scholarly journals Biomimetic mechanical properties and its role in restorative dentistry

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 5598
Author(s):  
Thuraya Abdulrahim Basudan ◽  
Wafa Mansour Alqahtani ◽  
Fatimah Abdullah Almughalliq ◽  
Atyaf Saeed Alshahrani ◽  
Atheer Mubarak Aldawsari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Restorative Dentistry ◽  
Biomimetic Materials ◽  
Patient Interaction ◽  
Wide Acceptance

The main aim of introducing biomimetic materials is to achieve successful remineralization using biocompatible and optimally functioning materials that can be used to manage diseased and defective tissues in a minimally invasive process. Recently, evidence shows that many biomimetics was introduced with excellent advantages and favorable outcomes in the different fields of dentistry. A wide acceptance of biomimetics was reported in the field of dentistry as the modalities were efficaciously applied in the different endodontic and restorative procedures. In the present literature review, we have discussed the biomimetic mechanical characteristics of the different restoration materials that are currently used in the field of restorative dentistry. The current evidence supports the use and applications for biomimetics in the field of restorative dentistry based on the extensively reported evidence regarding the mechanical and functional characteristics of these modalities which mimic the functions of normal teeth. Accordingly, these modalities can be used to solve the underlying clinical challenges that are routinely faced in the settings of restoration. Furthermore, different materials were introduced and evaluated for their efficacies, and the clinical decision of these materials is based on many factors and should be taken based on dentist-and-patient interaction.

scholarly journals Resurgence of Polymyxin B for MDR/XDR Gram-Negative Infections: An Overview of Current Evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suneel Kumar Garg ◽  
Omender Singh ◽  
Deven Juneja ◽  
Niraj Tyagi ◽  
Amandeep Singh Khurana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative

Polymyxin B has resurged in recent years as a last resort therapy for Gram-negative multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extremely drug resistant (XDR) infections. Understanding newer evidence on polymyxin B is necessary to guide clinical decision making. Here, we present a literature review of polymyxin B in Gram-negative infections with update on its pharmacology.

An evidenced based checklist to support anti-dementia medication withdrawal in people with down syndrome (DS), intellectual disability (Id) and dementia

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S599-S599
Author(s):  
R. Shankar ◽  
S. Ram
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Drug Discontinuation ◽  
Medication Withdrawal ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Evidenced Based

DS with aging is associated with greatly increased risk of developing dementia similar to Alzheimer's. Anti-dementia drug discontinuation is recommended when clinical benefit is not determined. In DS it is more complex as medication ill effects of stopping needs to be weighed in balance to extraneous processes such as environment changes, sensory impediments and physical ill health and natural progression of dementia.AimCan identified risk factors extracted from a comprehensive literature review be developed into an evidence based check list to support risk minimized person centered withdrawal of anti-dementia drugs when considered not to be efficacious in DS?MethodA detailed literature review using Medline, PsychInfo, Cinahl and Embase with relevant search terms in various permutations and combinations without any date limit enquiring current evidence base on anti-dementia medication withdrawal was conducted. The review also looked to extract the common risk factors in stopping medication. All risk factors were collated, reviewed by a focus group of experts, developed into a checklist.ResultsThirty abstracts were obtained following the search. Six papers were short-listed. No papers identified a structured approach to medication reduction. An 18-factor checklist was applied prospectively to 30 cases. The checklist was sensitive to identify change to guide clinical decision-making.ConclusionsCurrently, decision to peg medication withdrawal risk is arbitrary and clinical in dementia especially in DS dementia. The evidenced based developed checklist is useful to support and structure clinical decisions. It helps clinicians and patients to focus on promoting safety, reduce harm and guide treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Stress urinary incontinence: injection method of treatment (literature review)

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
E I Ermakova
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Stress Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Injection Method ◽  
Periurethral Injection

The purpose of the review - presentation of clinical scientific data based on current evidence of information on the management of patients with stress urinary incontinence, the effectiveness and safety of periurethral injections of various bulking substances. Material and methods. А review of Russian and foreign sources on the prevalence, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women, in particular the injection method. Results. The review presents data of the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women, depending on the severity of the pathology. Analyzed the data of periurethral injection of various bulking materials, their effectiveness and safety.

Weldability - Behavior of Welded Reinforcement

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 3469-3472
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Carbon Equivalent ◽  
Work Process ◽  
Ultimate Limit

Weldability involves two aspects: welding behavior of components and safety in operation. The two aspects will be reduced to the mechanical characteristics of the elements and to the chemical composition. In the case of steel reinforcing rebar’s, it is reduces to the percentage of Cech(carbon equivalent) and to the mechanical characteristics: the yielding limit, the ultimate limit, and the elongations which after that represent the ductility class in which the re-bars is framed. The paper will present some types of steel reinforcing rebar’s with its mechanical characteristics and the welding behavior of those elements. In the current work, process-related behavior of welded reinforcement, joint local and global mechanical properties, and their correlation with behavior of normal reinforcement and also the mechanical performance resulted in this type of joints. Keywords: welding behavior, ultimate limit, reinforcing rebar’s

scholarly journals Mimicking the Mechanical Properties of Aortic Tissue with Pattern-Embedded 3D Printing for a Realistic Phantom

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5042
Author(s):  
Jaeyoung Kwon ◽  
Junhyeok Ock ◽  
Namkug Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Human Aorta ◽  
Aortic Tissue ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Base Materials

3D printing technology has been extensively applied in the medical field, but the ability to replicate tissues that experience significant loads and undergo substantial deformation, such as the aorta, remains elusive. Therefore, this study proposed a method to imitate the mechanical characteristics of the aortic wall by 3D printing embedded patterns and combining two materials with different physical properties. First, we determined the mechanical properties of the selected base materials (Agilus and Dragonskin 30) and pattern materials (VeroCyan and TPU 95A) and performed tensile testing. Three patterns were designed and embedded in printed Agilus–VeroCyan and Dragonskin 30–TPU 95A specimens. Tensile tests were then performed on the printed specimens, and the stress-strain curves were evaluated. The samples with one of the two tested orthotropic patterns exceeded the tensile strength and strain properties of a human aorta. Specifically, a tensile strength of 2.15 ± 0.15 MPa and strain at breaking of 3.18 ± 0.05 mm/mm were measured in the study; the human aorta is considered to have tensile strength and strain at breaking of 2.0–3.0 MPa and 2.0–2.3 mm/mm, respectively. These findings indicate the potential for developing more representative aortic phantoms based on the approach in this study.

scholarly journals Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Physical-Mechanical Characteristics of Rubber Composites Filled with Manganese-Zinc Ferrite and Carbon Black

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 616
Author(s):  
Ján Kruželák ◽  
Andrea Kvasničáková ◽  
Klaudia Hložeková ◽  
Rastislav Dosoudil ◽  
Marek Gořalík ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Zinc Ferrite ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Manganese Zinc Ferrite

In the present work, composite materials were prepared by incorporation of manganese-zinc ferrite, carbon black and combination of ferrite and carbon black into acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR). For cross-linking of composites, standard sulfur-based curing system was applied. The main goal was to investigate the influence of the fillers on the physical-mechanical properties of composites. Then, the electromagnetic absorption shielding ability was investigated in the frequency range 1 MHz–3 GHz. The results revealed that composites filled with ferrite provide sufficient absorption shielding performance in the tested frequency range. On the other hand, ferrite behaves as an inactive filler and deteriorates the physical-mechanical characteristics of composites. Carbon black reinforces the rubber matrix and contributes to the improvement of physical-mechanical properties. However, composites filled with carbon black are not able to absorb electromagnetic radiation in the given frequency range. Finally, the combination of carbon black and ferrite resulted in the modification of both physical-mechanical characteristics and absorption shielding ability of hybrid composites.

scholarly journals Iodine allergy: Common misperceptions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole R Wulf ◽  
John Schmitz ◽  
Amy Choi
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Media ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Final Article

Abstract Disclaimer In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. Purpose The current evidence regarding iodine-containing compounds and iodine allergy cross-reactivity is reviewed. Summary Iodine is an essential human nutrient found in the thyroid gland. It is used in the synthesis of the thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyroxine. Patients who report having adverse reactions to iodine-containing substances are often labelled as having an “iodine allergy,” which can result in delays in care or patients being denied essential ICM or other iodine-containing drugs. A literature review was conducted to evaluate the evidence regarding iodine allergy and iodine-containing drugs. Of 435 articles considered potentially appropriate for full review (plus 12 additional articles included on the basis of references from the eligible articles), 113 could not be obtained. After exclusion of 353 articles that did not meet all inclusion criteria, the remaining 81 articles were included in the review. The results of the literature review indicated that iodine has not been shown to be the allergen responsible for allergic reactions to iodinated contrast media, amiodarone, povidone-iodine, and other iodine-containing compounds. Conclusion There is a lack of evidence to support cross-reactivity between iodine-containing compounds in so called iodine-allergic individuals.

Development of Heat Treatment Mode with Quenching in Different Quenching Environments for the Casing Pipe in Order to Obtain the Required Mechanical Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 836 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
S.N. Dzhabbarov ◽  
E.I. Pryakhin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Treatment Mode ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Heat Treatment Mode ◽  
Optimal Technology ◽  
Casing Pipe

Development of an optimal technology of heat treatment for blanks of the casing pipe made of steel 40H (GOST 4543) is used in the oil and gas industry for casing. It is accompanied by quenching in various environments to ensure guaranteed obtainment of the required mechanical characteristics. These characteristics are specified in GOST 632-80 and met in order to improve the properties of the 40H steel.

Effect of wood particulate size on the mechanical properties of PLA biocomposite

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 465-472
Author(s):  
S. Raj Sachin ◽  
T. Kandasamy Kannan ◽  
Rathanasamy Rajasekar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Wood Particle ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Particulate Size ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this study is to carry out an investigation of the role of the wood particle size on the mechanical properties of poly lactic acid (PLA)-reinforced neem fiber biocomposite. Design/methodology/approach Composite test specimens were processed by reinforcing neem wood flour (NWF) in two different particle sizes, micro-sized NWF (MNWF) and nano-sized NWF (NNWF) separately into PLA. Composites were extruded at four different fiber loadings (10, 15, 20 and 25 Wt.%) into PLA matrix. The MNWF and NNWF had particle sizes varying from 5 to 15 µm and 10 to 15 nm, respectively. Findings Tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength of PLA increased with fiber reinforcement for both the MNWF and NNWF cases. The NNWF-reinforced PLA composite at 20 Wt.% fiber loading proved to be the best composite that had outstanding mechanical properties in this research. Practical implications The developed composite can be used as a substitute for conventional plywood for furniture, building infrastructure and interior components for the automobile, aircraft and railway sectors. Originality/value A new biocomposite had been fabricated by using PLA and NWF and had been tested for its mechanical characteristics.

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