scholarly journals Conceptual Scheme of Motor Asymmetry Control in Aerobic Cyclic Sports

2021 ◽  
pp. 214-225
Author(s):  
Svetlana S. Khudik ◽  
Aleksandr I. Chikurov ◽  
Andrey D. Burmistrov ◽  
Aleksandr L. Voinich
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exertion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Motor Asymmetry ◽  
Conceptual Scheme ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Motor Actions ◽  
Lateral Phenotype

In this article, based on well-known literary data, the motor asymmetry of a person in the training process of aerobic cyclic sports is considered. The authors have analyzed the features of manifestation and consequences of the formation of motor asymmetry, and assessed its impact on sports performance. Motor asymmetry has been found to be based on the genetic characteristics of the organism, but the lateral phenotype may change during a multi-year training process under the influence of physical exertion. Excessive asymmetry has been shown to cause various pathologies and injuries. The results of the study indicate that in aerobic cyclic sports motor asymmetry can be both a factor contributing to the growth of sports performance and a limiting one, depending on what function this or that part of the body performs. Despite the repetitive cycle of motor actions, typical for cyclic sports, only in 3 out of the 8 considered functions performed by limbs or a certain part of the body, motor asymmetry was a limiting factor. This allowed the authors to predict a possible conceptual scheme of motor asymmetry control in aerobic cyclic sports

scholarly journals Trends in Modern Sports Training - Basis of Physical Training for the Cadets from the Combat Branch

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-154
Author(s):  
Fabiana Martinescu-Bădălan ◽  
Crenguța-Mihaela Macovei
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Training System ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sports Training ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Genetic Characteristics

Abstract The training process as well as the adaptation of the body is a multifactorial process. This means that the factors can vary from the morpho-functional and genetic characteristics of the subjects to the patterns of a selected training program, dosed and loaded by the person who leads the instructive-educational process. The body’s adaptation to these factors is directly related to the methods and means used. During the training process it is necessary to follow a series of principles and rules, which help and ensure the proper conduct of the training system for athletes.

scholarly journals THE MORPHOMETRIC RESEARCH IN OF THE SPORT

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
S. Karatieieva ◽  
O. Slobodian ◽  
H. Honchar ◽  
S. Penzay ◽  
A. Karatieieva
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
The Creation

The main problem in training athletes is adequate selection and sports affiliation. Solving the problems of selection involves the creation of a model of the athlete of this sport, a certain set of characteristics that determine athletic performance. This requires anthropometric assessment, morphometric and biometric data to track physical and physiological parameters, information to assess performance and recovery in sports, modification of training regimes to prevent injuries, provide guidance on regulating the use of technologies that used in professional sports, as well as to research and make recommendations for the proper collection, storage and exchange of the health information. One of the important problems of modern morphology is the study of the transformations that occur in the body under the influence of various factors. This problem has acquired particular importance in connection with the development of sports. High sports performance associated with significant loads on the athlete's body encourage scientists, doctors, coaches to search for the physiological reserves of the body and search for optimal modes during training. From this point of view, the study of the transformations that take place in individual organs, systems and in the body as a whole, under the influence of physical loads of varying intensity and nature, is relevant and is of great practical importance. Studies have shown changes in the basic physiological and biochemical parameters in athletes, such as adaptation of the muscular, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems, the nature of muscle energy supply, and tissue metabolism processes. There are also scientific studies that reflect structural changes that appear in the body under the influence of physical exertion. The level of results in modern sports is so great that in order to achieve them, athletes need to have appropriate morphological and functional data, as well as excellent physical and mental abilities. Therefore, the main problem of training athletes is adequate selection and sports orientation. Solving the selection problems involves the creation of a model of an athlete of a given specialization, that is, a certain set of features that determine sports performance. The set of features and the order in which they are listed is different for different sports. In the conditions of sports selection, such morphological characteristics as total body dimensions (length), body proportions, body mass composition are taken into account.

KINEMATIC PARAMETERS OF NODES IN TENNIS SERVE

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
KONSTANTIN K. BONDARENKO ◽  
Anastasiya D. Lebed
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Technical Training ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Tennis Serve ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters ◽  
Motor Actions

Modern sports make high requirements for the implementation of technical elements of the movement. Evaluation of shock actions when serving in big tennis allows you to model the technical training of athletes. The purpose of the article is to determine the kinematic parameters of the movement of body links when performing a pitch in tennis. To perform a motion analysis, we used a knot position method to determine the structural elements of the motion. Depending on the pedagogical tasks, we revealed the main characteristics of the movement using nodes. We determined angular deviations from anatomical positions in joints, between body links performing efficiency of performed action. We revealed the most rational ranges of angular positions between segments of the body. Analysis of biomechanical parameters of movement allows to determine rational trajectories of movement of body links, which makes it possible to select the most effective serving and special exercises aimed at formation of the most effective motor actions and reduction of tension during movement in the player's joints and skeletal muscles. These biomechanical data can then be useful to improve the organization and planning of the training process of tennis players. Knowledge of the range of angular movements and the nature of the change in relative body links helps to reduce joint injuries when serving in tennis.

Parathyroid gland before and after cisplatin treatment

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 860-861
Author(s):  
S.K. Aggarwal ◽  
J.M. Fadool
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Gland ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dna Strands

Cisplatin (CDDP) a potent antitumor agent suffers from severe toxic side effects with nephrotoxicity being the major dose-limiting factor, The primary mechanism of its action has been proposed to be through its cross-linking DNA strands. It has also been shown to inactivate various transport enzymes and induce hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia that may be the underlying cause for some of its toxicities. The present is an effort to study its influence on the parathyroid gland for any hormonal changes that control calcium levels in the body.Male Swiss Wistar rats (Crl: (WI) BR) weighing 200-300 g and of 60 days in age were injected (ip) with cisplatin (7mg/kg in normal saline). The controls received saline injections only. The animals were injected (iv) with calcium (0.5 ml of 10% calcium gluconate/day) and were killed by decapitation on day 1 through 5. Trunk blood was collected in heparinized tubes.

Osteopathic support of sportsmen during the annual training process

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Yakupov ◽  
G. I. Safiullina ◽  
A. A. Safiullina ◽  
E. R. Burganov
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Osteopathic Treatment ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Myofascial Syndrome ◽  
Sports Activities ◽  
Timely Treatment

Introduction. Modern sports places high demands on the functional systems of the body at all stages of the training and competitive processes. High loads create signifi cant background for the occurrence of musculoskeletal diseases, among which the myofascial syndrome (MFS) holds the leading position. MFS negatively affects the functional readiness of the sportsman′s body and is a risk factor for injuries of the musculoskeletal system. In this regard, timely treatment of MFS is important. It creates the conditions for the improvement of sports achievements, for health maintenance and sports longevity. Treatment of patients with MFS should include methods that normalize trophism and muscle tone. Given the problem of doping, the use of non-drug methods, including osteopathy, is preferable. The goal of research — to develop a system of monitoring and osteopathic correction of myofascial disorders (MFD) and to introduce it into the practice of medical and biological support for sportsmen of different categories and levels during the annual training process.Materials and methods. 93 sportsmen (45 women and 48 men), mean age 22,1±1,1 years, representing diffe rent sports were examined. The essence of the proposed system is regular clinical and electroneurophysiological monitoring of the body condition and preventive correction of myofascial disorders in order to exclude their infl uence on the success of sports activities.Results. It was established that the proposed system of monitoring and osteopathic correction led to a signifi cant reduction in clinical and electroneurophysiological manifestations both in local and in extensive forms of myofascial disorders, which allowed to maintain the optimal functional readiness of sportsmen throughout the entire annual training cycle.Conclusion. The system of monitoring and correction of MFS with the use of osteopathic treatment can be one of the elements of medical and biological support for sportsmen during the annual training process.

The antitoxic and protective effects of Curcuma longa and it`s active agent, Curcumin: оverview

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
A. Khisamova ◽  
O. Gizinger
Keyword(s):  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Anti Cancer

In the modern world, where a person is exposed to daily stress, increased physical exertion, the toxic effect of various substances, including drugs. The task of modern science is to find antioxidants for the body. These can be additives obtained both synthetically and the active substances that we get daily from food. Such a striking example is turmeric, obtained from the plant Curcuma longa. Recently, it has been known that curcumin has an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer effect and, thanks to these effects, plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, in particular, from cancer to autoimmune, neurological, cardiovascular and diabetic diseases. In addition, much attention is paid to increasing the biological activity and physiological effects of curcumin on the body through the synthesis of curcumin analogues. This review discusses the chemical and physical characteristics, analogues, metabolites, the mechanisms of its physiological activity and the effect of curcumin on the body.

Body Composition Modifications Due to the “Search, Rescue and Survival Training” in Male Military Firefighter Cadets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Ramos de Barros ◽  
Verônica Pinto Salerno ◽  
Thalita Ponce ◽  
Míriam Raquel Meira Mainenti
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Fat Percentage

ABSTRACT Introduction To train and prepare cadets for a career as firefighters in Rio de Janeiro, the second-year students of the Officers Training Course are submitted to a Search, Rescue, and Survival Training (SRST) course, which is characterized by long periods of high physical exertion and sleep restriction during a 9-day instruction module, and food restriction during a 7-day survival module. The present study investigated changes in the body composition of 39 male cadets submitted to SRST during training and 4 weeks of recovery with no restrictions in food consumption. Materials and Methods Each cadet was evaluated by anthropometric measurements at six time points: pre-SRST; after the first module; after the second module; and after 1, 2, and 4 weeks of recovery. Measurements included body girths and skinfolds, to estimate trunk (chest and waist) and limbs (arm and thigh) dimensions, as well as body composition. Repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman test were applied (depending on each data distribution). Results Statistically significant decreases in body weight (76.2; 69.8-87.2 to 63.9; 58.9-73.5 kg) and fat free mass (FFM, 69.2; 63.7-77.2 to 60.1; 56.2-68.0 kg) were observed following the second module of SRST. Following a single week of recovery, the FFM returned to pre-SRST values. Body weight returned to pre-training levels in 2 weeks. Body fat percentage and mass also significantly decreased during SRST (9.0; 7.7-12.3 to 6.5; 5.1-9.3% and 6.9; 5.6-10.0 to 6.9; 5.6-10.0 kg, respectively), which showed a slower and more gradual recovery that reached pre-SRST values after 4 weeks. The girths of arm, thigh, chest and waist significantly decreased due to SRST. The girths of the limbs (arm and thigh) returned to pre-training values after one month of recovery, while the girths of the trunk (chest and waist) did not return to pre-SRST values during the study period. Conclusions The findings suggest that men who experience periods of high energy demands and sleep restriction followed by a period of food restriction will endure unavoidable physical consequences that can be mostly reversed by a 1-month recovery.

Studies on the Physiology of Ascaris Lumbricoides

1952 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
A. D. HOBSON ◽  
W. STEPHENSON ◽  
A. EDEN
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
External Medium ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Inorganic Cations ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Total Concentrations

The results obtained in this investigation are admittedly not as extensive as is desirable but they allow certain conclusions to be drawn. 1. The sodium and potassium contents of the body fluid of Ascaris lumbricoides are somewhat variable, but these variations do not seem to be dependent upon those of the external medium. 2. The calcium and magnesium contents of the body fluid are relatively constant and are not affected by those of the external medium. 3. The chloride concentration of the body fluid is closely related to and always remains lower than that of the external medium. 4. As shown in Table 2, there is a large gap between the total concentrations of inorganic cations and anions in the intestinal fluid of the pig. Presumably a considerable proportion of the inorganic cations are combined with organic anions, at present undetermined. Exposing the worms to saline media composed of chloride caused a large rise in the internal chloride concentration. This may well be a limiting factor in the life of the animals in such media, and the next step forward would seem to be the fuller analysis of the environment to which they are normally exposed.

scholarly journals Toward the unity of pathological and exertional fatigue: A predictive processing model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Greenhouse-Tucknott ◽  
J. B. Butterworth ◽  
J. G. Wrightson ◽  
N. J. Smeeton ◽  
H. D. Critchley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Error ◽  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Generative Models ◽  
The Body ◽  
Predictive Processing ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Common Foundation ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Sensory Evidence

AbstractFatigue is a common experience in both health and disease. Yet, pathological (i.e., prolonged or chronic) and transient (i.e., exertional) fatigue symptoms are traditionally considered distinct, compounding a separation between interested research fields within the study of fatigue. Within the clinical neurosciences, nascent frameworks position pathological fatigue as a product of inference derived through hierarchical predictive processing. The metacognitive theory of dyshomeostasis (Stephan et al., 2016) states that pathological fatigue emerges from the metacognitive mechanism in which the detection of persistent mismatches between prior interoceptive predictions and ascending sensory evidence (i.e., prediction error) signals low evidence for internal generative models, which undermine an agent’s feeling of mastery over the body and is thus experienced phenomenologically as fatigue. Although acute, transient subjective symptoms of exertional fatigue have also been associated with increasing interoceptive prediction error, the dynamic computations that underlie its development have not been clearly defined. Here, drawing on the metacognitive theory of dyshomeostasis, we extend this account to offer an explicit description of the development of fatigue during extended periods of (physical) exertion. Accordingly, it is proposed that a loss of certainty or confidence in control predictions in response to persistent detection of prediction error features as a common foundation for the conscious experience of both pathological and nonpathological fatigue.

scholarly journals INTEGRAL ASSESSMENT OF BODY RESERVES IN SKI RACERS DEVELOPING LOCAL REGIONAL MUSCLE ENDURANCE, STATOKINETIC AND HYPOXIA RESISTANCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
D Maleev ◽  
A Isaev ◽  
Ju Petrova ◽  
V Zalyapin ◽  
A Shevtsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Endurance ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Body Reserves ◽  
Integral Assessment ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Regional Muscle ◽  
Ski Racers

Aim. The article aims to assess the body reserves of ski racers who develop local-regional muscle endurance (LRME), statokinetic and hypoxia resistance. Materials and methods. 15–16-year-old highly skilled ski-racers (I, II category, candidates for master of sports) with sports experience of 5–7 years (n = 12) were examined. The following equipment was used to assess athletic fitness and sports performance: T 2100 GE treadmill system, CardioSoft diagnostic system (USA), HYPOXICO Everest Summit II altitude generator (USA), Angio Scan-01 P pulse oximeter sensor (Russia). Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS information processing package. Results. The effect of techniques for developing LRME and hypoxia resistance on sports performance has been established. A generalized ranking of competitive performance is constructed and a regression model is described that establishes the dependence of sports performance on morphofunctional and metabolic statuses. The key indicators of morphofunctional and metabolic statuses were compared in athletes who used the methods for developing LRME and hypoxia resistance. Criteria are established for successful performance in sports reserve training, promising cross-country skiers, the modeling of status indicators with well-established technologies while maintaining the functional and metabolic potential and the level of health. Conclusion. The results of the study showed the effectiveness of combined technologies in sports training and allowed to identify markers of functional and metabolic statuses. The proposed technologies allowed to enhance adaptation and identify status markers. This made it possible to improve performance in the conditions of LRME and statokinetic and hypoxia resistance. Forecasting sports results allows regulating athletic fitness and making timely corrections to ensure successful sports performance.

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