ON THE PROBLEM OF COUNTERACTING THE SPREAD OF DRUG ADDICTION IN THE SAMARA REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
S. V. Yunoshev ◽  
◽  
M. Yu. Zhirova ◽  
S. V. Kondratyuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Significant Difference

The paper presents the results of a sociological study of the perception of drug abuse situation by the Samara Region population. For the research, the authors interviewed 2043 residents of the Samara Region living both in urban and rural settlements. The author’s attention focused on the subjective values of the population’s perception of drug addiction as a social phenomenon. The results of the study carried out at a high representative level made it possible to identify the peculiarities of existing public opinion of the Samara Region population about the spreading of harmful habits in general and drug addiction in particular. The study states that the drug addiction problem takes sixth place only by its urgency in public perception. Nearly half of the interviewed people are aware of the importance of the drug addiction problem. Among the key reasons for the drug addiction situation, most respondents mention life dissatisfaction, social deprivation, moral degradation of society, and the lack of organized leisure. The authors note that according to the obtained data, the interviewed people consider conscious negative attitude to the drug usage, the preventive work with the youth on the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, and the punitive measures the most effective for the struggle with drugs. Using the key questions of the checklist, the authors identified the significant difference of the positions according to the age groups of the surveyed people. For example, most admitted tried drugs for the first time in the age intervals from 16 to 29. The authors conclude the problems of drug addiction result from the deviant behavior forms among youth, however, the reasons for such behavior are caused by the complex of social and economic factors.

RESULTS OF THE STUDY OF PUBLIC SATISFACTION ABOUT THEAVAILABILITY AND QUALITY OF THE DRUG SUPPLY SYSTEM IN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
E.A. Telnova ◽  
A.V. Belova ◽  
A.A. Zagoruichenko
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Drug Supply ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Sociological Study

The article analyzes the results of monitoring the availability and quality of the drug supply system among the population of various age groups and financial situation. The purpose of this study is to study the satisfaction of citizens in the drug supply system in Russia and to build a medical and social portrait of the patient, which was developed based on the analysis of the results of a sociological survey conducted in dynamics for 2019-2021. In the course of the research, such methods as: sociological, study and generalization of experience, analytical, methods of descriptive statistics were used. The results of the sociological study indicate the need for additional work to improve the availability and quality of LLR and the level of awareness of patients about the system of drug reimbursement. The obtained data can be used for health management bodies at various hierarchical levels, confirm the special social significance of solving this problem and the need to introduce preventive measures to involve patients in healthy lifestyle, increase public confidence in domestic drugs.

scholarly journals Residents’ Perceptions of Socio-economic Impacts of a Regional Trade Fair in Ghana

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 245-253
Author(s):  
Mensah Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Trade Fair ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Significant Difference

The growing trade fair economy has motivated studies relating to trade fair planning, effectiveness, and evaluation, among others. However, limited studies have explored residents’ perception of socio-economic impacts of trade fairs on communities. Since residents’ negative attitude can affect sustainability of trade fairs, it is important for organisers to understand residents’ perception of the socio-economic impacts of such events. The present study investigated residents’ perceptions of the impacts of a regional trade fair in Ghana. Through a quantitative research design, a questionnaire survey of 447 residents of How as undertaken through a convenience sampling technique in public places and houses. Kruscal-Wallis One-Way ANOVA tests indicate that perceptions of residents did not vary by gender. The results further confirm the inconsistency of socio-demographic variables in explaining residents’ perception of event impacts. There was significant difference between age groups on some statements while others showed no difference. Generally, residents were positive toward the impacts of the fair.

scholarly journals Physical Inactivity and Related Barriers: A Study in a Community Dwelling of Older Brazilians

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastião Gobbi ◽  
Emerson Sebastião ◽  
Camila Bosquiero Papini ◽  
Priscila Missaki Nakamura ◽  
Américo Valdanha Netto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

This study sought to investigate the prevalence of physical inactivity and related barriers in older Brazilian adults. A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted, and a stratified random sampling procedure was used. A total of 359 older adults were interviewed. The long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Questionnaire of Barriers to Physical Activity Practice were used to assess physical activity level and barriers, respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed on the prevalence of physical inactivity in either gender or age groups. Regarding barriers, the proportion of 9 out of 22 barriers was statistically significant between men and women. Self-reported physical inactivity/activity in older Brazilian adults continues to be a concern. Uncommonly, older males reported a higher prevalence of physical inactivity compared to their counterparts. Additionally, physical inactivity prevalence continued to increase with the aging process. Yet, personal barriers such as lack of time and poor health were strongly associated with physical inactivity. The results of this study may help health professionals and public policy makers to better address the issues related to a healthy lifestyle among older adults and promote physical activity among Brazilian older adults and in other countries with similar characteristics.

Liver Elastography in Healthy Children Using Three Different Systems – How Many Measurements Are Necessary?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Batman Mjelle ◽  
Anesa Mulabecirovic ◽  
Roald Flesland Havre ◽  
Edda Jonina Olafsdottir ◽  
Odd Helge Gilja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Transient Elastography ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Liver Stiffness ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pediatric Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Elastography

Abstract Purpose Liver elastography is increasingly being applied in screening for and follow-up of pediatric liver disease, and has been shown to correlate well with fibrosis staging through liver biopsy. Because time is of the essence when examining children, we wanted to evaluate if a reliable result can be achieved with fewer acquisitions. Materials and Methods 243 healthy children aged 4–17 years were examined after three hours of fasting. Participants were divided into four age groups: 4–7 years; 8–11 years; 12–14 years and 15–17 years. Both two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE; GE Logiq E9) and point shear wave elastography (pSWE; Samsung RS80A with Prestige) were performed in all participants, while transient elastography (TE, Fibroscan) was performed in a subset of 87 children aged 8–17 years. Median liver stiffness measurement (LSM) values of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 acquisitions were compared with the median value of 10 acquisitions (reference standard). Comparison was performed for all participants together as well as within every specific age group. We investigated both the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with absolute agreement and all outliers more than 10 %, 20 % or ≥ 0.5 or 1.0 kPa from the median of 10 acquisitions. Results For all three systems there was no significant difference between three and ten acquisitions, with ICCs ≥ 0.97. All systems needed 4 acquisitions to achieve no LSM deviating ≥ 1.0 kPa of a median of ten. To achieve no LSM deviating ≥ 20 % of a median of ten acquisitions, pSWE and TE needed 4 acquisitions, while 2D-SWE required 6 acquisitions. Conclusion Our results contradict recommendations of 10 acquisitions for pSWE and TE and only 3 for 2D-SWE.

The influence of osteopathic correction on the rate of various rhythms of the body

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Chernikova ◽  
Yu. P. Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction. An osteopathic examination determines the rate, the amplitude and the strength of the main rhythms (cardiac, respiratory and cranial). However, there are relatively few studies in the available literature dedicated to the influence of osteopathic correction (OC) on the characteristics of these rhythms.Goal of research — to study the influence of OC on the rate characteristics of various rhythms of the human body.Materials and methods. 88 adult osteopathic patients aged from 18 to 81 years were examined, among them 30 men and 58 women. All patients received general osteopathic examination. The rate of the cranial rhythm (RCR), respiratory rate (RR) heart rate (HR), the mobility of the nervous processes (MNP) and the connective tissue mobility (CTM) were assessed before and after the OC session.Results. Since age varied greatly in the examined group, a correlation analysis of age-related changes of the assessed rhythms was carried out. Only the CTM correlated with age (r=–0,28; p<0,05) in a statistically significant way. The rank dispersion analysis of Kruskal–Wallis also showed statistically significant difference in this indicator in different age groups (p=0,043). With the increase of years, the CTM decreases gradually. After the OC, the CTM, increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001). The RCR varied from 5 to 12 cycles/min in the examined group, which corresponded to the norm. After the OC, the RCR has increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001), the MNP has also increased (p<0,0001). The initial heart rate in the subjects varied from 56 to 94 beats/min, and in 15 % it exceeded the norm. After the OC the heart rate corresponded to the norm in all patients. The heart rate and the respiratory rate significantly decreased after the OC (р<0,0001).Conclusion. The described biorhythm changes after the OC session may be indicative of the improvement of the nervous regulation, of the normalization of the autonomic balance, of the improvement of the biomechanical properties of body tissues and of the increase of their mobility. The assessed parameters can be measured quickly without any additional equipment and can be used in order to study the results of the OC.

The Influence of Age and Gender on Mandibular Indices among the Libyan Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Libyan Population

Radiographic Mandibular Indices serve as easy and relatively cheap tools for evaluating bone mineralization. Objectives: To examine the effect of age and gender on three mandibular indices: the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), the mandibular ratio (MR) and the mandibular cortical index (MCI), among Libyan population. Methods: The three indices were measured on 317 digital (OPGs) of adult humans (155 males, 162 females). The sample was divided into six age groups (from 18-25 years through 56-65 years). The measurements were analyzed for interactions with age and sex, using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) software version no. 22. The tests employed were two way ANOVA, the unpaired T-test and chi-square test. Results: The mean PMI fluctuated between 0.37 s.d. 0.012 and 0.38 s.d. 0.012. among the sixth age groups. One-way ANOVA statistical test revealed no significant of age on PMI. On the other hand gender variation has effect on PMI, since independent sample t-test disclosed that the difference between the male and female PMI means statistically significant. ANOVA test showed that the means of MR among age groups showed a negative correlation i.e. MR mean declined from 3.01 in 18-25 age groups to 2.7 in 55-65 age groups. In contrary, the gender showed no effect on MR according two sample t-test at p> 0.05. In regards with MCI, statistical analysis showed that it affected by age that is C1 was decreasing by age while C2 and C3 were increased by age. Using chi square test the result indicated that there is a significant difference among the different age group and the two genders in MCI readings. Conclusion: PMI was influenced significantly by age but minimally by the gender. MR is not affected by gender but has a negative correlation with age. MCI is affected by both age and gender

Properties of Gliricidia Wood (Gliricidia sepium) lntercropped with Cocoa (Theobroma cocoa) in Malaysia

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Mohd Helmy Ibrahim ◽  
Mohd Nazip Suratman ◽  
Razali Abd Kader
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Lumen Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference

Trees planted from agroforestry practices can become valuable resources in meeting the wood requirements of many nations. Gliricidia sepium is an exotic species introduced to the agricultural sector in Malaysia mainly for providing shade for cocoa and coffee plantations. This study investigates its wood physical properties (specific gravity and moisture content) and fibre morphology (length, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness) of G. sepium at three intervals according to age groups ( three, five and seven years of ages). Specific gravity (0.72) was significantly higher at seven years ofage as compared to five (0.41) and three (0.35) years age group with a mean of 0.43 (p<0.05). Mean moisture content was 58.3% with no significant difference existing between the tree age groups. Fibre diameter (22.4 mm) was significantly lower (p<0.05) for the trees which were three years of age when compared to five and seven years age groups (26.6 mm and 24. 7 mm), respectively. Means of fibre length, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness were 0.83 mm, 18.3 mm, and 6.2 mm, respectively, with no significant differences detected between trees in all age groups. Further calculation on the coefficient of suppleness and runkel ratio suggest that wood from G.sepium may have the potential for insulation board manufacturing and paper making. However, future studies should experiment the utilisation of this species for these products to determine its full potential.

Assessing the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) among the newly diagnosed Prediabetes screened in selected districts of South India

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 4836-4846
Author(s):  
Mohsina Hyder K ◽  
Raja D ◽  
Jithin Mohan ◽  
Ponnusankar S
Keyword(s):  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Currently, 314 million people in the world are Prediabetes, and it is predicted that around 500 million would be burdened by the year 2025. Continuing education of diabetes and its complications is crucial, but it should be accompanied with regular assessment of Knowledge Attitude and Practice (KAP) among the high-risk population. That would play a cost-effective role in prevention and control of the disease.This study was carried out to assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among the newly diagnosed Prediabetes screened over selected districts of South India.This study was conducted through prediabetes screening camps over districts of Calicut, Wayanad and Malappuram in Kerala and The Nilgiris district in Tamilnadu from September 2017 to October 2019. A questionnaire survey was done as a part of a prospective open-label interventional study with 308 prediabetes individuals. Baseline characteristics of the participants were obtained, and their knowledge, attitude and practice regarding Prediabetes were assessed. The finding of the present study revealed 90% of the respondents had poor knowledge, 9% had average knowledge, and only 1% had good knowledge of Prediabetes. In the attitude assessment, only 1.9% had a strongly positive attitude, 14% had a positive attitude, 54% had neutral attitude while 17% had a negative attitude and 13% had a strongly negative attitude. Regarding healthy lifestyle practices, 35.4% had a deplorable practice that scored below 6. Around half of the population, 52.3% had poor practice, 12% had proper training, while only 0.3% had a perfect practice.Knowledge and practice regarding lifestyle modifications among prediabetes participants were found to be reduced. 

HIP FRACTURES IN 5 YEARS AT HUE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL

2014 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Duy Binh Ho ◽  
Nghi Thanh Nhan Le ◽  
Maasalu Katre ◽  
Koks Sulev ◽  
Märtson Aare
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Hip Fractures ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Femoral Fractures ◽  
Femoral Neck Fractures ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Intertrochanteric Fractures ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim: This study aimed to review the clinical findings and surgical intervention of the hip fracture at the Hue University Hospital in Vietnam. Methods:The data of proximal femoral fractures was collected retrospectively. All patients, in a period of 5 years, from Jan 2008 to December 2012, suffered either from intertrochanteric or femoral neck fractures. The numbers of patients were gathered separately for each year, by age groups (under 40, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, older) and by sex. We analyzed what kind of treatment options were used for the hip fracture. Results:Of 224 patients (93 men and 131 women) studied, 71% patients are over 70 years old, 103 women and 56 men (p<0.05). For patients under 40 years, there were 1 woman and 11 men (p<0.05). There were 88 intertrochanteric and 136 femoral neck fractures. There was no significant difference in the two fractures between men and women. The numbers of hip fracture increased by each year, 29/224 cases in 2010, 63/224 cases in 2011, 76/224 cases in 2012. Treatment of 88 intertrochanteric fractures: 49 cases (55.7%) of dynamic hip screw (DHS), 14 cases of hemiarthroplasty (15.9%), 2 cases of total hip replacement (2.3%). Treatment of 136 femoral neck fractures: 48 cases of total replacement (35.3%), 43 cases of hemiarthroplasty (31.6%), 15 cases of screwing (11%). In cases of 40 patients (17.9%) hip fracture was managed conservatively, 23 were femoral neck fractures and 17 were intertrochanteric fractures. Conclusions: Hip fracture is growing challenge in Hue medical university hospital. The conservative approach is still high in people who could not be operable due to severe medical conditions as well as for patients with economic difficulties. Over 70% of the hip fractures in people 70+ are caused by osteoporosis. The number of hip fracture is increasing in the following years, most likely due to the increase in the prevalence of osteoporosis. Early detection and prevention of osteoporosis should be addressed, particularly in high risk population. More aggressive surgical approach should be implemented in order to improve the quality of life in patients with hip fractures. Key words:Hip fracture.

Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in hospitalized patients at a tertiary referral center in North India (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Animesh Ray ◽  
Dr. Komal Singh ◽  
Souvick Chattopadhyay ◽  
Farha Mehdi ◽  
Dr. Gaurav Batra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
North India ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

BACKGROUND Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is an important tool to estimate the true extent of infection in a population. However, seroprevalence studies have been scarce in South East Asia including India, which, as of now, carries the third largest burden of confirmed cases in the world. The present study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody among hospitalized patients at one of the largest government hospital in India OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study is to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody among patients admitted to the Medicine ward and ICU METHODS This cross-sectional study, conducted at a tertiary care hospital in North India, recruited consecutive patients who were negative for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR or CB-NAAT. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels targeting recombinant spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein of SARS CoV-2 were estimated in serum sample by the ELISA method RESULTS A total of 212 hospitalized patients were recruited in the study with mean age (±SD) of 41.2 (±15.4) years and 55% male population. Positive serology against SARS CoV-2 was detected in 19.8%patients(95% CI 14.7-25.8). Residency in Delhi conferred a higher frequency of seropositivity 26.5% (95% CI 19.3-34.7) as compared to that of other states 8% (95% CI 3.0-16.4) with p-value 0.001. No particular age groups or socio-economic strata showed a higher proportion of seropositivity CONCLUSIONS Around, one-fifth of hospitalized patients, who were not diagnosed with COVID-19 before, demonstrated seropositivity against SARS-CoV-2. While there was no significant difference in the different age groups and socio-economic classes; residence in Delhi was associated with increased risk (relative risk of 3.62, 95% CI 1.59-8.21)

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