Patterns of Eimeria excretion in young Icelandic calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Charlotta Oddsdóttir ◽  
Guðný Rut Pálsdóttir
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Oocyst Excretion ◽  
The Third ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Faecal Consistency ◽  
Second Peak ◽  
Eimeria Infection

Faecal samples were collected from a total of 11 calves on three dairy farms (four from two farms and three from one) where calves generally thrive well and no anti-coccidial treatment is habitually carried out. One of the farms keeps calves in groups on hay/straw bedding, one keeps calves in pairs on plastic slats and then in groups on concrete slats, and the third one keeps calves in groups on concrete slats. Faecal consistency and the total number of Eimeria spp. oocysts per gram faeces (OPG) were determined and species identification was carried out by morphology. Eimeria oocysts were detected in all calves at some point of the study period, and diarrhoea was seen in 55% of the calves. The highest peak in oocyst excretion was 69,300 OPG. The first peak in oocyst excretion was seen 2-3 weeks after calves had been moved to group pens, and a second peak was seen 2-3 weeks later. Nine Eimeria species were found, including E. bovis and E. zuernii. The results are in accordance with previous studies showing that one of the risk factors for Eimeria infection in calves is entering a group pen where older calves are already being kept.

Prevalence and risk factors associated to Eimeria spp. infection in unweaned alpacas (Vicugna pacos) from Southern Peru

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Díaz ◽  
Rosario Panadero ◽  
Rosalía López ◽  
Aida Cordero ◽  
Ana Pérez-Creo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Herd Prevalence ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Southern Peru ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Eimeria Infection

AbstractA total of 350 faecal samples from unweaned alpacas over 3 months of age were collected from 23 herds in order to determine the prevalence of Eimeria spp. in Southern Peru and to identify the risk factors associated to Eimeria infection in young alpacas. Samples were examined by a flotation technique and the identification of risk factors was assessed by a logistic regression analysis. Sixty four percent of the examined animals shed Eimeria oocysts; herd prevalence was 96%, with an intra-herd prevalence of 60% (range 5.9-100%). Five different Eimeria species were identified, being E. lamae (91%), E. alpacae (87%) and E. punoensis (78%) the most prevalent; E. macusaniensis (35%) and E. ivitaensis (13%) were less common. Mixed-species infections were more frequent (78%) than single infections (22%). E. lamae was the most common monospecific infection and E. lamae/E. alpacae the most frequent association. The geographical area has a significant effect on Eimeria infection rates (74.9% wet Puna vs 37.4% dry Puna) as well as the breeding system (65.1% traditional vs 63.8% modern). In contrast, the sex of the animals (64.6% males vs 64.0% females) showed no influence on the prevalence of infection by Eimeria. The high prevalence found at both individual and herd level and the common presence of highly pathogenic Eimeria species may lead to important economic losses for alpaca breeders and could require the implementation of suitable control measures.

scholarly journals Eimeriosis Seasonal Dynamics Patterns at an Organic Sheep Farm in the Czech Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
I.A. Kyriánová ◽  
J. Vadlejch ◽  
I. Langrová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Eimeria Species ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Sheep Farm ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Flotation Technique ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Genus Eimeria ◽  
Eimeria Infection

Abstract This epidemiological study monitored the occurrence of the coccidia genus Eimeria and their species composition over a oneyear period at an organic sheep farm in the Czech Republic. Individual faecal samples were collected from thirty lambs and thirty ewes once a month throughout the whole survey. As a result, 348 and 333 samples from ewes and lambs respectively were evaluated using the faecal flotation technique. The overall prevalence of eimeriosis was 75.7% and 54.0% for lambs and ewes respectively. Four Eimeria species (E. ovinoidalis, E. crandallis/weybridgensis, E. parva, and E. intricata) were identified in both, lambs and ewes, during this survey. The most prevalent species was E. ovinoidalis, with an overall prevalence of 84% in ewes and 85% in lambs, followed by E. parva and E. crandallis/weybridgensis. The oocysts faecal output was seasonal. The highest oocysts per gram levels were detected in February (139 000) and May (250 000) in ewes and in February (1 949 900), March (326 000), and May (187 700) in lambs. The intensity of Eimeria infection differed significantly (P < 0.0001) between ewes and lambs during the monitored period.

Review on Prevalence and risk fa Review on Prevalence and risk factors of Eimeria species in Buffaloes

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Zainab A. Makawi
Keyword(s):  
Eimeria Species ◽  
River Buffalo ◽  
Pathogenic Species ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Buffalo Calves ◽  
Livestock Disease ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
The World ◽  
One Year ◽  
Eimeria Infection

  Abstract The research was performed in order to investigate the prevalence of  Eimeria spp in buffalo. Coccidiosis, is a common livestock disease include water buffaloes and nothing is known about the most pathogenic species of Eimeria. Since the highest prevalence of oocyst shedding and incidence of disease occurs in buffalo calves less than one year of age. The omnipresent occurrence and negative effects of the infection on health and buffalo growth output are taken into account. Therefore, both farmers and veterinarians should pay greater attention to infections with Eimeria spp. And there is little analysis of data reported in Iraq and the world regarding Eimeria infection in river buffalo spp.

scholarly journals Occurrence and diversity of Eimeria species in cattle in Hamedan province, Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 271-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Heidari ◽  
Z. Sadeghi-Dehkordi ◽  
R. Moayedi ◽  
J. Gharekhani
Keyword(s):  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Western Iran ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Hamedan Province ◽  
Cattle Farms ◽  
Eimeria Infection

Information on the occurrence, diversity and economic losses due to Eimeria infection on cattle farms is lacking in Western Iran. The principal aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and diversity of Eimeria species in cattle in Hamedan province, Western Iran. In a cross-sectional study performed from June 2010 to April 2013, 400 faecal samples were collected randomly from animals without clinical signs from different cattle farms of Hamedan province and examined for Eimeria species infection using parasitology methods. The overall infection rate of Eimeria species was 8.25%. Nine species of Eimeria were identified including: E. bovis (23.7%), E. zuernii (19.2%), E. canadensis (12.6%), E. ellipsodalis (11.4%), E. alabamensis (10.4%), E. pellita (9.1%), E. auburnensis (6.8%), E. cylindrica (4.6%) and E. bukidnonensis (2.3%). There were statistically significant differences with respect to Eimeria infection and age group (P &lt; 0.0001, OR = 6), although no statistically significant relationships were found for sex (P = 0.35) or faecal consistency (P = 0.587). In conclusion, this study is the first to report the prevalence and diversity of Eimeria species in cattle in Hamedan province. Infection with pathogenic Eimeria spp. was asymptomatic in all animals; this is the reason for the transmission of infection by carriers in this region. Therefore, integrated strategies should be utilised to prevent and control Eimeria spp. infection on cattle farms. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Ovine Eimeria infections in southern Brazil – prevalence and risk factors

2022 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-240
Author(s):  
Natália Soares Martins ◽  
◽  
Sara Patron da Motta ◽  
Carolina Caetano dos Santos ◽  
Andrios da Silva Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Animal Density ◽  
Eimeria Spp

Eimeria infections are common in sheep industry worldwide, however information about their epidemiology is scarce in southern state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence, species characterization, and associated risk factors between Eimeria species and sheep flocks. Fecal samples from 428 sheep from 21 farms were tested for the presence of oocysts. The overall prevalence of Eimeria spp. was 68.69% and was significantly affected by age of the sheep, with highest prevalence in animals under 18 months of age. Eight Eimeria species were identified. Eimeria ovinoidalis (85.71%) was the most common, followed by Eimeria crandallis (80.95%), Eimeria granulosa (78.95%), Eimeria ahsata (61.90%), Eimeria faurei (42.86%), Eimeria bakuensis (38.10%), Eimeria punctata (14.29%), and Eimeria pallida (9.52%). All herds were positive, with concomitant infections. Among management and husbandry practices; farm size, animal density, farming system, breeding objectives, and pasture system influenced the prevalence of Eimeria species. The infection was more prevalent on small farms with high animal density, in sheep raised for meat, semi-intensive system, and rotational grazing (p < 0.05). The wide distribution of this protozoan and the high frequency of pathogenic species show the importance and potential damage of coccidiosis in sheep flocks in Rio Grande do Sul.

scholarly journals Occurrence of poultry coccidiosis in different management systems in Thrissur, Kerala

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthika R. ◽  
Karthika R. ◽  
Karthika R. ◽  
Karthika R. ◽  
Karthika R. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Backyard Poultry ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Morphology And Morphometry ◽  
Poultry Coccidiosis

Coccidiosis is one of the most prevalent and economically important parasitic diseases caused by the infection with Eimeria species contributing to major economic losses of poultry industry worldwide. In this study, occurrence of Eimeria spp. in chicken reared under different management systems was studied. A total of 300 faecal samples from chicken were collected from six organised poultry farms and six backyard poultry units in and around Thrissur, Kerala. Out of this, 167 faecal samples were from organised farms and 133 from backyard poultry units. All the samples were artificially sporulated and examined for studying the oocysts morphology and morphometry. Out of 167 samples from organised farms 52 were found to be positive for Eimeria spp. while 61 out of 133 samples from backyard poultry were positive. The overall occurrence of Eimeria spp. in chicken from 12 different areas in and around Thrissur was 37.66 per cent (113/300). The species of Eimeria identified on morphological examination were E. tenella, E. necatrix and E. maxima. The occurrence rate of E. tenella was found to be significantly higher (46.01 %) compared to E. necatrix (39.82 %) and E. maxima (14.15 %). The rate of occurrence of Eimeria spp. infection was significantly higher in backyard poultry (45.86 %) compared to that in organised farms (31.13 %).

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors associated with Eimeria species infection in cattle of different geographical regions of Indonesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 2339-2345
Author(s):  
Fitrine Ekawasti ◽  
Raden Wisnu Nurcahyo ◽  
Lintang Winantya Firdausy ◽  
April Hari Wardhana ◽  
Dyah Haryuningtyas Sawitri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Intensively Managed

Background and Aim: Eimeria spp. are gastrointestinal protozoans that affect animal productivity, thereby causing symptoms that range from bloody diarrhea to death. These symptoms cause economic losses to farmers. The distribution of Eimeria spp. in cattle has, therefore, been reported to have spread widely, especially in the tropics and subtropics. Indonesia is a tropical country at high risk of Eimeria infections. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors related to the levels of eimeriosis in beef cattle originating from different geographic areas in Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Here, 817 fecal samples were collected from beef cattle in Indonesia, including 282 calves, 535 adults, 530 males, and 287 females. In addition, 156 semi-intensively and 661 intensively managed cattle were randomly collected. Then, fecal samples were analyzed by parasitology examinations. Results: Screening examination using the sugar flotation modification method showed that Eimeria spp. were prevalent in Indonesia, as 65.4% of the bacterial strain was detected. The prevalence of identified Eimeria spp. in Indonesia was highest in North Maluku (Maluku Island) (94.1%), whereas the lowest levels were observed in West Java (24.0%) (Java Island). The prevalence was also found to be higher in males (79.3%) than females (51.9%). Similarly, levels in semi-intensively managed cattle (66.7%) were higher than those subjected to intensive management (65.9%). However, its prevalence in calf and adult cattle was similar. Conclusion: Bovine eimeriosis spp. were detected at high prevalence in Indonesia, and high-level risks were observed in infected males, including those under the semi-intensive management. In addition, although the results from oocyst examinations were based on qualitative analysis, the endemicity levels of Eimeria spp. among farms in Indonesia should be considered because Eimeria spp. were distributed in most parts of Indonesia. Based on the results of this study, we provide the first information about the prevalence of bovine eimeriosis from different geographical locations in Indonesia, which have differing climates associated with the level of the existing risk factors. Hence, farmers are advised to pay more attention to strict biosecurity techniques on their farms, thereby favoring the early control of bovine eimeriosis.

scholarly journals Traditional Diagnosis of Eimeria spp. in Fallow Deer at Middle Parts of Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ((E0)) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Safaa M. Kareem ◽  
May H. Kawan
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Epidemiological Factors ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Eimeria Infection

Eimeria is an apicomplex protozoon which affects many species of birds, domestic and wild animals including deer. This is the first study in Iraq that was designed for diagnosis Eimeria spp. in deer using traditional methods. Eighty fecal samples of Fallow deer (Damadama) were collected in different provinces in the middle part of Iraq during December 2018 to the end of September 2019. Samples were examined by direct smear and flotation with Sheather's solution. The total infection rate with Eimeria spp. was 70% (56/80), in which higher infection rate was observed in female deer (78%, 39/50). The results also showed that Fawn at age<3-11 months recorded higher rate of infection (86.3%, 19/22). Eimeria infection was more prevalent in Karbala and Baghdad provinces where recorded (73.3% and 72%) respectively, sharp increase of infection recorded during March (87.5%, 7/8). In addition, four species of Eimeria (E. crandalis, E. intricate, E. parva, and E. sordida) were detected in Iraqi deer according to morphological characterization of oocysts. This study highlighted the distribution of some Eimeria species in deer and revealed the effect of some epidemiological factors on prevalence in different middle Iraq provinces.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Eimeria Species in Sheep and Goats in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
pp. 437-442
Author(s):  
Eman AA Hassanen
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Single Clade ◽  
Coccidial Infection ◽  
Intensive System

Eimeria spp. infections are one of the most economically significant diseases of sheep and goats. This study aimed to identify Eimeria spp. and its prevalence in sheep and goats reared under the intensive system in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Faecal samples (n=125) from sheep (n=64) and goats (n=61) were collected in three main rearing cities. Floatation technique was used to detect the coccidian oocysts in collected samples. Oocysts were allowed to sporulate and then identified based on morphological features and molecular analysis. Prevalence of Eimeria spp. infection was 60.9% in sheep (39/64) and 83.6% (51/61) in goats. Nineteen Eimeria spp. were detected in both sheep and goats. In sheep, ten species (E. ahsata, E. pallida, E. intricata, E. ovinoidalis, E. marsica, E. bakuensis, E. faurei, E. granulosa, E. crandallis and E. parva) were identified with E. ahsata being the most prevalent (26.6%). However, only nine species (E. arloingi, E. alijevi, E. ninakohlyakimovae, E. hirci, E. christenseni, E. aspheronica, E. jolchijevi, E. caprina and E. caprovina) were found in goats and E. arloingi was the most common species (45.5%). Mixed infections with Eimeria spp. were detected in 43.6% (17/39) and 74.5% (38/51) of examined sheep and goats, respectively. The sequence of internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) region of E. ahsata was 100% similar to ovine E. ahsata, and clustered in a single clade with E. cardinalis and E. faurei. However, E. arloingi was 100% similar to E. arloingi of goat and clustered with bovine E. ellipsoidalis. Our results showed that coccidial infection in sheep and goats reared under intensive production in Sharkia Governorate is high, suggesting that a strategy for controlling the disease is required in Egypt

Faecal consistency and risk factors for diarrhoea and constipation in cats in UK rehoming shelters

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison C German ◽  
Nigel A Cunliffe ◽  
Kenton L Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Severe Diarrhoea ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Hierarchical Logistic Regression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Faecal Consistency

Objectives The aim of the study was to describe faecal consistency, prevalence and risk factors for diarrhoea and constipation in a rescue cat population. Methods Faecal samples in litter trays from a stratified random sample of cats in pens at 25 UK rehoming centres were scored for consistency in two discrete time periods, summer and winter. A six-point scale was used, with diarrhoea ⩽3, severe diarrhoea ⩽2 and constipation as 6. The effect on faecal consistency of age, number of cats per pen and season was investigated using multivariable hierarchical logistic regression with centre and pen as random effects. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to estimate the effect of pen and centre. Results Overall, 11.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]:10.4–13.7) of cats had diarrhoea, 2.4% (95% CI 1.6–3.7) had severe diarrhoea and 5.6% (95% CI 4.2–7.5) were constipated. The prevalence of diarrhoea (median 11.0%, interquartile range [IQR] 5.0–14.5%) and constipation (median 4.2%, IQR 1.8–5.9) varied at the centre level. Diarrhoea was associated with being a kitten (odds ratio [OR] 2.54, 95% CI 1.45–4.46; P = 0.001) and being in a multi-cat pen (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.04–1.48; P = 0.02) but not with season (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.55–1.77; P = 0.96). Severe diarrhoea was associated with senior cats (OR 4.66, 95% CI 1.25–17.44; P = 0.02). Constipation was associated with increasing age (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1.00–1.01; P = 0.02) and winter (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.21–0.89; P = 0.02). Both diarrhoea and constipation showed moderate correlation with pens within a centre. Conclusions and relevance From IQRs, we suggest acceptable levels for diarrhoea and constipation of 11% and 4%, respectively, targets of 5% and 2%, and intervention at 15% and 6%. Increasing age was associated with decreased risk of diarrhoea and increased risk of constipation. However, severe diarrhoea was associated with being a senior cat. Season (winter) was a risk factor for constipation; multi-cat pens were a risk factor for diarrhoea. Describing the prevalence and risk factors for diarrhoea and constipation in cats will assist their management in this population. Understanding and managing constipation may be more important than interventions to reduce severe diarrhoea.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document