scholarly journals THE IMPLEMENTATION OF BUTON CULTURAL VALUES IN VALUE EDUCATION PLANNING IN BAUBAU REGION OF SOUTHEAST SULAWESI

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Nanik Hindaryatiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Educational Value ◽  
Education Planning ◽  
School Committee ◽  
Depth Interview

The study aimed at finding out the implementation of Buton cultural value into value education planning. This study employed qualitative approach by ethnographic method conducted at SMAN 2 Baubau, south east Sulawesi in 2012. For data collection, in-depth interview techniques, documentation review, and participant observation consisting descriptive, focused and selected observation were used. The observation focused on cultural events and interactive behavioral informants. The informants comprised of principal, teachers, staff, school committee, pupils, parents, community leaders and traditional leaders. For data analysis, spradley technique consisting of domain analysis, taxonomy, componential and theme analysis was used. The findings showed that 1) core values in “gau and pombala” culture in Buton community consisted of cooperative, democratic and ethic value; 2) Buton’s cultural values of“gau and pombala’ were practiced in educational value planning at school.   Keywords: democratic, cooperative, ethic, value implementation, educational planning

scholarly journals Indigenous Cipatat Kolot Society Resilience Based on Leuit in Bogor, West Java

2020 ◽  
pp. 349-365
Author(s):  
Bahagia Bahagia ◽  
Rimun Wibowo ◽  
Fachruddin Majeri Mangunjaya
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Cultural Resilience ◽  
West Java ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Depth Interview

The purpose of this research is to investigate the community resilience based on Leuit (traditional storage of paddies) in Cipatat Kolot customary community in Bogor, West Java. The research method exerts an ethnographic qualitative approach. To assemble data, an in-depth interview with the Cipatat Kolot customary community leaders and observation and documentation was used. The primary information sources of the research come from the leaders of Cipatat Kolot. The result is that the Cipatat Kolot community conserves traditional storage, namely leuit as a traditional building to store paddies from disasters like flooding. It can strengthen cultural resilience because storing paddies in leuit is a traditional heritage from their forefather. Directly, the cultural value can be nurtured from vanishing amid environmental and cultural changes, which can encourage people’s resilience. When storing paddies, there are rules like people must keep half of the overall paddy yields in leuit, and a half of paddy yields must be store at home. People can directly adapt to climate, environmental issues, and eco-catastrophe because they have ample staple food in traditional storage and house.

scholarly journals ANALISIS NILAI BUDAYA DALAM HIKAYAT BANTA AMAT JILID I DAN II KARYA T. A. SAKTI

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-244
Author(s):  
Teuku Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Human Relationship ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Relationship With God ◽  
The People ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Mutual Care ◽  
Descriptive Method

This study aims to describe the cultural values ​​contained in the Hikayat Banta Amat Volume I and II by T. A. Sakti. Cultural value is very important to be studied in order to preserve the cultural heritage of the people of Aceh so that it can be known by the younger generation and re-cultivated in life in the present. The formulation of the problem raised in this study is how the cultural values ​​contained in the Hikayat Banta Amat Volume I and II by T. A. Sakti. The data source in this research is Hikayat Banta Amat Volume I and II by T. A. Sakti. The selected data is each quotation that has a relation to cultural values ​​in the saga. The approach and method used in this research is a qualitative approach and a descriptive method by describing the facts which are then followed by analysis. The cultural values ​​analyzed in Banta Amat sects are grouped according to five categories, namely (1) cultural values ​​in human relations with God, (2) cultural values ​​in human relations with nature, (3) cultural values ​​in human relations with other humans, (4) cultural values ​​in human relations with society, and (5) cultural values ​​in human relations with oneself. The results showed there were 37 quotations related to cultural values ​​that exist in the Banta Amat saga, namely: (1) Cultural values ​​in the human relationship with God there are 6 values ​​in 24 quotes; a) Give thanks to God 3 quotes, b) Give to Allah the Prophet 1 quote, c) Pray and ask God 9 quotes, d) surrender to God 8 quotes, e) Fear God 1 quote, and f) Obey to worship God 2 quotes, (2) Cultural values ​​in human relations with nature are found in 2 quotations about utilizing the forest, (3) Cultural values ​​in human relations with other humans there are 3 values ​​in 4 quotations; a) respect for others 2 quotes, b) say greetings 1 quote, and c) answer greetings 1 quote, (4) Cultural values ​​in human relations with the community there are 3 quotes namely about mutual care, and (5) Cultural values ​​in relationships humans with themselves there are 3 values ​​in 4 quotes; a) Never give up 2 quotes, b) responsibility 1 quote, and c) hard work 1 quote. Based on the results of the study it can be seen that the cultural values ​​in the human relationship with God are more numerous than the other values. This illustrates that the people of Aceh are religious and devout people who worship God. Suggestions from researchers that the people of Aceh continue to preserve cultural values ​​such as the Banta Amat saga in daily life. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan nilai budaya yang terkandung dalam Hikayat Banta Amat Jilid I dan II Karya T. A. Sakti. Nilai budaya sangat penting untuk dikaji guna melestarikan warisan budaya masyarakat Aceh agar dapat diketahui oleh generasi muda dan kembali dibudidayakan dalam kehidupan pada masa sekarang. Rumusan masalah yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana nilai budaya yang terkandung dalam Hikayat Banta Amat Jilid I dan II Karya T. A. Sakti. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah Hikayat Banta Amat Jilid I dan II karya T. A. Sakti. Data yang dipilih adalah setiap kutipan yang ada kaitannya dengan nilai budaya dalam hikayat. Pendekatan dan metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dan metode deskritif dengan mendeskripsikan fakta-fakta yang kemudian disusul dengan analisis. Nilai budaya yang dianalisis dalam hikayat Banta Amat dikelompokkan berdasarkan lima kategori, yaitu (1) nilai budaya dalam hubungan manusia dengan Tuhan, (2) nilai budaya dalam hubungan manusia dengan alam, (3) nilai budaya dalam hubungan manusia dengan manusia lain, (4) nilai budaya dalam hubungan manusia dengan masyarakat, dan (5) nilai budaya dalam hubungan manusia dengan diri sendiri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 37 kutipan yang terkait dengan nilai budaya yang ada dalam hikayat Banta Amat, yaitu: (1) Nilai budaya dalam hubungan manusia dengan Tuhan terdapat 6 nilai pada 24 kutipan; a) Bersyukur kepada Allah 3 kutipan, b) Berselawat kepada Nabi Allah 1 kutipan, c) Berdoa dan memohon kepada Allah 9 kutipan, d) menyerahkan diri kepada Allah 8 kutipan, e) Takut kepada Allah 1 kutipan, dan f) Taat beribadah kepada Allah 2 kutipan, (2) Nilai budaya dalam hubungan manusia dengan alam terdapat pada 2 kutipan tentang memanfaatkan hutan, (3) Nilai budaya dalam hubungan manusia dengan manusia lain terdapat 3 nilai pada 4 kutipan; a) menghormati orang lain 2 kutipan, b) mengucapkan salam 1 kutipan, dan c) menjawab salam 1 kutipan, (4) Nilai budaya dalam hubungan manusia dengan masyarakat terdapat 3 kutipan yaitu tentang rasa saling peduli, dan (5) Nilai budaya dalam hubungan manusia dengan diri sendiri terdapat 3 nilai pada 4 kutipan; a) Pantang menyerah 2 kutipan, b) tanggung jawab 1 kutipan, dan c) kerja keras 1 kutipan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat dilihat bahwa nilai budaya dalam hubungan manusia dengan Tuhan lebih banyak dari nilai yang lainnya. Hal ini menggambarkan bahwa masyarakat Aceh adalah masyarakat yang religius dan taat beribadah kepada Allah. Saran dari peneliti agar masyarakat Aceh terus melestarikan nilai budaya seperti pada hikayat Banta Amat dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Kata Kunci: Hikayat, Nilai Budaya

scholarly journals Semiotics of Roland Barthes in Symbols Systems of Javanese Wedding Ceremony

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. p22
Author(s):  
Mohamad Jazeri ◽  
Susanto Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Roland Barthes ◽  
Connotative Meaning ◽  
The Third ◽  
Marriage Ceremony ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Wedding Ceremony ◽  
Interactive Models

This study is aimed to explain the interpretation of symbols systems in Javanese wedding ceremony. The symbol patterns can be categorized into leaves symbols, vegetable symbols, flowers symbols, food and drinks symbols, Javanese traditional instrumental music (gending-gending), and thread of marriage processions. The data of this study were collected by in-depth interview techniques, participant observation, and documentation. The data were analyzed with the Miles and Huberman interactive models. Data analysis reveals that substantial meanings of the symbols in Javanese wedding ceremony are of advice, prayers, descriptions, parables, and responsibilities. The first, an advice for a bridge/a bridegroom is to have a well foundation, always to love each other, to become a reassuring spouse, to be considerate and think clearly, to have tender heart, and to respect their parents. The second, prayers are delivered in order that the bride and bridegroom have abundant lawful or halal fortune or wealth, have good offsprings, keep away from life barriers. The third, description means that the bridge looks like a beautiful queen and a bridegroom is associated to a handsome and dashing king. The fourth, a parable of marriage is alike to wade the ocean with big waves and storms. The fifth, a responsibility is due to a husband to make a hay or earn money and a wife to manage it then they work together to obtain the goal of marriage. The connotative meaning is flourished to become a myth that marriage ceremony is equipped with standard of symbols that will build the happy and everlasting marriage.

scholarly journals STUDI FENOMENOLOGI : RESILIENCE KELUARGA PENDERITA SKIZOFRENIA DI PUSKESMAS BANTUR

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyu Widiastutik ◽  
Indah Winarni ◽  
Retno Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Alternative Treatment ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Family Resilience ◽  
Supernatural Power ◽  
Interview Technique ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
The Family

This research discusses the resilience dinamics of schizophrenia sufferer with a relapse which aims to explore the feeling of the family about the resiliece dinamics of schizophrenia sufferer with a relapse. This research metodology uses qualitative approach which involves 6 participants. The data analysis uses interpretative phenomenological analysis. The informative method uses in-depth interview technique with their parents and other relatives. The participantss are people who take care of and understand the condition of patient.The result of the research make 9 themes namely : (1) the family of the sufferer knew schizophrenia as a thougt illness; (2) the family feel uncomfortable; (3) they believed that the supernatural power causing the illness; (4) they try hard to cure the sufferer by alternative treatment; (5)the family have crisis life; (6) they regarded all misery which was experienced as God-given; (7) the family feel the care of health and environment  officers; (8) they Raise from the fall; (9) they accept all condition. Keywords : family resilience, schizophrenia, relapse

scholarly journals Manajemen Humas IAIN Madura Dalam Menarik Minat Masyarakat

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
Imam Basofi
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Student Responses ◽  
Management Function

Indonesia Manajemen hubungan masyarakat adalah sebuah fungsi manajemen yang didalamnya meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengorganisasian dan evaluasi terhadap hubungan masyarakat. Hubungan masyarakat sangat penting keberadaannya didalam suatu organisasi. Dengan adanya manajemen yang baik maka humas di perguruan tinggi akan terlaksana secara efektif dan efisien. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini menfokuskan pada dua hal yaitu; 1) Bagaimana fungsi manajemen humas dalam menarik minat masyarakat di IAIN Madura, 2) Bagaimana pola komunikasi humas di IAIN Madura, 3) Bagaimana respon stakeholders terhadap humas di IAIN Madura. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang dilakukan di Institut Agama Islam Negeri Madura. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi. Tahapan analisis data dilakukan dengan penyajian data, redusi data, dan menarik kesimpulan. Pengecekan keabsahan data melalui meningkatkan ketekunan dan Member check. Hasil penelitian ini; 1. Fungsi manajemen hubungan masyarakat dalam menarik minat masyarakat. (a) perencanaan meliputi, perencanaan fisik, perencanaan fungsional, perencanaan secara luas, dan perencanaan dikombinasikan, (b) pengorganisasian humas dibagi sesuai dengan tupoksi, (c) pelaksanaan hubungan masyarakat, melakukan kerjasama dengan pihak internal dan eksternal kampus, malakukan promosi melalui media massa dan menggunakan peran alumni, (d) evaluasi hubungan masyarakat dilakukan disetiap akhir kegiatan. 2. Pola komunikasi humas, a) internal, melakukan rapat dan musyawarah, b) eksternal, melalui kerjasama, media massa (cetak dan online). 3. Respon stakeholders terhadap humas IAIN Madura, a) respon dosen, b) respon mahasiswa, c) respon tokoh masyarakat. Kata kunci: Manajemen Humas, Minat Masyarakat.   Inggris Public relations management is a management function which includes planning, implementing, organizing and evaluating public relations.  Public relations is very important presence in an organization.  With good management, public relations at universities will be carried out effectively and efficiently. The purpose of this study focuses on two things namely;  1) How is the function of public relations management in attracting public interest in IAIN Madura, 2) How is the pattern of public relations communicationIAIN Madura, 3) How is the response of stakeholders to public relations IAIN Madura. This study uses a qualitative approach conducted at the Madura State Islamic Institute.  Data collection techniques using interview, observation, documentation.  Stages of data analysis are performed by presenting data, data reduction, and drawing conclusions.  Checking the validity of the data through increasing perseverance and member checking. The results of this study;  1. The function of public relations management in attracting public interest.  (a) planning includes, physical planning, functional planning, broad planning, and combined planning, (b) organizing public relations is divided according to the main tasks and functions, (c) implementing public relations, collaborating with internal and external campus, conducting promotion through media  mass and using the role of alumni, (d) evaluation of public relations is done at the end of each activity.  2. Public relations communication patterns, a) internal, conducting meetings and deliberations, b) external, through cooperation, mass media (print and online).  3. Stakeholder responses to the PR IAIN Madura, a) lecturer responses, b) student responses, c) community leaders' responses. Keywords: Public Relations Management, Society Proclivity

scholarly journals Konstruksi Aktivitas Berkombur Bermuatan Nilai Kekerabatan Budaya Melayu sebagai Upaya Modifikasi Kecakapan Interpersonal Siswa

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khuzairi Batubara ◽  
Adi Atmoko ◽  
Andi Mappiare AT
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Interpersonal Skills ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

<div align="center"><table width="645" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="439"><p><strong>Abstract:</strong> <em>Berkombur </em>is an activity of communicating both verbally and nonverbally by a group. The purpose of this activity is as a means of socializing, entertainment, increasing friendship, a problem solving and most importantly by inserting humor at each discussion of the theme so that the feeling of saturation and fatigue all day long works away with a happy laugh. This activity is a characteristic of Batubara Melayu culture. The purpose of this study is to describe kinship values in combat activities and obtain construction procedures as an effort to modify students' interpersonal skills. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with a type of dialogue research. The research subject is a student who is an expert in the activity. Coupled with BK teachers, the community, and Malayu humanist. The instrument of data collection uses participant observation and interviews. Data analysis by reducing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that there are eight values in the activity which are grouped into kinship values, and obtaining construction implementation in conducting <em>berkombur</em> activities as an effort to modify interpersonal skills.</p><p class="Abstract"><strong>Abstrak:</strong> <em>Berkombur </em>adalah suatu kegiatan berkomunikasi baik secara verbal maupun nonverbal yang dilakukan suatu kelompok. Tujuan dari aktivitas ini sebagai sarana bersosial, hiburan, meningkatkan silaturahmi, penyelesaian suatu masalah dan menyisipkan humor pada setiap pembahasan tema sehingga rasa jenuh dan letih seharian bekerja hilang dengan tertawa gembira. Aktivitas ini menjadi ciri khas budaya Melayu Batubara. Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah mendeskripsikan nilai-nilai kekerabatan dalam aktivitas <em>berkombur</em> dan memperoleh konstruksi prosedur sebagai upaya modifikasi kecakapan interpersonal siswa. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan tipe riset dialog. Subjek penelitian yaitu seorang siswa yang ahli dengan kegiatan tersebut. Ditambah dengan guru BK, Masyarakat, serta budayawan melayu. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi partisipan dan wawancara. Analsis data dengan cara mereduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan ada delapan nilai di dalam aktivitas tersebut yang dikelompokkan menjadi nilai kekerabatan, serta memperoleh konstruksi pelaksanaan dalam melakukan aktivitas <em>berkombur </em>sebagai upaya modifikasi kecakapan interpersonal.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

scholarly journals The Gayonese Culture of Marriage System: The Islamic Law Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Ridwan Nurdin ◽  
Muhamad Yusuf ◽  
Syarifah Sharah Natasya
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Family Resilience ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World

This research explores the Gayonese culture of marriage through an analytical view of the Islamic law. There has been a shift in marriage system in the Gayonese society, in which the Juelen and the Angkap, the two formerly known systems shifted to Kuso Kini. This is an empirical research using the law historical approach to allow the author restropectively explore the construction of law and its shift from time to time.  The data was gathered through an in-depth analysis of the literature and semi-structured interviews of the community leaders. The findings suggest that marriage systems are shifting and the Gayonese communities do not problematize this transformation. In fact, they are not in the position to force their children to adopt both the Juelen and the Angkap marriage system. This is so, since most communities in the present times prefer Kuso Kini marriage system to the other two. The Kuso Kini marriage system gives freedom for spouses to decide where they should stay, either with their parents or find their own living. This shift in marriage system is the result of cultural intermingled, in which some non-Gayonese migrated to the Gayonese Island and brought with them their own cultural values. The same is true to the Gayonese communities migrating to places beyond the Gayonese Island. It is therefore believed that a shift in marriage system is a must as the world today allow people across different cultural values to integrate with each other. The integration for sure gives changes to a certain cultural value. However, changes in cultural practices do not result in cultural-religious clashes. In fact, it is expected that the changes contribute to the family resilience and the marriage cultural system, the Kuso Kini, prevails.

scholarly journals Cultural Value And Travel Motivation Of European Tourists

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Acheraporn Plangmarn ◽  
Bahaudin G. Mujtaba ◽  
Mohamed Pirani
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Demographic Characteristic ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Travel Motivation ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Travel Motivations ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among demographic characteristic, cultural values, and travel motivations in regards to understanding the context of tourists motivation and how cultural values impact the travel motivation. The study was limited to the tourists who came to the attractive city of Chiang Mai during the research time period. The results indicated that demographic characteristic is a source of cultural values and cultural values impact the travel motivations of the tourists. Also, no significant relationship was found between demographic characteristic and travel motivations. Data analysis and implications are discussed and recommendations are provided.

scholarly journals Potensi Konflik Sosial Masyarakat Nagari Padang Sibusuk dengan Desa Kampung Baru Pasca Resolusi Konflik

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Arisman Trisno ◽  
Junaidi Indrawadi ◽  
Susi Fitria Dewi ◽  
Maria Montessori
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Village

This study aims to determine the potential conflict between Padang Sibusuk and Kampung Baru after conflict resolution. The research was conducted in the village of Padang Sibusuk and Kampung Baru, Sijunjung Regency. This study uses a qualitative approach to reveal how the existence of potential conflicts between the two regions today. Data was obtained through observation, interviews, FGD (Focus Group Discusion) and documentation studies. Data were analyzed using data analysis techniques proposed by Miles and Huberman which consisted of three processes, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The validity of the data was tested by triangulation of sources. The results of the study showed: The potential for conflict is still stored in the nagari community of Padang Sibusuk and Kampung Baru villages after conflict resolution.  Community leaders to the two parties in conflict have not shown their sincerity together to obey the revolution.   The resolution is only an agreement but to comply with it is far from the expectations of those in conflict.

scholarly journals NILAI BUDAYA DAN EKSISTENSI SASTRA LISAN DAYAK GOLIK DI KABUPATEN SANGGAU

tuahtalino ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Hari Purwiati
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Complete Picture ◽  
Oral Literature ◽  
Value System ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Cultural Approach

This study is entitled Cultural Values and the Existence of Oral Literature in Dayak Golik in Sanggau Regency. This study aims to obtain a complete picture of the cultural values contained in Dayak Golik oral literature and its existence at the present time. The theory used in this study is the concept of cultural values. Cultural values in the form of ideas that conceptualize most valuable in the fabric of people's lives. A cultural value system consists of conceptions that live and grow in the minds of most members of the community and that too is closely related to the things they consider to be very valuable in life. This research is a qualitative research in the literature perspective. The approach used in this study is a cultural and sociological approach. The cultural approach is used to analyze cultural values in the oral text of the Dayak Golik stories. Meanwhile, a sociological approach to analyzing the existence of oral literature at the present time in society. Data analysis shows that there are several cultural values which are contained from two oral literatures which are sampled. In the oral literature entitled The Seven Brothers, the value of bubaya contained includes always doing good to other creatures, pitying you, not being jealous, and being patient in facing trials. Meanwhile in the oral literature of Tangraya Cave the cultural values that exist include patience in facing trials, repaying evil with kindness, not being too greedy in life, and respecting guests.

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