The frequency of overweight and obesity occurrence among Polish children (age 6–7 years) in relation to the place of residence, the education level of parents and the number children in the family

AbstractThis study sought to evaluate the number of those overweight and the rate of obesity among 6- and 7-year-olds living in Poland with regard to their place of residence, the parental level of education and the number of children in the family. The analysis was based on a survey of 64 544 children (33 051 boys and 31 493 girls) living in Poland. Overweight and obesity were defined based on body mass index (BMI) using the IOTF cut-off points. To evaluate the rates of overweight and obesity occurrence in children with regard to family socio-economic status, parental level of education, the number of children in the family, and the place of residence (divided into city and village) was used. ‘Only children’ were the most likely group to be overweight or obese. These children were twice as likely to be obese as their peers living in families with four or more children. Overweight and obesity occurred more often amongst children living in cities rather than those living in rural areas. Moreover, these conditions were more frequent among children whose parents had higher levels of education. The most significant predictors of childhood overweight and obesity were the number of children in the family and the educational level of the mother

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Determinants of fertility in Russian families

Moscow University Economics Bulletin ◽

10.38050/01300105202066 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (6) ◽

pp. 104-123

Author(s):

Kamilya Sakhbetdinova

Keyword(s):

Birth Rate ◽

World Values Survey ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Econometric Methods ◽

Sociocultural Attitudes ◽

The Family ◽

Demographic Processes ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Demographic Policy

Competent demographic policy implies an understanding by the state of the economic, social, and demographic processes taking place in society. In earlier Russian and foreign studies, the authors found a number of fertility factors, however, the direction of influence of such determinants could be opposite. Aware of the special influence of sociocultural attitudes and values of the population on the number of children in a family, the author made an attempt to identify the determinants of fertility based on an empirical study of the World Values Survey. Using statistical and econometric methods, models that reflect the determinants of fertility in modern Russia were constructed. This work revealed a positive effect on the birth rate of religiosity, traditional views and the importance of the family for the respondent. Inversely related to the number of children in a family such factors as the level of education of the population and the value of leisure.

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Factors of Poverty of Families with Children and Prospects of Its Reduction

Level of Life of the Population of Regions of Russia ◽

10.19181/1999-9836-2019-10065 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 63-75

Author(s):

Valeriy Yelizarov ◽

Arseniy Sinitsa

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Living Conditions ◽

Standard Of Living ◽

Poor People ◽

Socioeconomic Indicators ◽

Number Of Children ◽

The Family ◽

Main Factors ◽

Households With Children ◽

Families With Children

The authors consider the data of Rosstat, which characterize the poverty of households and families with children in the country as a whole. The analysis was carried out taking into account the demographic characteristics of families and households, since they have a significant impact on poverty rates. The expenditures of families and households with children, income and its purchasing power of families with children, features of employment and unemployment of women with children, and living conditions of families with children are considered.The Object of the Study are families with children.The Subject of the Study is the poverty of families with children.The Purpose of the Study. Study of indicators on living conditions of families with children, and determining the main factors of poverty.The Main Provisions of the Article. Families with children are one of the most needy groups of the population, since their income is usually not sufficient to maintain an acceptable standard of living. Families with children make up the majority of all the poor.In recent years, the poverty of families with children has increased in many ways (for example, the number of poor families and their share among all poor people has increased, their income deficit has risen, irrespective of the fact that the employment of women with children in pre-school age has also increased). This indicates the lack of progress in addressing this important social problem, such as reducing poverty in families with children.The article highlights the main factors that hinder the improvement of living standards for families with children.The most important factor is the number of children in the family, as well as their age. There are more poor people in the families with a large number of children and families with children under the age of three. This is partly due to the low level of development of the network of preschool institutions, as well as to low incomes, since in such families women's employment is low. The second important factor is the fact of living in rural areas, where the birth rate is higher and the quality of life is lower. The third factor is the number of adults in the family (including those who are older than working age) who have incomes. The poverty of families with children is primarily influenced by demographic factors, the significance of which is especially high caused by low wages and small amounts of state benefits.The study will provide a better understanding of the nature and consequences of poverty of families with children in regions with different socioeconomic indicators and develop a differentiated system of measures aimed at improving their standard of living, taking into account these differences, including taking into account regional features. Further studies of the factors and extent of poverty will help to objectively assess the possibilities of influencing various factors and, in fact, the prospects for reducing poverty.

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Barreras y facilitadores para el establecimiento de hábitos alimentarios, modelo Póngale Vida®

Revista Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud UDES ◽

10.20320/rfcsudes.v2i2.63 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 117 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana Raquel Gómez-Alpízar ◽

Ana Rocío González-Urrutia ◽

Ofelia Flores-Castro ◽

Xinia Fernández-Rojas

Keyword(s):

Healthy Eating ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Preschool Age ◽

Barriers And Facilitators ◽

Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Family ◽

Healthy Eating Habits ◽

Mixed Approach

Introduction: The Preschool Cycle is a period of changes in nutritional status and eating behavior, constituting a fundamental stage for the development of healthy eating habits, where the family plays a major role. Objective: Identify the main barriers and facilitators for healthy eating in preschool age, with the purpose of designing strategies to prevent childhood overweight and obesity. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted under a mixed approach, with a descriptive and transversal type. Sixty parents or caregivers of preschool children who were part of the model during 2014 at the Mariano Cortés School (urban) and Canada School (rural), completed the questionnaire and twenty-five participated in the focus groups (one focus group in each school). Results: The barriers that the parents and caregivers faced daily included: food rejection by the child, the influence of peers and even the attitudes of adults who share with the child while eating. The facilitators that encourage healthy eating in this stage of life were: establish clear rules when eating, offer a variety of foods and explain to the child the importance of eating fruits and vegetables in a simple way. Conclusion: The barriers and facilitators to promote healthy eating in this stage of the lifetime, must be include as part of future strategies for the prevention of childhood obesity.

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Factors associated with active aging in Chinese elderly in rural areas of Xiangtan County, China†

Frontiers of Nursing ◽

10.2478/fon-2021-0041 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 407-417

Author(s):

Xue-Lian Fu ◽

Jian-Guang Li ◽

Yin-Li Su ◽

Hong-Hong Wang ◽

Yang Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Diseases ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Economic Status ◽

Rural Elderly ◽

Average Score ◽

Active Aging ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chinese Elderly ◽

Number Of Children

Abstract Objectives To explore the level of active aging and correlates among rural elderly in Xiangtan County, China. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to November 2019. A total of 945 rural elderly from 3 towns in Xiangtan County, China, were investigated by using the positive aging evaluation questionnaire (PAEQ), the activity of daily living scale (ADL), and the depression in old-age scale (DIA-S). Results The average score in the PAEQ among the rural elderly of Xiangtan County was 72.81 (range = 21–105). A moderate negative correlation was found between the score in the PAEQ and those in the ADL (r = −0.361) and DIA-S (r = −0.495). Symptoms of depression (β: −0.321, P = 0.001), number of chronic diseases (β: −0.281, P = 0.001), subjective economic status (β: 0.239, P = 0.001), ADL (β: −0.196, P = 0.001), education (β: 0.126, P = 0.001), number of children (β: 0.097, P = 0.001), and marital status (β: −0.060, P = 0.001) were significantly associated with levels of active aging in rural elderly, whereas gender and age were not independently related to active aging. Conclusions The level of active aging is at a moderately high level in the Chinese elderly in rural areas in Xiangtan County. The focus group of active aging in rural areas should be elderly people suffering from chronic diseases, physical decline, poor education and economic conditions, childlessness, and those without partners.

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Karakteristik Sosial Ekonomi dan Kesehatan Maternal

Kesmas National Public Health Journal ◽

10.21109/kesmas.v6i3.104 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 133

Author(s):

Rindang Ekawati

Keyword(s):

Maternal Health ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Place Of Residence ◽

Chi Square ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Birth Attendance ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Government

Kesehatan maternal yang tergolong tinggi di Indonesia merupakan indikator keberhasilan pembangunan pada Millenium Development Goals yang terus diupayakan untuk diperbaiki. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubunganantara karakteristik sosial, demografi, dan ekonomi dengan tingkat kesehatan ibu. Penelitian yang menggunakan sumber data sekunder Survei Demografi Kesehatan di Jawa Barat yang mencakup 86 blok sensus yang meliputi 2.150 rumah tangga meliputi 1.100 rumah tangga di perkotaan dan 1.050 rumah tangga di pedesaan. Jumlah sampel terpilih adalah 1.720 wanita pernah kawin berumur 15 – 49 tahun. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif analitik dan uji kai kuadrat. Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara umur ibu, pendidikan ibu, dan indeks kesejahteraan dengan pemilihan tenaga penolong persalinan oleh tenaga kesehatan. Juga terdapat hubunganyang signifikan antara kesertaan dalam program KeluargaBerencana dengan umur ibu, pendidikan, dan indeks kesejahteraan. Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kesertaan ber-KB dengan daerah tempat tinggal dan jumlah anak yang masih hidup. Terdapat hubungan signifikanantara tempat persalinan dengan daerah tempat tinggal, tingkat pendidikan ibu, indeks kesejahtaraan, serta jumlah anak yang masih hidup.Kata kunci: Sosial ekonomi, kesehatan maternal, pemakaian kontrasepsiAbstractHigh level of maternal health in Indonesia is one of Millenium Development Goal’s indicators, so that the government continually put this variable as priority to be improved. This study attempted to know the relationship between social, demographic, and economic characteristics with maternalhealth. Data source is obtained from Demographic and Health Survey 2007, West Java Province, which included 86 census blocks, 2.150 households. Among 2.150 households, 1.100 live in urban area, while 1.050 in rural area. Total selected sample is 1.720 ever married women aged between 15 – 49 years old. This research using chi-square test to observed whether thereis a significant relationship between age, level of education, and wealth indexes with birth attendance. There is also significant relationship between contraceptive use with women’s age, level of education, and level of wealth indexes. While, there is no significant relationship between contraceptiveuse with place of residence and number of children alive. According to the result, there is significant relationship beetween place of birth delivery with place of residence, level of education, wealth indexes, and number of children alive.Key words: Socioeconomic, maternal health, contraceptive use

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Geographical variation and urban-rural disparity of overweight and obesity in Chinese school-aged children between 2010 and 2014: two successive national cross-sectional surveys

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025559 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. e025559 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yanhui Dong ◽

Yinghua Ma ◽

Bin Dong ◽

Zhiyong Zou ◽

Peijin Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Childhood Overweight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Chinese Children ◽

Western China ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽

Urban Rural ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

PurposeThe urban-rural disparity for childhood overweight and obesity shows different patterns in most countries. This study aimed to examine the recent trend of urban-rural disparity for childhood overweight and obesity at national and subnational levels in Chinese children from 2010 to 2014.DesignTwo successive national cross-sectional studies. Overweight and obesity were classified using Chinese national age-specific and sex-specific body mass index reference. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was compared between urban and rural areas at national and subnational levels.SettingThirty-one provinces in China.ParticipantsData were obtained from the Chinese National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health in 2010 and 2014 with 215 214 (107 741 in 2010 and 107 473 in 2014) children aged 7–12 years.ResultsThe overweight and obesity prevalence increased from 17.1% in 2010 to 22.5% in 2014. The overweight and obesity prevalence in both urban and rural areas was higher in the eastern provinces but lower in the western provinces. The urban-rural disparity in overweight and obesity decreased steadily from 2010 to 2014 (1.79 to 1.42 for prevalence OR). There was greater urban-rural disparity in western China than eastern China. A reversal occurred in 2014 in several eastern provinces where the overweight and obesity prevalence in rural children surpassed that of their urban peers.ConclusionsA narrowing urban-rural disparity and the reversal signal between urban and rural areas in overweight and obesity would contribute to a growing proportion of obese children in rural areas. Therefore, urgent region-specific policies and interventions with a forward-looking approach should be considered for Chinese children, especially in rural areas.

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The External Factors Associated with Stunting Occurrence among 12 – 59 Months Old Toddler

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.b1030.0982s919 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2S9) ◽

pp. 137-140

Keyword(s):

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Economic Status ◽

Intervention Strategy ◽

Child Rearing ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

Community Based ◽

Minimum Income ◽

The Family ◽

Guaranteed Minimum Income

Background: Intervention strategy employed in solving stunting cases should be comprehensive by focusing on both direct (internal) and indirect factors (external). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to observe the indirect factors influencing the occurrence of stunting in toddlers. Methods: The study design used was community-based case control with the population comprising of toddlers between 12-59 months old. The sample size included 49 cases and 98 controls, and the stunting was measured by using anthropometry. Furthermore, short toddlers were indicated by nutrition status which was determined by the ideal height in certain age and .compared with the provision of WHO-MGRS (Multicentre Growth Reference Study) that any toddler with z-score less than -2 SD is short and less than -3 SD is categorized as very short. Results: The multivariate analysis conducted proved that toddlers with inadequate child-rearing have a greater risk (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 3.03 (95% CI: 1.15-7.98) of experiencing stunting compared to those raised adequately. Those living in families below Guaranteed Minimum Income (GMI) has a greater risk (AOR = 4.63 (95 % CI: 1.701-12.63) of stunting compared to those in families with above Guaranteed Minimum Income (GMI). It was also found that those without exclusive breastfeeding has a greater risk (AOR = 4.53 (95 % CI: 1.64-12.49) compared to those with exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion: The intervention methods needed to improve stunting’s problem-solving in rural areas include giving adequate child-rearing, improving the economic status of the family, and parent's knowledge about giving exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months.

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Styles of Communication inside Family and its Relation with the Self-Affirmation of the Sixth Grade Primary School in Jeddah

المجلة العربية للعلوم ونشر الأبحاث مجلة العلوم التربوية والنفسية ◽

10.26389/ajsrp.f070718 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Fatima Mohsen Shaher Al Awfi

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

Birth Order ◽

Family Size ◽

Nuclear Family ◽

Economic Status ◽

Sixth Grade ◽

Communication Styles ◽

Future Research ◽

Level Of Education ◽

The Family

The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between communication styles within the family and its impact on self-affirmation on female students at the sixth-grade primary school in Jeddah. This study was conducted on a sample of 252 students which were selected randomly. The researcher used the correlative/ comparative descriptive approach in conducting this particular study. Scales of both communication styles as well as self-affirmation were chosen and the following results were obtained. The method supplies or top offensive common methods of communication within the family by medium (24.60), followed by an average affirmative method (22.98) and third style skylights average (19.63), finally came the affirmative method average (15.51), affirmative behavior also achieved Level (average), median (44.87) and a percentage of (56.08%). A positive relationship with a statistic significant was existed between all communication styles and self-affirmation of the participants except for the manipulative style. In addition, differences with a statistic significant were discovered between the medium degrees of communication styles and parents’ level of education. Furthermore, differences with a statistic significant were appeared on the participants’ medium degrees according to their family economic status. Conversely, no differences were pointed out for the manipulative and assertive styles. Moreover, differences with a statistic significant were noted on the participants, medium degrees in accordance with their birth order in the family. No differences were marked between participants for the aggressive and affirmative styles. Additionally, differences with a statistic significant were found between the participants, degrees in communication styles and their family size especially in the aggressive style. These differences were clear for those with an extended family while the differences between the affirmative and assertive styles were for students related to a nuclear family. No differences were obtained between both styles the passive and the manipulative. Furthermore, differences with a statistic significant were revealed between the participants, medium degrees of self-affirmation and their family level of education for those with post-secondary education parents. Similarly, differences were observed between the participants, self-affirmation and their family economic status for those with an outcome less than (5000) Riyals. Finally, based on the current study there were no differences with statistic significant among participants, medium degrees on their self-affirmation according to their birth order and their family size. In light of this study, several recommendations and future research were suggested.

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Within country differences of the association between parity and overnutrition in Peruvian women

10.7287/peerj.preprints.363 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Julio A. Poterico ◽

Carlos A. Huayanay-Espinoza ◽

Rodrigo Carrillo-Larco ◽

J. Jaime Miranda

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Positive Association ◽

Wealth Index ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Place Of Residence ◽

Significance Level ◽

The Relationship

Background: Evidence denotes a direct association between parity and overnutrition in developing societies. This work aims to assess the relationship between them in Peruvian women, and to investigate whether this association varies by place of residence and socioeconomic status. Methods: We used secondary data from the National Health and Demographic Survey 2011 of Peru (ENDES 2011). Parity was the independent variable, defined as the number of children ever born to a woman. The outcome variable was the body mass index (BMI), with cut-off points of 25-30 kg/m2 and ≥30 kg/m2, for overweight and obesity; respectively. We included other variables due to their potential confounding or modification effect, such as: age, place of residence, wealth index, education, and frequency of watching television. We used a significance level of 5%. Results: We analyzed information of 18262 women. The mean BMI was 25.9 Kg/m2 (SD±4.6). The overall prevalence of obesity and overweight was of 17.2% and 35.0%, respectively. Rural and urban women reported having had 2.5 (95%CI: 2.4-2.6) and 1.5 (95%CI: 1.4-1.5) ever born children, respectively. We found a positive association between parity and overnutrition, and identified the effect modification of place of residence and wealth. The relationship between parity with overweight or obesity was stronger in urban than in rural areas. Women in the bottom and top groups of wealth index showed stronger associations than the other categories of socioeconomic status. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the more childbirths a woman has, the more likely she is of being overweight or obese. This relationship varies by socioeconomic status and area of residence. Identification of increased BMI in women, especially after the first childbirth, should be evaluated in primary care to establish adequate public health policies to tackle obesity in Peruvian women.

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Which Love Language do You Speak With Your Child? What Are the Effects of your Age, Level of Education, Work Status, and the Number of Children in the Family on the Used Love Languages?

International Journal of Learning and Development ◽

10.5296/ijld.v9i2.15012 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 187

Author(s):

Reham Al-Mohtadi ◽

Intisar Turki Al-darabah ◽

Khaled Mohamad Hamaden

Keyword(s):

Arab World ◽

Common Type ◽

Work Status ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Number Of Children ◽

The Family ◽

Mother’S Age ◽

Love Language ◽

The Relationship ◽

Education Work

The purpose of the current study was to identify which languages of love that the mother used with her child. In addition, it examined the effect of mother’s age, level of education, work status, and the number of children in the family on the extent of the mother’s use of love languages. The study sample consisted of 729 mothers from the study population. The researchers used a questionnaire instrument that consisted of 105 items that were groups into five dimensions that represent the five love languages proposed by Gary Chapman, (1992). The researchers adopted and adjusted five love languages questionnaire to make it appropriate to be used in the Arab world. The questionnaire instrument was presented to panel of experts to check its validity. Appropriate statistical analysis methods were performed on participants’ responses to the questionnaire. The findings showed that the most common type of love language that the mothers used to speak with their children was “acts of service”, while the least common type of love language that the mothers used to speak with their children was “words of affirmation”. In addition, the results showed that there were no significant differences in the extent of the mother’s use of love languages based on mother’s age, level of education, work status, and the number of children in the family. Based on the findings, the study provided some recommendations that were related to the important guidance roles of the institutions, centers and associations that concerned with the childhood sector and the parental relationship. These institutions, centers and associations should conduct training sessions and seminars that aim to discuss the nature of the relationship between mothers and their children. They should publish more training manuals and records that discuss the concept of love between the mother and her child and improve parents understanding of the love relationship between the mother and her child. Another important recommendation was related to the need to conduct more research studies to understand the relationship between the mother and her child.

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