and treatment groups 1 and 2 at the time of parturition were 0.56±0.029ab, 0.45±0.028b, and 0.59±0.036a, respectively. The differences between the groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Rumen-protected choline supplementation did not have a significant effect on TAS levels in the third week before parturition and in the first and third weeks of lactation. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) between the groups in terms of total oxidative status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) or creatinine levels. Serum ALT levels were significantly different (P<0.05) between the groups at parturition and in the first week of lactation, but not significant (P>0.05) for the other periods. In addition, the serum AST level was significantly different (P<0.05) between the groups in the first and third weeks of lactation, but not significantly different (P>0.05) for the other periods. After removing the effect of groups, time-dependent changes were significant (P<0.001) for all parameters. The highest values for TAS, TOS and OSI were obtained in the third week before parturition. The values for these parameters decreased during parturition and after the postnatal period. The lowest values for serum ALT and creatinine occurred at parturition. Rumen-protected choline supplementation did not have a significant effect on serum TAS and TOS levels during the transition period. There is a need for further studies of animals with known metabolic profiles, malnourished animals, and those with high milk yields or metabolic disorders.

HUBUNGAN KEPADATAN BIVALVIA DENGAN PARAMETER LINGKUNGAN DI PESISIR TANJUNG PURA KABUPATEN BANGKA TENGAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Sudiyar . ◽  
Okto Supratman ◽  
Indra Ambalika Syari
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Random System ◽  
System Method ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Anadara Granosa

The destructive fishing feared will give a negative impact on the survival of this organism. This study aims to analyze the density of bivalves, distribution patterns, and to analyze the relationship of bivalves with environmental parameters in Tanjung Pura village. This research was conducted in March 2019. The systematic random system method was used for collecting data of bivalves. The collecting Data retrieval divided into five research stasions. The results obtained 6 types of bivalves from 3 families and the total is 115 individuals. The highest bivalve density is 4.56 ind / m², and the lowest bivalves are located at station 2,1.56 ind / m²,  The pattern of bivalve distribution in the Coastal of Tanjung Pura Village is grouping. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that Anadara granosa species was positively correlated with TSS r = 0.890, Dosinia contusa, Anomalocardia squamosa, Mererix meretrix, Placamen isabellina, and Tellinella spengleri were positively correlated with currents r = 0.933.

scholarly journals Dental pulp stem cells overexpressing hepatocyte growth factor facilitate the repair of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Li ◽  
Yichi Zhang ◽  
Narayan Nepal ◽  
Guoqing Li ◽  
Ningning Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
The Other ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Colon Injury ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Hepatocyte Growth

Abstract Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent disease without satisfactory treatment strategies. Dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) transplantation has been proposed as a potential therapy for UC. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of the rat hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene transduced into DPSCs for UC. Methods The therapeutic effects of HGF-DPSCs transplanted intravenously into a rat model of UC induced by 5% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) were compared with the other treatment groups (LV-HGF group, DPSCs group and GFP-DPSCs group). Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to observe the localization and proliferation of HGF-DPSCs at the site of colon injury. The expression levels of inflammatory factors were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) and western blotting. The oxidative stress markers were detected by ELISA. DAI scores and body weight changes were used to macroscopically evaluate the treatment of rats in each group. Results Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry assays showed that HGF-DPSCs homed to colon injury sites and colocalized with intestinal stem cell (ISC) markers (Bmi1, Musashi1 and Sox9) and significantly promoted protein expression (Bmi1, Musashi1, Sox9 and PCNA). Anti-inflammatory cytokine (TGF-β and IL-10) expression was the highest in the HGF-DPSCs group compared with the other treatment groups, while the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and INF-γ) was the lowest. Additionally, the oxidative stress response results showed that malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression decreased while superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression increased, especially in the HGF-DPSCs group. The DAI scores showed a downward trend with time in the five treatment groups, whereas body weight increased, and the changes were most prominent in the HGF-DPSCs group. Conclusions The study indicated that HGF-DPSCs can alleviate injuries to the intestinal mucosa by transdifferentiating into ISC-like cells, promoting ISC-like cell proliferation, suppressing inflammatory responses and reducing oxidative stress damage, which provides new ideas for the clinical treatment of UC.

Reproductive performance of group-synchronized Merino d'Arles and Romanov crossbred ewes. 1. A note on the effects of lactation on fecundity

1977 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Galindez ◽  
M. Prud'hon ◽  
G. Reboul
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Superiority

SUMMARYFifty-six Merino d'Aries and 56 Romanov × Merino crossbred lactating ewes were divided into two treatment groups, one (T1) with a ewe-to-ram ratio of 48: 1 (24 Merino and 24 crossbred) and the other (T2) of 64: 1 (32 Merino and 32 crossbred).Intravaginal sponges with 40 mg FGA (Searle) were inserted in two subgroups at 8-day intervals and withdrawn after 12 and 16 days in situ, in four equal groups at 4-day intervals. A dose of 400 IU pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) was applied at sponge withdrawal.Fertility after two oestrous cycles was equally satisfactory in both treatments, though it was lower in treatment group T2. This could be due to the significantly low (P<0·01) number of Merino ewes raddled by the T2 ram (0·33 Merino against 0·92 crossbred) suggesting preferential behaviour by the ram in this treatment.Comparisons between breeds show a slight superiority in the fertility of crossbred ewes and a highly significant superiority in prolificacy These results suggest that using the described method, 2% of rams seems more than adequate to mate with progestagen-synchronized ewes with a satisfactory fertility level. It is, however, recommended to use homogeneous groups of ewes.

scholarly journals On Newcomb's method of investigating periodicities and its application to Brückner's weather cycle

1914 ◽  
Vol 90 (619) ◽  
pp. 349-355
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Numerical Work ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Great Simplicity

During the last few years of his life Prof. Simon Newcomb was keenly interested in the problem of periodicities, and devised a new method for their investigation. This method is explained, and to some extent applied, in a paper entitled "A Search for Fluctuations in the Sun's Thermal Radiation through their Influence on Terrestrial Temperature." The importance of the question justifies a critical examination of the relationship of the older methods to that of Newcomb, and though I do not agree with his contention that his process gives us more than can be obtained from Fourier's analysis, it has the advantage of great simplicity in its numerical work, and should prove useful in a certain, though I am afraid, very limited field. Let f ( t ) represent a function of a variable which we may take to be the time, and let the average value of the function be zero. Newcomb examines the sum of the series f ( t 1 ) f ( t 1 + τ) + f ( t 2 ) f ( t 2 + τ) + f ( t 3 ) f ( t 3 + τ) + ..., where t 1 , t 2 , etc., are definite values of the variable which are taken to lie at equal distances from each other. If the function be periodic so as to repeat itself after an interval τ, the products are all squares and each term is positive. If, on the other hand, the periodic time be 2τ, each product will be negative and the sum itself therefore negative. It is easy to see that if τ be varied continuously the sum of the series passes through maxima and minima, and the maxima will indicated the periodic time, or any of its multiples.

Shaping Monkey-Human Contact

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Aarons
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Human Relationship ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
Experimental Behavior ◽  
Long Term Studies

An empirically ordered sequence of 11 steps is described for the training of progressive increases in physical contact between monkeys and Es. The steps range from a point at which food is not accepted from E's hand, through the touching and petting of varied parts of the monkey's body, to the monkey climbing on or being held by E. Some illustrative data are presented and it is suggested that evaluation of the animal-human relationship is relevant to long-term studies in experimental behavior therapy.

Loss of Spatial Orientation, Constructional Apraxia and Gerstmann'S Syndrome

1944 ◽  
Vol 90 (380) ◽  
pp. 753-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Stengel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Dominant Hemisphere ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
War Injuries ◽  
Constructional Apraxia ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Gerstmann’S Syndrome

In recent years important additions to the knowledge of the symptomatology in cases with involvement of the parietal lobe have been made. Both constructional apraxia (Kleist, 1922) and Gerstmann's syndrome, consisting of finger-agnosia, disturbance of right-left orientation, agraphia and acalculia (1924) have been related to lesions of the angular gyrus of the dominant hemisphere. Before the description of those symptoms, a loss of spatial orientation had been described in cases with lesions of the same localization. Balint (1910), Riddoch (1917), and others had observed that symptom in single cases, but the most comprehensive description was given by Gordon Holmes (1918), who studied it in a case-material of war injuries. When Holmes and his co-workers published their observations, constructional apraxia and Gerstmann's syndrome were still unknown. Loss of spatial orientation as a fully developed symptom is rare, while the other two disorders are not uncommon. For this reason the psychopathological relationship of those symptoms is still insufficiently understood. The following case offers an opportunity for studying the problem:

scholarly journals Physical Activity and Psychological Well-Being: Testing Alternative Sociological Interpretations

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
William McTeer ◽  
James E. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Zero ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between physical activity in sport and feelings of well-being, testing alternative interpretations of the relationship between these two variables. It was expected that there would be positive relationships between physical activity on the one hand and physical fitness, feelings of well-being, social interaction in the sport and exercise environment, and socioeconomic status on the other hand. It was also expected that physical fitness, social interaction, and socioeconomic status would be positively related to psychological well-being. Further, it was expected that any positive zero-order relationship of physical activity and well-being would be at least in part a result of the conjoint effects of the other variables. The analyses were conducted separately for the male and female subsamples of a large survey study of Canadian adults. The results, after controls, show a modest positive relationship of physical activity and well-being for males but no such relationship for females. The predicted independent effects of the control factors obtained for both males and females. Interpretations of the results are discussed.

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