scholarly journals The Effect of Various Legume Herbs Supplementation on Intake, Digestibility and Growth of Fat-tailed Lambs Given Mulato Grass

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Marsetyo Marsetyo ◽  
Muhammad Ilyas Mumu ◽  
Muhamad Basri
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Feed Supplements ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Measurement Period

This experiment was conducted to examine the effect of various legume herbs supplementation on feed intake, digestibility and liveweight gain of fat-tailed lambs given Mulato (Brachiaria mulato) grass. Twenty four male fat-tailed lambs (8 months of age and 12.73± 0.56 kg (SE) of initial liveweight) were randomly allotted to four treatment groups based on unfasted liveweight.  Animals were housed in individual metabolism crates. The experiment was designed in a completely randomized block design, with four treatments and six replicates. The dietary treatment tested included Mulato grass ad libitum (M), M + Centrosema pascuorum  (MCP), M + Dolichos lab lab (MDL) and M+ Clitoria ternatea (MCT). All supplement was offered at 1.5% body weight (W) per day.  The experiment lasted for 10 weeks, with 2 and 8 weeks for adaptation and measurement period, respectively. The main parameter measured included feed intake, feed digestibility, and average daily liveweight gain (ADG).  Results showed that total DM intakes (DMI) were not affected (P>0.05) by legume herbs supplementation. Total DMI was 2.75, 2.79, 2.84 and 2.87 %W/d for lamb treated with M MCP, MDL and MCT respectively. In contrast, supplementation with various legume herbs significantly increased (P <0.05) DM digestibility (DMD) and ADG of lamb received Mulato grass, with no significant difference (P>0.05) between legume herbs.  Feed DMD was 58.17, 67.48, 64.91; 65.03% and ADG were 35.67; 58.39; 54.31 and 54.41 g/day, for lamb treated with M, MCP, MDL and MCT respectively. It was concluded that supplementation of legume herbs to fat-tailed lamb fed Mulato grass significantly increased DMD and ADG, but no significant differences across the legume herbs as feed supplements were observed.

The level of tree legumes required to meet the maintenance energy requirements of Ongole (Bos indicus) cows fed rice straw in Indonesia

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Syahniar ◽  
R. Antari ◽  
D. Pamungkas ◽  
Marsetyo ◽  
D. E. Mayberry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Tree Legumes ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

Improving the productivity and profitability of smallholder cattle enterprises in Indonesia requires greater and more efficient utilisation of underutilised feed resources such as rice straw. The experiment tested the hypothesis that an Ongole cow with low energy requirements can maintain weight (W) on a rice straw-based diet with the addition of a small amount of tree legumes. Thirty-two Ongole cross (Bos indicus) cows were allocated to one of four treatments in a randomised block design with eight cows per treatment. Cows were offered untreated rice straw ad libitum with four levels of tree legumes (0, 11, 21, and 42 g DM/kg W0.75.day) for 20 weeks. Feed intake was determined daily and liveweight was measured every second week. There was no difference in total feed intake between the treatment groups (P > 0.05). Intake of tree legumes was higher when more was offered (P < 0.05), but cows did not consume all of the legumes offered to them. The inclusion of tree legumes in the diet had no effect on organic matter digestibility, ME content of the diet, liveweight gain or estimated energy balance of the cows (P > 0.05). Rice straw alone contained insufficient ME and rumen-degradable N to meet the maintenance requirements of the cows. From the regression relating liveweight change and ME intake for all cows across all diets, the inclusion of tree legumes in the diet at ~12 g DM/kg W0.75.day or 2.8 g DM/kg W.day was enough to meet the energy requirements for maintenance of Ongole cows fed rice straw ad libitum.

Effects of number and siting of single-space feeders on performance and feeding behaviour of growing pigs

1994 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. S. Morrow ◽  
N. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Number Of Visits

SUMMARYTwo experiments of randomized block design were carried out at the Agricultural Research Institute of Northern Ireland in 1991/92 involving groups of 20 pigs fed ad libitum from single-space feeders with built-in water supply from 37 kg to slaughter at 91 kg liveweight.Treatments were replicated 16 and 6 times respectively in Experiments 1 and 2. In the first experiment, one feeder perpen was compared with two feeders per pen positioned side by side. Two feeders increased feed intake (P < 0·05) but had no significant effects on growth rate or feed conversion. With two feeders, the total time that feeders were occupied and the number of visits to feeders were both increased, while the number of enforced withdrawals from feeders and the amount of queuing were both decreased compared with the single feeder. In the second experiment, placing two feeders 2 m or more apart instead of side by side had no significant effects on feed intake or growth rate but improved feed conversion efficiency by 4%. This improvement was associated with fewer and longer visits to feeders but no difference in enforced withdrawals or queuing. In both experiments all treatments showed broadly similar patterns of diurnal feeding behaviour with two peaks of activity daily, a smaller peak pre-midday and a larger one in the afternoon. This pattern was influenced more by number of visits to feeders than by the mean duration of each visit. It is recommended that two single-space feeders are used in pens of 20 finishing pigs when non-pelleted diets are offered ad libitum and that feeders are sited some distance apart, not side by side.

scholarly journals Performance and carcass of local rabbit (Lepus nigricollis) fed concentrate on different levels based on carrot leaf waste (Daucus carota L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Made Nuriyasa ◽  
E. Puspani ◽  
W. Sayang Yupardhi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels

Research about the performance of local rabbit fed different level of concentrate based on   Daucus carota L.was conducted for 12 weeks at Dajan Peken Village, Tabanan District, Tabanan Regency. The research design used was Randomized Block Design with 5 replicates. The animals were allocated randomly into 4 treatments i.e. control ration carrot leaf (Daucus  carota L.) (R0), control ration with 10 g concentrate/head/day (R1), control ration with 20 g  concentrate/head/day (R2) and control ration with 30 g concentrate/head/day (R3).  Daucus carota L. and drinking water offered ad libitum. Results of the research showed that performance of the animals fed control ration with 30 g concentrate/head/day (R3) was higher  (P < 0.05) than that R0 (control) and other treatments. Carcass weight, meat, and fat of the animals fed ration R0 was lower (P < 0.05) compare to treatment R1, R2, and R3. There was no significant difference (P >0.05) to variables of carcass weight, bone weight, and meat bone ratio among R0, R1, R2, and R3 percentages. It could be concluded that the animals fed Daucus carota L. as basic ration that was supplemented with concentrate 30 g/head/day produced higher performance and carcass compare to the animals supplemented 20 g/head/day and 10 g/head/day.

scholarly journals Kadar Hematokrit dan Hemoglobin Ikan Sapu-sapu (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) Terpapar Logam Berat Merkuri Klorida

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Anikha Idzni Junardi Diah Wulandari Rousdy
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Mercury Chloride ◽  
Hematological Disorders ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hematological Tests

Mercury chloride (HgCl2) is one of the heavy metals that are harmful to the environment and can accumulate in aquatic organisms, such as Sucker Mouth Catfish, Pterygoplichtys pardalis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the damage of the hematocrite values and hemoglobin of P. pardalis exposed to mercury chloride. This study used a Randomized Block Design method with 54 male fish and six treatment groups, namely Control (0 ppm); P1 (0.01 ppm); P2 (0.02 ppm); P3 (0.04 ppm); P4 (0.08 ppm); P5 (0.16 ppm). Hematological tests showed a significant difference between treatment and control, while the different hemoglobin values with controls only at a concentration of 0.16 ppm. Mercury chloride causes damage to hematological disorders in P. pardalis

Caracterização da Peneira Média em Clones de Coffea canephora

REVISTA FIMCA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Darlan Darlan Sanches Barbosa Alves ◽  
Victor Mouzinho Spinelli ◽  
Marcos Santana Moraes ◽  
Carolina Augusto De Souza ◽  
Rodrigo da Silva Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Selection Of

Introdução: O estado de Rondônia se destaca como tradicional produtor de café, sendo o segundo maior produtor brasileiro de C. canephora. No melhoramento genético de C. canephora, a seleção de plantas de elevada peneira média está associada à bebida de qualidade superior. Objetivos: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade genética de clones de C. canephora para o tamanho dos grãos, mensurado a partir da avaliação da peneira média (PM). Materiais e Métodos: Para isso, foi conduzido ao longo de dois anos agrícolas experimento no campo experimental da Embrapa no município de Ouro Preto do Oeste-RO, para a avaliação da peneira média de 130 genótipos (clones) com características das variedades botânicas Conilon, Robusta e híbridos intervarietais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições de quatro plantas por parcela. Resultados: Não houve resultados significativos para a interação clones X anos, indicando uma maior consistência no comportamento das plantas ao longo do tempo. Porém foram observadas diferenças significativas para o tamanho dos grãos entre os genótipos avaliados, possibilitando selecionar genótipos superiores. Conclusão: Os genótipos agruparam-se em cinco classes de acordo com o teste de média, subsidiando a caracterização de um gradiente de variabilidade da característica avaliada ABSTRACTIntroduction: Coffea canephora accounts for approximately 35% of the world's coffee production. The state of Rondônia stands out as a traditional coffee producer, being the second largest Brazilian producer of C. canephora. In the classical genetic improvement of C. anephora, the selection of plants of high average sieve is associated with a drink of superior quality. Objectives: The objective of this udy was to evaluate the genetic variability of Coffea canephora clones for the agronomic medium sieve (PM). Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Embrapa, municipality of OuroPreto do Oeste-RO, located at coordinates 10º44'53 "S and 62º12'57". One hundred thirty genotypes (clones) of botanical characteristics Conilon, Robusta and intervarietal hybrids were evaluated in the agricultural years 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four blocks and four plants per plot, spacing 3.5 x 1.5 meters between plants. Results: Significant difference was found for the grain size. According to the F test, at 5% probability, the genotypes were grouped into five classes according to the mean test. Conclusion: The results obtained subsidized the characterization of a variability gradient of the evaluated trait.

The Effect of Stem Segment Cuttings of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora) on Growth of Root and Leaf Sprout

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Bistok Hasiholan Simanjuntak ◽  
Devi Kusuma Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Stem Segment ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference

Robusta coffee plant propagation is recommended to be performed by vegetative methods, one of which is cuttings. Among plant organs that can be used for cuttings is the stem. The research objective was to determine which stem segment from cuttings was able to provide the best root and leaf growth. The layout study used a completely randomized block design (RBD) with an experimental treatment consisting of five stem segments, namely (1) the first stem segment from the upper shoot (A); (2) the second stem segment from the upper shoot (B); (3) the third stem segment from the upper shoot (C); (4) the fourth stem segment from the upper shoot (D); and (5) the fifth stem segment from the upper shoot (E); each treatment had five replications. Data analysis was performed statistically with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's HSD (honestly significant difference) test with a significance level of P < 0.05. Robusta coffee cuttings stems from the second stem segment from the upper shoot were able to provide the optimal root growth (root length) and shoot growth (leaf sprout height and leaf sprout growth rate). Leaf sprout number derived from the cuttings was not affected by the stem segment.

Effect of intraruminal infusion of urea on the response in voluntary food intake by sheep

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
JK Egan ◽  
PT Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

Six mature Merino sheep received three treatments in a randomized block design experiment. The treatments were: chopped oaten hay diet at 90% of ad libitum intake without urea (L); the ciet offered at the same level as for L with urea infused into the rumen at 11.5 g kg-1 dry matter intake (LU); and the diet offered at 90% of the ad libitum intake achieved with urea infused at 11.5 g kg-1 dry matter intake (HU). Sheep given HU consumed 37% more (P < 0.01) organic matter (OM) than those fed L or LU, but the apparent digestibility of OM did not vary (59.2-61.8%) between treatments. The addit onal food consumption was associated with c. 20% increase (P < 0.05) in the weight of OM in the reticulorumen and significantly higher (by 10-35%; P < 0.05) fractional outflow rates of most dietary and microbial constituents of digesta. The fractional digestion rate of potentially digestible plant cell walls was not affected by urea, but the flow of microbial non-ammonia nitrogen from the abomasum was enhanced (L, 7.0; LU, 8.2; HU, 12.5 g day-1; P < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that the stimulatory effect of urea upon food intake was associated with the provision of additional microbial protein for digestion in the intestines, rather than changes in the rate or extent of organic matter fermentation in the reticulorumen.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MULTI NUTRIENT SAUCE (MNS) DENGAN DOSIS YANG BERBEDA DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP KECERNAAN PROTEIN KASAR DAN SERAT KASAR PADA DOMBA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
M Alvin Rifqi Fadilla, Erwanto, Muhtarudin, dan Agung Kusuma Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Department Faculty ◽  
Difference Test

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of addition of Multinutrient Sauce (MNS) in the ration on digestibility of crude protein and crude fiber in sheep.  This research was conducted in May—July 2019 at the People's Farm of Kebagusan Village, Gedong Tataan District, Pesawaran Regency.  The digestibility analysis of crude protein and crude fiber was carried out at the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Animal Husbandry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung.  This study used a randomized block design (RBD) based on sheep body weight with six groups and three treatments, namely R0 (ration without MNS); R1 (R0 + MNS 5%); and R2 (R0 + MNS 10%).  The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA at a 5% significance level or 1% significance, and continued with further test using Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) if there is significant results.  The results showed that the addition of 10% MNS in the ration had a significant effect (P<0.05) on increasing the digestibility of crude protein and crude fiber in sheep.   Keywords: multi nutrient sauce (MNS), digestibility of crude protein, digestibility of crude fiber, sheep.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Feeding Times of Microencapsulated Sodium Butyrate in Whole Milk and Starter Feed on Growth and Health of Holstein Dairy Calves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mahdi Eskandary ◽  
Mehdi Hossein Yazdi ◽  
Ehsan Mahjoubi ◽  
Mehdi Kazemi-Bonchenari
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Fecal Score

Abstract This study aimed to determine the optimal feeding time of microencapsulated sodium butyrate (SB) in whole milk (WM) and starter feed on growth performance and health in dairy calves. Forty-eight Holstein calves (age = 4 d; body weight [BW] = 39.45 ± 2.48 kg) were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatment groups (12 calves per treatment) in a completely randomized block design and fed (1) WM without microencapsulated SB (SB0) supplementation; (2) 4 g/d SB added to WM since d 4 to 32 (SB4); (3) 4 g/d SB added to WM since d 61 to 74 and equal amount was added to starter since d 75 to 88 (SB60); and (4) 4 g/d SB added to WM (since d 4 to 74) and the starter (since d 74 to 88) throughout the experiment (SBT). Calves fed SB4 and SBT had lower fecal score during pre-weaning, transition period, and overall period (P = 0.043, P = 0.05, and P = 0.015; respectively). In addition, calves in SB4 and SBT groups decreased the number of days with scours during pre-weaning period, and throughout study (P = 0.035 and P = 0.025; respectively). SB60 calves had greater serum total protein (P < 0.001) during post-weaning period. Post-weaning and overall albumin concentrations were greater in SB4 and SBT calves (P = 0.011), and tended to increase in pre-weaning period compared to control calves (P = 0.06). Based on these results, addition of SB in WM is recommendable for the first month of milk-fed calves life.

scholarly journals KAJIAN MACAM JARAK TANAM SISTEM JAJAR LEGOWO DAN VARIETAS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN PADI (Oryza Sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Istiqomah Istiqomah ◽  
Ana Amiroh ◽  
Dwi Choiriyah ◽  
Suharso Suharso
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Empty Space ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Factor Ii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Factors

Rice is a rice-producing food crop which now plays an important role in economic life in Indonesia. Namely rice as a staple food is very difficult to replace by other staples. Among them are corn, tubers, sago and other carbohydrate sources. So that the existence of rice is now a top priority for the community in meeting the needs of carbohydrate intake that can be filling and is a source of primary carbohydrates that are easily replaced into an energy source. Rice as a staple food is consumed by approximately 90% of the total population in Indonesia for daily essential food (Saragih,2001). How to plant with the jajar legowo system has the advantage that the plants are on the edge so that optimal sunshine can cause plant productivity to be high, facilitate weed control and pests / diseases, use of fertilizer more effectively and the availability of empty space for regulating water channel circulation on land (Sirrapa, 2011). This research was conducted using Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) method, which consisted of two factors and each factor consisting of 3 levels repeated 3 times, namely: J1: Conventional,J2: Jajar Legowo 2: 1,J3: Jajar Legowo 4: 1. Factor II: Varieties with 3 levels, V1: Situ Bagendit, V2: Ciherang,V3: IR-64. Of the two factors 9 combinations of treatments were obtained and repeated 3 times. Data obtained from observations were calculated by analysis of variance with the Fisher test (-F test at the level of 5% and 1%), if there were significant differences, it would be followed by the Smallest Significant Difference test (LSD 5%). The treatment of the legowo 4: 1 row system and the ciherang variety (V2J3) produces a better value than other treatments.

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