The resonance and impact of Economics of Shortage

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balázs Hámori
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
The State ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Practices ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Need To Evaluate

Since the first publication of Economics of Shortage in 1980, an entire economist generation has grown up, whose members are well-versed in numerous sub-themes of the economic sciences. They find their way around the most modern methodological schools, yet they know significantly less about the workings of the social systems. To the younger generations, the socialist system, whose heritage still lives with us and whose characteristic behavioural forms and attitudes have not yet disappeared at all from the economic practices of the post-socialist countries, seems like the distant past, just like the Turkish occupation or the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy.The target audience of Kalligram Publishing House is this generation, to the majority of whom János Kornai’s works will probably come as a revelation. The years of crisis — whose end is still far off — has made even those uncertain about the workings of economic systems, who have personal experiences of the decades of socialism. Therefore, it would be quite important for them to re-read Kornai’s works written during the socialist era in order to be able to grasp the workings of economic systems through the help of balanced and objective analyses. Moving beyond the momentary shocks and nostalgias, the older ones also have a great need to evaluate the roles of the market and the state in a bias-free manner resting on a solid theoretical foundation, to realistically see the mechanisms of shortage and surplus economies. This way it is perhaps possible to avoid “going down the same river twice”, which disappears somewhere underground and never reaches the sea.

scholarly journals VECTOR MODIFICATION OF MODERN SOCIAL STATE

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Константин Сигалов ◽  
Konstantin Sigalov ◽  
Ольга Родионова ◽  
Olga Rodionova
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Social Function ◽  
The State ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Social State ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
The Social

In article features of the present stage in development of the social state are investigated, the main reasons which crammed many modern states are established to reconsider priorities in the social policy and also foreign experience of those states which, despite an economic crisis, could keep stable social systems is analyzed. Authors of article propose measures which could promote increase in efficiency of social function of the state in Russia at the present stage.

scholarly journals Towards an Explanation of the Social Value of Health Systems: An Interpretive Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Beth Whyle ◽  
Jill Olivier
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Explanatory Theory ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Value Of Health

Background: Health systems are complex social systems, and values constitute a central dimension of their complexity. Values are commonly understood as key drivers of health system change, operating across all health systems components and functions. Moreover, health systems are understood to influence and generate social values, presenting an opportunity to harness health systems to build stronger, more cohesive societies. However, there is little investigation (theoretical, conceptual, or empirical) on social values in health policy and systems research (HPSR), particularly regarding the capacity of health systems to influence and generate social values. This study develops an explanatory theory for the ‘social value of health systems.’ Methods: We present the results of an interpretive synthesis of HPSR literature on social values, drawing on a qualitative systematic review, focusing on claims about the relationship between ‘health systems’ and ‘social values.’ We combined relational claims extracted from the literature under a common framework in order to generate new explanatory theory. Results: We identify four mechanisms by which health systems are considered to contribute social value to society: Health systems can: (1) offer a unifying national ideal and build social cohesion, (2) influence and legitimise popular attitudes about rights and entitlements with regard to healthcare and inform citizen’s understanding of state responsibilities, (3) strengthen trust in the state and legitimise state authority, and (4) communicate the extent to which the state values various population groups. Conclusion: We conclude that, using a systems-thinking and complex adaptive systems perspective, the above mechanisms can be explained as emergent properties of the dynamic network of values-based connections operating within health systems. We also demonstrate that this theory accounts for how HPSR authors write about the relationship between health systems and social values. Finally, we offer lessons for researchers and policy-makers seeking to bring about values-based change in health systems.

scholarly journals Public Health in Different Political Systems of the State

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Andrzej Pawłucki
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Political System ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Health Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Related

Abstract The goal of this paper is to explain the dependence between the political system of the state: collectivist, conservative, and liberal in a postmodern society, and public health-related practice. In the consideration of different systems of physical culture, including the system of health culture known as public health, Niklas Luhmann’s theory of social systems has been used. The social system of health culture, hitherto known as the system of public health, is acknowledged as a variety of social systems of physical culture, whereas the health gymnasion is one of many possible centers of habilitation, recreation, and rehabilitation of the body. It is argued that an educating society can only persist successfully if the state does not lose control in the struggle against the ideologues of neoliberal forces hostile to the solidarity-based and welfare state.

Ensuring Sustainability of the Social Order as a Priority in the Field of National Security

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-25
Author(s):  
Hryhorii Sytnyk ◽  
Mariia Orel
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social System ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
The State ◽  
System Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Hierarchical Levels ◽  
The Stability

The purpose of the article is to analyze the factors on which the stability of the social order depends and to substantiate the expediency of its priority in the sphere of national security. The scientific novelty of the article is the justification of the interrelationship between national security and the stability of the social order in the need’s context to merge society around the goals that guarantee its security. Conclusions. The study shows that the sustainability of the social order ensures the existence and security of society and social institutions. We analyzed the axiological dimension of social order and sustainability through the disclosure of the social function of value orientation. We see them as the basis for the choice of action of the elements of social systems. In this context, we emphasized justifying the importance of a conceptual framework for its sustainability that considers the socio-cultural specificities of society and the values of the indivisible. We have shown that the main reason for the danger of social order and stability leading to the disintegration of society is the disparity of traditional values. They inform society of the ideological principles, program goals, and legal norms concerning its existence and the development of the State, which are determined by the highest political leadership. This makes it advisable to study the social system in question, its hierarchical levels, and their interrelationships. Hierarchical levels (moral, legal, conceptual) are described, their interrelationship is described, and it shows the category of sustainability to reflect the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the social order as a social system. Level – the quality (conflict-free) of its internal structuring. Emphasis has been placed on the desirability of distinguishing, at the conceptual level, the social order from the conceptual and ideological, and programmatic aspects this ensures that political decisions are made at the strategic level of public administration and that the strategic objectives of society, the means, and means of achieving them in national security, are justified. It has been established that the most effective means of destroying the State is to generate the prerequisites for threatening the stability of the social order, Therefore, the priority task of the actors of public administration and administration is to develop and implement a set of measures aimed at structuring and harmonizing principles, values and objectives at and between hierarchical levels of social order. We have identified basic prerequisites for the effectiveness of these measures, including mutually agreed goals, timetables, means, and methods of implementing strategies for socio-political and socio-economic development. Key words: social order, national security, public administration, social order and stability risks, value orientations, social order levels

The ‘state’ of degrowth: Economic growth and the making of state hegemony in Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-527
Author(s):  
Bengi Akbulut
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Social Imaginary ◽  
Growth Functions ◽  
Collective Goal ◽  
The Social ◽  
Distributional Conflicts ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Social Collective

Critical perspectives on economic growth have laid bare the fragility of the assumed link between material growth and socio-ecological wellbeing. The appeal of economic growth, however, goes beyond the economic sphere. As a societal goal, growth is often mobilized to pre-empt and/or co-opt opposition around issues of social justice and redistribution. Not only does the constitution of growth as a collective goal serve to unite the internally fragmented sphere of the social and brush aside (class-based) distributional conflicts, but it also enables the distribution of material concessions to subordinate classes for eliciting their consent. The degrowth proposal should thus more broadly tackle the material and discoursive ways in which growth enables the reproduction of contemporary political-economic systems. This paper argues that the notion of growth functions as a powerful ideal that shapes state–society relationships and social-collective imaginations. It demonstrates this by discussing the making of state in Turkey through a Gramscian perspective, where the notion of economic growth is deeply imprinted in the broader practices of the state to legitimize its existence and dominates the social imaginary in a way that cannot be easily dismissed. Against this backdrop, the possibility of not only effectuating, but also imagining and desiring degrowth would call for a radical reconfiguration of state–society relationships. Within this context, the Kurdish Freedom Movement’s project of Democratic Economy emerges as an alternative, both to the nation-state paradigm and to the imperative of economic growth.

scholarly journals UM OLHAR TÉCNICO PEDAGÓGICO SOBRE PROGRAMAS EDUCACIONAIS E ESTUDANTES COM DEFICIÊNCIAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-774
Author(s):  
Edijan Santos de Gois ◽  
Alexandra Silva Santos ◽  
Advanusia Santos Silva de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
The State ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Experience Report ◽  
Educational Assistance ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Inclusion Process ◽  
The Social

Objective: Knowing the importance of including students with disabilities in ordinary education, this research was carried out to analyze the challenges of including students with disabilities in educational programs, from a technical and pedagogical perspective. Methods: The social actors in this research were students with disabilities seen in the NPME, Fluency Assessment and PDDE programs. The study was done through a personal (auto) biographical experience report, and the collaborator, participating in this research, is a pedagogical technician of the Municipal Secretariat of a city in the State of Sergipe and acts as Coordinator of the educational programs focused on: PNME, Assessment of fluency and PDDE, being called Santos, having their identity preserved. Results: Thus, the difficulties encountered by the employee in monitoring the inclusion programs for students with disabilities, and the achievements through such programs for the inclusion process were pinned. Conclusion: Based on the experiences lived, at the head of the programs, the Santos employee, ponders the need for advances in the pedagogical proposals for the students, the target audience of this study, but highlights some achievements, nonetheless. In the Novo Mais Educação Program, the workshops notoriously provided for the strengthening of bonds of affection among students. However, for there to be educational assistance with a view to inclusion, it is also important that effective means for the execution of programs and inclusion of students are made possible.

scholarly journals Implementation of the state policy on children in Tula oblast

2021 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Anatolievna Shaidenko ◽  
Elena Yakovlevna Orekhova ◽  
Nikolaevna Kipurova Svetlana
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
The State ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
State Legislation ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The One

The profound and comprehensive crisis faced by the Russian Federation in the 1990s severely affected families and children. With the advent of the new millennium, however, funding for all aspects regarding family and children increased and the role and responsibilities of state agencies were enshrined in legislation. The change in interpersonal relations, women’s employment, and the focus on reducing the number of orphanages through various forms of foster care support the need for new ideologies and measures to support families and orphans and children left without parental care. This supports the importance of analyzing the regional policy in the sphere of family and orphans based on the state legislation on the one hand and the regional normative legal documents stemming from this experience on the other. The study uses the methods of specific sociological techniques: surveying, content analysis of the regional press on the problems of the social sphere, and analysis of legislative and regulatory documents and statistical data. The article identifies the problems present in education in the studied region, as well as significant positive changes primarily in rehabilitation work with parents deprived of parental rights to return children to their families. The authors propose a strategy for early prevention of family dysfunction based on increased cooperation between all regional subjects of upbringing. Forms of socio-pedagogical support for families with foster children are highlighted separately. The main reason for the continuing problems in the region is the lack of activity on the part of most social systems having the potential of pedagogical impact. In terms of future perspectives, the authors indicate the need to develop educational and developmental multivariate programs focused on the development of competent parenthood in the region.

Institutional Ensuring Anti-Corruption Measures: Problem Statement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. Moskovtsev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Institutional Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Science Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
State And Society

According to the position taken by the author of the article, the main condition for achieving systematic and effective measures to combat corruption is to bring them to the level of specific social systems (state power, education, health, science, culture, etc.). Although the problem of corruption is of national and even global importance, but the prevalence of general measures among anti-corruption practices is an obvious source of formalization, companionship and inefficiency. This position is linked in the article with the provision that a corruption is not a separate social system. At its core, a corruption of social institutions is a violation of their normal functioning and the production of results that are not suitable for society, including economic and social ones. The normality of the institutional functions implementation involves maintaining the necessary correspondence between the elements or institutions that make up the institution. They are divided into formal and informal institutions that have legal significance and do not have one. According to the author, it is due to the lack of the necessary correspondence between institutions in the institutional structure of specific social systems that the latter begin to systematically produce mass violations of formal norms, including corruption, to which the state and society respond first of all. At the same time, even more large-scale violations of norms that capture the micro-level of society remain in the shadows. In conclusion, the article highlights the main problem in the institutional ensuring anti-corruption. If formal norms are largely subjected to administrative influence, then the informal institutional space of the social system is formed culturally and historically and mainly by the forces of the public. Therefore, without the productive interaction of the state and society, which are the main forces that form the institutional structure, neither the necessary systemic institutional support in combating corruption, nor the desired and resulting consistency in this counteraction, is achievable.

scholarly journals Resilience of Social-Infrastructural Systems: Functional Interdependencies Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 606
Author(s):  
Zhuyu Yang ◽  
Maria Fabrizia Clemente ◽  
Katia Laffréchine ◽  
Charlotte Heinzlef ◽  
Damien Serre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Theory ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Highway Infrastructure ◽  
Functional Models ◽  
The Social

Critical infrastructures serve human activities and play an essential role in societies. Infrastructural systems are not isolated but are interdependent with regard to social systems, including those of public health and economic and sustainable development. In recent years, both social and infrastructural systems have frequently been in dysfunction due to increasing natural or human-made disasters and due to the internal and external dependencies between system components. The interconnectedness between social-infrastructural systems (socio-economic systems and technical-infrastructural systems), implies that the damage to one single system can extend beyond its scope. For that reason, cascading dysfunction can occur and increase system vulnerability. This article aims to study the functional interdependencies between social-infrastructural systems and to propose a methodology to analyse and improve the resilience of these systems. Combining Actor Network Theory and the Functional Models approach, the social-infrastructural Interdependence Resilience (SIIR) framework was proposed. To assess the applicability of the approach, the framework was applied to study the interdependence of a social-infrastructural system in the Nantes Metropolis. The studied system was composed of the local Highway Infrastructure (an infrastructural system) and the Emergency Medical Service (a social system). The results (1) show the feasibility of SIIR for investigating the interdependencies of two urban systems, and (2) provide a guideline for decision-makers to improve the functional interdependencies of urban systems.

State, Centre and Bureaucracy

1981 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Birnbaum
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Social System ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ideal Type ◽  
The State ◽  
Weak State ◽  
The Social

THE STATE, IN THE STRONGEST MEANING OF THE WORD, IS NOT indispensable to the functioning of civil society. Indeed society can often so organize itself as to prevent the emergence of a state intent on establishing itself as an absolute power. The very existence of the state itself, the consequence of particular sociohistorical processes, upsets the whole of the social system which is henceforth ordered around it. The relationships between the nobility, the bourgeoisie, the working class or, today, the middle classes, differ profoundly according to whether these groups were confronted by a strongly institutionalized state or a centre which exercised essentially co-ordinating functions. Still today the political systems which have simultaneously a centre and a state (France) can be distinguished from those which have a weak state without a real centre (Italy) or a centre without a genuine state (Great Britain, the United States) or neither centre nor state (Switzerland). In the first two cases, in varying degrees, the state dominates and manages civil society; in the two latter, civil society manages itself. It is therefore possible to distinguish societies in which the state attempts to dominate the social system by endowing itself with a strong bureaucracy (ideal type: France; paralle development: Prussia, Spain, Italy) from those in which the organization of civil society makes it impossible for a powerful state and a powerful dominating bureaucracy to emerge (ideal type: Great Britain; parallel development: the United States and the consociational democracies like Switzerland). Without claiming to retrace methodically the history of each of these states or of their political centres, I should like to sketch a broad outline of their evolution with the object of showing that the different relations by which the many governing groups are linked together within the different social systems depend sometimes on the formation of the state and sometimes on the simple formation of a political centre.

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