scholarly journals Prevention of preterm birth. Сurrent state of the problem (literature review)

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
V.N. Konovalov ◽  
◽  
V.B. Tskhay ◽  
N.M. Yametova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Mechanical Action ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
The World

Currently, despite the successes and progress in medicine, incidence of preterm births (PB) does not decrease in the world. Moreover, there is an increasing tendency in industrialized countries. Modern approach for PB prevention is based on incomplete understanding of its occurrence mechanisms, as well as sequence and timing of preventive measures. Primarily obstetricians and gynecologists focus their attention on identifying PB risk factors, as well as on cervical shortening, while prevention includes prescribing medications of progestogen group and / or methods of mechanical action on obturator cervical function. Effectiveness of the currently existing methods of PR prevention are analyzed in the review.

scholarly journals Magnitude of spontaneous preterm birth and its associated factors among preterm birth in NICU wards in Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital, Asella, Oromia, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 030006052110346
Author(s):  
Techane Sisay Tuji ◽  
Addisu Dabi Wake ◽  
Gezahegn Badeg Adere ◽  
Aselefu Beka Wedajo ◽  
Batu Dekeba Obole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spontaneous Preterm Birth ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Objective To assess the prevalence of spontaneous preterm births and to identify the associated risk factors. Methods This single-centre cross-sectional study enrolled women that experienced a preterm birth as registered on the neonatal log-book between 30 December 2019 and 30 December 2020. A pre-tested structured checklist was used to collect data (sociodemographic characteristics; obstetric-related factors; medical history; and pregnancy-related factors). Bivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to identify factors associated with spontaneous preterm birth. A multivariate model identified significant independent risk factors. Results A total of 310 patients participated in the study. The prevalence of spontaneous preterm birth in this population was 67.1% (208 of 310; 95% confidence interval [CI] 61.5, 71.9). Patients without a partner (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.470, 95% CI 1.23, 4.42), patients residing in a rural area (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.123, 5.513) and those with a history of PIH during their current pregnancy (AOR = 0.104, 95% CI 0.053, 0.014) were significantly more likely to have a spontaneous preterm birth. Conclusion The prevalence of spontaneous preterm birth in in this study was high. Healthcare providers and all stakeholders should focus on screening pregnant women at the risk of spontaneous preterm birth.

Impact of smoking and fetal gender on preterm delivery

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Veronika Günther ◽  
Ibrahim Alkatout ◽  
Alexandra Stein ◽  
Nicolai Maass ◽  
Alexander Strauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
World Health ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Fetal Gender ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Heavy Smokers

Abstract According to the World Health Organization, smoking is the most important risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes in industrialized nations. We aimed to establish how fetal gender and smoking interact with regard to perinatal outcomes, especially preterm delivery. Data from 220,339 singleton pregnancies, obtained from the German Perinatal Survey in Schleswig-Holstein and registered between 2004 and 2017 were analyzed in regard to smoking behavior, fetal gender, and preterm delivery. The rate of preterm births was directly proportional to the women’s consumption of nicotine. The rate of preterm deliveries was 6.8% among nonsmokers, and 13.2% in women who were very heavy smokers (≥22 cigarettes/day). Very heavy smoking (≥22 cigarettes/day) had a marked impact on extremely preterm births (<28 weeks of gestation) and very preterm births (28–31 weeks of gestation). Preterm births increased by 1.2% from heavy smokers to very heavy smokers; the differences between the other groups ranged between 0.1% and 0.4%. Fetal gender also had an impact on preterm birth: male infants were predominant in nearly all groups of women who delivered preterm infants. Smoking during pregnancy and male gender are both risk factors for preterm delivery. Fetal gender should be given greater attention as one of the several risk factors of preterm birth. Due to the high rate of morbidity among preterm infants and enormous costs for the healthcare system, women should be encouraged to cease or at least reduce smoking during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
T. N. Bilichenko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Research Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Course Outcomes ◽  
Official Sources

An analysis of epidemiology coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Russia and the world was carried out to identify the main factors contributing to morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of the disease. Statistical data were used from official sources (Rospotrebnadzor, WHO, US CDC, China NHC, ECDC, DXY). Research information from different countries about the course, outcomes, spread, and risk factors of the disease is presented.The study of epidemiology, risk factors, causes of increased incidence of COVID-19, mortality rate is of great importance for assessing the effectiveness of preventive measures.

Combat Military Personnel and Selective Risk Factors for the Development of Dementias - A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Blanka Klimova ◽  
Petra Maresova ◽  
Kamil Kuca
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Military Veterans ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The World

: Due to the growth of life expectancies and the increasing number of elderly population all over the world, there is a risk of growth of aging diseases such as dementia. Recent research studies also indicate that there will be a growing number of military veterans who will be affected by dementia, already at the age of 55+ years. In the case of combat military personnel, the most common dementias are Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. These two dementias are very similar because their main symptoms are the same. The purpose of this review is to explore two main risk factors influencing the development of the dementias. These include posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Furthermore, the authors of this study focus on the exploration of the treatment of PTSD and TBI in order to delay the development of dementias among combat military personnel. : For the purpose of this study, a method of literature review of available sources exploring these two main risk factors of dementia among combat military personnel was used. Based on the evaluation of these literature sources, possibilities of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to the treatment and care of these people were described.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Risk Factors and Outcome of Preterm Births at University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH), Maiduguri, Nigeria: A 2-year Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Obetta Hillary Ikechukwu ◽  
Babagana Bako ◽  
Nweze Sylvester Onuegunam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Birth Outcome ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Study

Background: Preterm birth (PTB) is an important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality in developing societies like Nigeria. It poses huge long-term medical and financial burdens for the affected children, their families, the health care system and society at large. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, risk factors and birth outcome of PTB at UMTH, Nigeria. Methodology: A two-year case-control study of cases of preterm births at the UMTH, from 1st January, 2016 to 31st December, 2017 was undertaken. For each PTB, the next term delivery was taken as control. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, risk factors, gestational ages at presentation and delivery, and birth outcome were obtained from the women’s case files with proforma and compared with that of the control. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software Version 23. The statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: During the period under review, there were 6,171 deliveries and preterm births constituted 291 births giving a prevalence rate of 4.7% or 47 per 1000 deliveries. The mean ages for the cases and controls were similar 26.4± 6.1 vs 26.5± 5.3 with (F=0.15, P=0.7) while the mean parity were 3.0±2.6 and 3.2±2.5 with (F=4.6, P=0.03). Nulliparity was commoner among the cases 61(24.6%) compared to the controls 34(13..7%) with X2 = 9.69, P=0.001. Similarly, 96(38.7%) of the cases were unbooked compared to 44(17.7%) among the conrols X2 = 26.9, P=0.000. About 20% of the cases had no formal education compared to 13% of the control. Preterm birth was associated with unbooking status (OR=1.82, CI: 1.40-2.36), nulliparity (OR = 2.05, CI: 1.29-3.26), previous preterm delivery (OR = 95.2, CI: 13.10-691.99) and pregnancy induced hypertension (OR = 25.45, CI: 9.13-70.92). Antepartum haemorrhage (OR = 13.89, CI: 4.92-39.25), twin gestation (OR = 18.18, CI: 2.40-137.68), Polyhydramnios (OR = 2.02, CI: 1.85-2.22) and PROM (OR = 5.39, CI: 2.87-10.15) were other risk factors independently associated with PTB. The perinatal mortality in PTB was 43(16.2%). Conclusion: The prevalence rate of PTB at the UMTH is 4.7% and is associated with previous PTB, unbooked status, twin gestation, polyhydramnious, APH and PIH. Efforts should be intensified on educating women of reproductive age group on the benefits of antenatal booking in pregnancy and quality antenatal care as this would provide ample opportunity for early detection and proper management of women at risk. Keywords: Preterm birth, Risk factors, Neonatal outcome, Maiduguri.

scholarly journals Burden and risk factors of preterm birth in Nasarawa State, North Central, Nigeria: A five-year case review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Ikrama Hassan ◽  
◽  
Surajudeen Bello ◽  
Michael Anazodo ◽  
Abdulmumuni Ahmed Lawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Placenta Previa ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multiple Gestation ◽  
Case Review ◽  
Premature Rupture ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Preterm birth has been on the increase globally and accounting for morbidities and mortalities. Preterm delivery referred to the birth of a newborn prior to thirty seven completed gestational weeks. There is dearth of knowledge on the burden of preterm birth in this state. This study therefore determined the burden of preterm deliveries in Nasarawa State, evaluate the risk factors and identify the outcome of such deliveries. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of all preterm delivered from the 1st of January 2014 to the 31st of December 2013 at the Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital (DASH) Lafia, General Hospital Akwanga and Medical Centre Mararaba Gurku in the Southern, Northern and Western senatorial zones of Nasarawa State respectively. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: The mean age of mothers of preterm in this study is 26.5±5.7 years. More than three-quarter of preterm birth in Nasarawa State were at the DASH Lafia. The prevalence of preterm birth and admissions were 1.5% and 10.8% respectively. One in four of the preterm were either late preterm or extreme preterm. Singleton gestation accounted for 82.1% of the preterm births while 75.6% of such deliveries where through the vaginal mode of deliveries. Risk factors for preterm deliveries were multiple gestation, antepartum haemorrhage (placenta previa), premature rupture of membrane and previous preterm delivery. Deaths among the preterm was 11% in this study. Conclusion: The burden of preterm births in this study is comparable to other centre in same region. Half of the preterm were either late or extreme preterm. Risk factors for preterm deliveries were placenta previa, premature rupture of membrane, multiple gestation and previous preterm child birth. Death was recorded in one out of every nine preterm

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS FOR PREMATURE BIRTH

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 629-636
Author(s):  
Anna Mihaylova ◽  
Nikoleta Parahuleva ◽  
Elina Petkova-Gueorguieva ◽  
Stanislav Gueorguiev
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Etiological Factors

Premature birth is a significant medical, social and economic problem worldwide. In the 21st Century in developed countries, this problem accounts for over two thirds of neonatal deaths. In Bulgaria, statistics show that 10-12% of all pregnancies end with premature birth. Despite the number of studies in this field and the efforts made by obstetricians and gynecologists, the tendency to increase the number of preterm births has continued in the last decade. Its consequences are multiple complications who lead to a high neonatal mortality in the national and global world. Preterm birth is characterized by complex and vague etiology. A specific cause of premature birth can not be defined, but a set of risk factors is considered, divided into three main groups of etiological factors: socio-economic, medical-biological, and behavioral. Associated with preterm birth socio-economic and behavioral risk factors include poverty, unemployment, low education, poor prenatal care, harmful habits such as smoking, alcohol, drugs and other harmful substances, unhealthy family environment, severe and prolonged stress, excessive physical exercise (lifting weights), trauma (hits or violence), new pregnancies less than 6 months after previous birth, unhealthy diet and low mother BMI, etc. Essential for the preterm birth is also the medico - biological etiological factors. One of these is uterine enlargement, as the main reason for this may be the presence of: multiple pregnancies that occurred naturally or after using assisted reproductive technologies or polyhydramnios (increased amount of amniotic fluid). Other risk factors include: placenta previa, incorrect position of the fetus, myoma, uterine cervix malformations (including cerebrovascular insufficiency), preeclampsia, uterine contractions, acute infections during pregnancy (vaginal - chlamydia, trichomonas, mycoplasma , toxoplasmosis, bacterial vaginosis, viral rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes, influenza, adenovirus infection, chronic diseases (hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diseases of the lungs, liver or kidney anemia and etc.), genetic factors, previous premature birth, etc. These risk indicators are subject to detailed analysis in the work of a number of authors. To limit preterm births, a number of studies have been conducted to identify and identify the risk factors that are relevant to it. Identifying and recognizing their effects and impact leading to premature birth will significantly reduce the severe health, economic and social consequences as well as reduce the risk of neonatal death. In order to reduce the frequency of preterm births, adequate and specialized prenatal care is essential. They must be individually tailored for each particular case of pregnancy and take into account the complex of risk predispositions.

DENTAL AND NEUROLOGICAL PATHOLOGIES IN CHILDREN: ETIOPATOGENETIC ASPECTS OF THEIR INTERRELATION AND DIAGNOSTIC(literature review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Sunnatullo Gafforov ◽  
◽  
Farkhod Khamroyev ◽  
Vazira Kuldasheva
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

We know that, currently in the world there is an increase in the number of patients, both children and adolescents, with psycho neurological diseases (PND). The authors, according to the results of the literature data studied over the last 10 years, argue that the problem associated with pathologies of the oral cavity organs in combination with PND is far from fully study. In their opinion, it is very important to study the relationship between these pathological processes and to develop therapeutic, diagnostic and preventive measures based on etiopatho genetic characteristics.

scholarly journals Determinants of preterm birth: Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, 2004 birth cohort

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariângela F. Silveira ◽  
Cesar G. Victora ◽  
Aluísio J. D. Barros ◽  
Iná S. Santos ◽  
Alicia Matijasevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries

Prematurity is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and a global health problem that affects high, middle and low-income countries. Several factors may increase the risk of preterm birth. In this article, we test the hypothesis that different risk factors determine preterm birth in different income groups by investigating whether risk factors for preterm deliveries in the 2004 Pelotas (Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil) birth cohort vary among those groups. A total of 4,142 women were included in the analysis. Preterm births were equally common among women who had spontaneous vaginal deliveries as for those with induced or operative births. In the multivariate analysis the factors that remained significantly associated with preterm birth were black skin color, low education, poverty, young maternal age, primiparity, previous preterm birth, inadequacy of prenatal care and reported hypertension. In the analyses repeated after stratification by family income terciles, there was no evidence of effect modification by income and no clear difference between the socioeconomic groups. No association between cesarean section and preterm delivery was found. Further studies are required to understand the causes of the epidemic of preterm births in Brazil.

Assessment of risk factors associated with pre-term labour in Tertiary care Hospitals, Lahore

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Tanzeela Zafar ◽  
Iram Manzoor ◽  
Fariha Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Intrauterine Death ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Inter Pregnancy Interval

Background: Pakistan has one of the highest rates of preterm births, nearly 16 for every 100 babies born. Around 4% of these premature babies, are at highest likelihood of death. The objective of this study was to assess association of multiple risk factors with preterm birth in Pakistani women. Patients and methods:  An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Akhtar Saeed Trust Hospital and Farooq Hospital, West Wood Branch, Lahore from October 2018 to December 2019. Total 116 pregnant females who gave birth to preterm babies with gestational age between 20-37 weeks were included. Data about patients’ socio-demographic profile, previous obstetric history and current gestational profile was collected using closed ended structured questionnaire. Variables were presented in the form of frequency tables. Chi-square and Fisher exact test were applied to establish association of various risk factors and preterm presentation of patients’ in hospital. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Out of 116 participants, 49 (42.2%) were aged between 20-25 years, 47 (40.5%) were illiterate. Of the total sample 60 (51.7 %) participants were obese (BMI >30). Eighty-two (70.7%) patients were multigravida and 65 (56.1%) gave the history of previous cesarean section. Significant association was found between preterm birth and multi-parity (p=0.001), previous history of abortion (p=0.000), intrauterine death (p=0.001), infertility (p=0.04), cesarean-section (p=0.000), and inter-pregnancy interval of less than 24 months (p=0.007). Other significant factors associated with preterm labour were urinary tract infections (p=0.001), documented fever more than 101oF (p=0.000), anemia (p=0.000), singleton pregnancy (p=0.000) and cephalic fetal presentation (p=0.002), during current pregnancy. Conclusion: Multi-gravidity, history of abortion, intrauterine death, previous infertility, cesarean-section, inter-pregnancy interval of less than 24 months, UTI, genital tract infection, anemia, singleton pregnancy and cephalic fetal presentation during current pregnancy were observed to be significantly associated with preterm births.

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