scholarly journals Bioaccumulation of insecticide in Agaricus subrufescens

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maiara A Carvalho ◽  
Simone C Marques ◽  
Emerson T Martos ◽  
Renê LO Rigitano ◽  
Eustáquio S Dias
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Mushroom Compost ◽  
Great Ability ◽  
Agaricus Subrufescens ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Mushroom Yield ◽  
Casing Layer

Agaricus subrufescens, known as Sun Mushroom, is a high-value mushroom because of its medicinal properties, used as nutraceutical food to stimulate the immune system and to prevent some diseases, including cancer. Mushrooms are generally characterized by their great ability to bioaccumulate heavy metals and other toxic substances from the mushroom compost. Sugarcane bagasse is a common raw material used in mushroom compost production for Agaricus subrufescenscultivation, whereas insecticides, such as fipronil, can be applied to combat several pests in sugarcane crops. For this reason, we aimed to assess mushroom yield and fipronil bioaccumulation in Sun Mushroom, regarding different concentrations added to the mushroom compost (0, 8, 16 and 32 mg kg-1) and casing layer (0, 2, 4 and 8 mg kg-1). Each experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with four replicates. Regression analysis from mushroom production data was applied using SISVAR 5.1 program. Fipronil was quantified using gas-liquid chromatography (HP 6890) with thermionic detector (NPD). Mushroom yield was affected when fipronil was added, decreasing from 12% (compost with 0 mg kg-1 of fipronil) to 4.8% (compost with 32 mg kg-1). However, bioaccumulation was not detected. In contrast, insecticide bioaccumulation was detected when adding fipronil to casing layer, increasing from <0.01 mg kg-1 (casing layer with 2 mg kg-1) to 0.26 mg kg-1 (casing layer with 8 mg kg-1), however, mushroom yield was not affected.

Herba Reudeuep With Modification of Heating In Virgin Cocanut Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyuzan Wahyuzan ◽  
Lukmanul Hakim ◽  
Rahmat Afrizal ◽  
Asmeri Lamona ◽  
Khairuni Khairuni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
The Public ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Traditional medicine in Indonesia has been known by the public before formal health services using modern medicine. Indonesia has many type of herbal plants which have medicinal properties including dadap (Erythrina orientalis). This study aims to utilized dadap herbal liniment by modifying heating in Vigin Cocanut Oil. The study conducted in the laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing using a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor is the addition of 250 ml (M1), 375 ml (m2), and 400 ml (M3) Virgin Cocanut Oil treatment. The second factor is the heating tim of 5 minutes (L1), 10 minutes (L2), and 15 minutes (L3). Observation variable consisted of yield, Specific gravity, and organoleptic test of aroma and colored. The result showed an average yield of 87.70-91.88%. The highest yield was found in the treatment of adding 400 ml Virgin Cocanut Oil and 15 minutes of heating time. The highest type of weight was found in the treatment of addition of 325 ml Virgin Cocanut Oil and 5 minutes heating time. Based on the organoleptic scent test, the everage penalist gives a like answer. Organoleptic colors of reudeuep herbal products is according to SNI number 06-23-2006.

scholarly journals Soybean waste in particleboard production

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Hoffmamm Martins ◽  
Alan Pereira Vilela ◽  
Rafael Farinassi Mendes ◽  
Lourival Marin Mendes ◽  
Lívia Elisabeth Vasconcellos de Siqueira Brandão Vaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Hybrid Eucalyptus

ABSTRACT Brazil is the second largest soybean producer in the world, with a yield of around 96.2 million tons per crop. This high yield leads to a great amount of waste resulting from soybean cultivation, which can reach approximately 41 million tons of waste per year. This material has lignocellulosic properties, which may enable its use as a raw material for particleboard production. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of soybean pods in particleboard production. For particleboard manufacture, wood of the hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla and Eucalyptus grandis was used, added with soybean pods, at proportions of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. For particleboard evaluation, a completely randomized design was used, with five treatments and three replicates, using linear regression and the Scott-Knott test at 5% significance for comparison among the different treatments. The properties apparent density, compaction ratio, water absorption after 2 and 24 hours, thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours in water immersion, internal bonding, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity in bending properties were evaluated. The ratio soybean pod waste and eucalyptus particles in the panels led to an increase in water absorption values and thickness swelling, in addition to a decrease in mechanical properties. The production of panels with approximately 23% soybean pods is feasible.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK AMPLANG IKAN LELE DUMBO (Clarias gariepinus) HASIL VARIASI RASIO DAGING IKAN LELE DAN TAPIOKA

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Priyanto Priyanto ◽  
Yuli Wibowo ◽  
Jay Jayus
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Organoleptic Test ◽  
Fish Flesh ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Protein Properties ◽  
Tapioca Flour ◽  
The Right

The demand for amplang crackers is now increasing. However, the price of its raw material, mackerel fish, is generally higher compare to other fishes, causing the higher cost of this type crackers production. Effort to explore other fish as an alternative raw material is required to overcome the problems. Catfish is one of the choices to be used as raw material since this fish is more available in a market in a lower price, but the protein properties of this fish is different to mackarel, which will be possible to affect the nature of the crackers obtained. To produce catfish amplang crackers to be similar to common amplang product, it is necessary to find out the right composition of catfish and tapioca flour used. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to characterize physico-chemically and organoleptically, the catfish amplang crackers made under different ratio of fish flesh and starch. The experiment was designed using completely randomized design. Physico-chemical data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA, while the organoleptic test data were examined using chi-square method. The effectiveness test was carried out to find the proper ratio of raw materials composition used. The results showed that the higher the ratio of the fish flesh and the starch composition, the lower the texture value of the crackers as an indication of the decrease of its crispness. Although the lightness of the crackers was lowered by the addition of more starch to the dough, its linear expansion and hygroscopicity were not affected. The results of organoleptic test showed that the panelist was prefer to a higher crispness of crackers. The most preferable cracker was the one with 1:2.25 ratio of catfish flesh and starch, showing the characteristic of 1.80% moisture, 2.08% ash, 5.75% protein, 23.55% fat, and 66,93% carbohydrate. Keywords: cracker, catfish, tapioca starch

scholarly journals Pakan Ikan Alternatif Berbahan Baku Lokal untuk Calon Induk Ikan Gurami (Osphronemus gouramy)

Omni-Akuatika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Marnani ◽  
Taufik Budhi Pramono
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Supplemental Feed ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fish Feeds ◽  
Absolute Growth

The aims of this study was to get local raw material of feed fish  able to improve growth anddevelopment of gonads  and composition of the artificial feed and feed supplement that can improvethe reproductive performance of gouramy fish. The method used is the method of completelyrandomized. The research was used completly randomized design with four  treatments and fourrepetition. The treatmens tested were four kinds, pellet commercial (60%) additional sprouts mungbean (Phaseolus radiatus L), fruit peel papaya (Carica papaya) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L) by40%, and a pelleted commercial (100%) as control. Absolute growth ranges from 6-425 g, the relativegrowth of 3.7 to 22.1%, the growth day 1-7,1 g / day, feed efficiency from 7.8 to 29.33%, GSI 0.1 to1.1% and HSI 0.8 to 1.7%. Temperatures ranging from 23- 31,5⁰C, pH 6.6 to 7.5, Oxygen 5.0 - 6.2ppm , ammonia  0 - 0.25 ppm. Supplemental feed mixture (40%) and commercial pellets (60%) canimprove the growth and reproductive performance brood gouramy. Results of measurement oftemperature, pH and ammonia still qualify live gouramy.Keywords : alternative fish feeds, brood, Osphronemus gouramy

scholarly journals Characterization of Activated Carbon from Industrial Solid Waste Agar with a Different Activator Concentrations

Omni-Akuatika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Khuril Zaqyyah ◽  
Sri Subekti ◽  
Mirni Lamid
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Activator Concentration ◽  
Industrial Solid Waste ◽  
Randomized Design

Production of seaweed processing generates a huge amount of waste, either waste solid or liquid waste. For solid waste contains a lot of organic carbon derived from cellulose or hemicellulose. Therefore, the solid waste that has the potential as a raw material of activated carbon. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the activated carbon produced from solid waste agar and determine the optimal concentration of activator that produced the best characteristics of the activated carbon. The treatment used is a different activator concentration which is designed using completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications. The results showed the five treatments are significant differences in the characteristics of the ash and pure active carbon content. This study shows that the manufacture of activated carbon industrial solid waste agar with a different activator concentration influence on the characteristics of the active carbon with ash content parameter and pure active carbon content. The concentration of activator that can provide the highest value of pure activated carbon is in P5 with a concentration of 6 M. Based on this study are advised to do further research on how to lower the ash content of the activated carbon from solid waste agar.

scholarly journals POTENSI KULIT KOPI SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PUPUK KOMPOS DI PROPINSI BENGKULU

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afrizon
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Skin Potential ◽  
Coffee Waste ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Leather Wastes ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Leather Waste ◽  
Fruit Harvest

The experimen of Coffee For Skin Potential Raw Material Compost in Bengkulu Province was conducted from March to June 2010 in the laboratory greenhouse BPTP Bengkulu. The purpose of this study are 1) Testing coffee leather waste into compost in an effort to preserve the environment, 2) Determine the potential of waste as raw material for leather coffee fertilizer in Bengkulu Province. In the manufacture of compost using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were: a) 70% waste + 20% KDP coffee cage + 10% rice bran + EM4 + sugar, b) 80% waste + 10% KDP coffee cage + 10% rice bran + EM4 + sugar, c) 80% waste coffee + 20% KDP cage + EM4 + sugar, d) 80% + 20% of coffee waste Manure + EM4, e) 80% waste + 10% KDP coffee cage + 10% rice bran, f) 80% waste + 20 copies % KDP cage. As for seeing the potential of coffee leather waste by gathering primary and secondary data related to commodities which includes the area planted with coffee and productivity in every district in Bengkulu province. The data collected is the percentage of skin waste of coffee per 100 g, area planted with coffee every district, the content of N, P, K and C organic. The research shows that compost with time for 4 weeks has given the maturity of fertilizer as indicated by the value of C / N between 9.75 to 15.99. The composition of 80% waste + 10% coffee hull Manure + 10% rice bran provides the best compost. Compost made from leather wastes contain nutrients coffee in accordance with ISO standards 19-7030-2004 about compost quality standards. Dried coffee fruit harvest yield 51.2% milled coffee leather waste with a potential of 30,222 tons / year. equivalent to 738.323 tons N / yr. This is identical to substitute with an equal amount of urea (46% N) of 339.628 tons / year. equivalent to 86.434 tons P205/th. This is identical to substitute with an equal value superphos (SP-36) amounted to 31.116 tons / yr, equivalent to 876.438 kg K2O/th or identical substitute KCl (60%) amounted to 525.862tons/year.  Keywords : coffee leather waste, compost, potential

scholarly journals LIMBAH TERNAK KELINCI SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PUPUK ORGANIK POTENSIAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Risvan Anwar ◽  
Djatmiko Djatmiko
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Many Sources

Many sources of raw materials which allegedly can enrich the nutrient content in the organic fertilizer. The weakness of organic fertilizer for this is the low level of nutrients contained in them.This study aims to determine the nutrient content contained in various combinations of organic fertilizer raw materials with rabbit animal waste as the main raw material.This study aims to determine the nutrient content in various combinations of organic fertilizer raw materials with rabbit animal waste as the main raw material. The experiment used a completely randomized design with raw materials as treatments, Livestock Waste Rabbit (LTK), Cow Manure (PKS) and Abu Straw Rice (AJP). Such treatment: B1 = LTK; B2 = LTK: PKS = 2: 1; B3 = LTK: AJP = 3: 1; B4 = LTK: PKS: AJP = 6: 2: 1; B5 = LTK: PKS: AJP = 5: 2: 1; B6 = LTK: PKS: AJP = 4: 2: 1; B7 = LTK: PKS: AJP = 3: 2: 1; B8 = LTK: PKS: AJP = 2: 2: 1; B9 = LTK: PKS: AJP = 1: 2: 1. The research concluded (a) Organic fertilizers are made from various materials raw has fulfilled SNI 19-7030-2004 about the specifications of Organic Waste Compost. (B) A combination of organic fertilizer raw materials significantly affect the nutrient content of manure. (C) Organic fertilizers expectations are: (a) Raw materials of animal wastes rabbit (LTK), (b) LTK: PKS: AJP = 6: 2: 1, (c) LTK: PKS: AJP = 2: 2: 1 and (d) LTK: PKS: AJP = 1: 2: 1.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK HIDROLISAT PROTEIN IKAN BANDENG (Chanos chanos Forsk) DENGAN KONSENTRASI ENZIM BROMELIN YANG BERBEDA Caracteristic of Milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsk) Protein Hydrolysate as effect of Different Bromelin Enzyme Concentration

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Ima Wijayanti ◽  
Romadhon Romadhon ◽  
Laras Rianingsih
Keyword(s):  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Fish Protein ◽  
Chanos Chanos ◽  
Protein Hydrolyzate ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
Randomized Design

ABSTRAK   Ikan Bandeng berpotensi menjadi bahan baku hidrolisat protein ikan karena kandungan protein tinggi dan potensi produksi cukup melimpah. Enzim Bromelin merupakan salah satu enzim protease yang dapat membantu dalam mempercepat reaksi hidrolisa protein. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi enzim bromelin terhadap kualitas hidrolisat protein Ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos Forks) segar. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan perlakuan konsentrasi enzim yang berbeda (4%, 5% dan 6%). Parameter yang diamati adalah nilai kadar protein, lemak, air, karbohidrat, serat kasar dan rendemen.  Konsenterasi enzim bromelin berpengaruh nyata pada nilai kadar protein, lemak, air, abu, serat kasar dan rendemen (P<0,05), tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata pada kadar karbohidrat (P>0,05). Kondisi optimum untuk menghidrolisis daging Ikan Bandeng menjadi hidrolisat protein adalah konsentrasi enzim bromelin 6% dengan waktu hidrolisis selama 6 jam.   Kata kunci: Ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos), hidrolisat protein ikan, enzim bromelin     ABSTRACT   Milkfish is potentially become the raw material of fish protein hydrolyzate because of the high protein content and relatively abundant production. Bromelin is a protease enzyme that can help on improving protein hydrolyzate quality. This research aimed to determine the effect of bromelain enzyme concentration on the quality of the protein hydrolyzate of milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsk) fresh. The experimental design used in this study was completely randomized design with different concentrations of the enzyme (4%, 5% and 6%) as a treatment. The parameters measured were the contents of protein, fat, water, carbohydrates, crude fiber and yield. The concentration of enzyme bromelin significant effect on contents of protein, fat, water, ash, crude fiber and yield (P<0,05), but no effect on carbohydrates content (P>0,05). The optimum conditions to hydrolyze the milkfish meat into a protein hydrolyzate used 6% bromelin enzyme at the time of hydrolysis for 6 hours.  Keywords: Milkfish (Chanos chanos), fish protein hydrolisate, bromelin enzym

scholarly journals Edible coating quality with three types of starch and sorbitol plasticizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 02003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Retno Utami Hatmi ◽  
Erni Apriyati ◽  
Nurdeana Cahyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Edible Coating ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Arrowroot Starch

Edible coating is one form of packaging technology with environmentally friendly theme. The raw materials of edible coating derived from nature, while the waste is decomposed or even zero waste. The research of edible coating using experimental design RAL (completely randomized design) with two factors, namely the type of raw material used tuber starch (cassava, arrowroot and canna) and the percentage of starch (3%, 4% and 5%) (b/v) with three replications time. The quality analisys of edible coating includes the physical properties (thickness (mm), tensile strength (N) and elongation (mm)) and chemical properties (moisture content (%), solubility (%), the water vapor transmissin rate (g/hour) and peroxide (mek/kg). The research showed that the edible coating with sorbitol plasticizer of arrowroot starch 4% provide best physicochemical properties (thickness 0,09mm; 1,63N tensile strength; elongation 84,38mm; water content of 11.19%; solubility of 31.40%; the transfer of water vapor 0,16g / h and 3,20mek/ kg).

Pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak daun mimba dan biji pinang terhadap mortalitas keong mas (Pomacea canaliculata L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Niswatul Ma'wa ◽  
Mohammad Hoesain
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Pomacea Canaliculata ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Apple Snail ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Golden Apple Snail

The golden Apple Snail is one of the rice pest that damaging by shredding the leaves of young plant. The common control has some negative impacts on the environment, so that the application of phyto-moluscides becomes a solution forming environmentally friendly agriculture. Neem and areca nut are one of the raw materials that can be used to control golden apple snails. This study aims to determine the effect of the concentration of neem and areca leaf extracts so the result of the study can be information and recomendations for controlling golden apple snail. This study uses a factorial Completely Randomized Design method, the first factor is extract raw material consisting of neem leaf, areca nut, and combination, while the second factor is consentration 0.25 g/L, 0.50 g/L, 0.75 g/L and control, each treatment gets 3 replications. Extract was applied by direct aplication method. Observations are carried out every 12 hours for 96 hours after aplication. The observed variable is behavior change, inhibition of eating activity and golden snail mortality. Data was analyzed by ANOVA then continued whit Duncan’s advanced test. Based on the result on the parameters that have been tested, raw materials and concentration have the effect of changing behavior from the start of the aplication, inhibition of eating activity, even an increase in mortality of up to 100% in the treatment of areca extract and combination application.

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