scholarly journals Perilaku pemilih pada pemilihan umum kepala daerah Kota Tangerang Selatan dalam masa pandemi covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
Abd. Chaidir Marasabessy ◽  
Nurdiyana ◽  
Setiawati ◽  
Ichwani Siti Utami
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Voter Behavior ◽  
Voter Participation ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
The South ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Real Condition ◽  
Right To Vote ◽  
Main Factor

This study aims to analyze the real condition of voter behavior in the South Tangerang City Regional Head Election during the Covid-19 pandemic, and identify factors that influence voter behavior in the South Tangerang City Regional Head Election during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The research subjects were community members in the Benda Baru area, Pamulang District. Data collection is done by interview, observation, and documentation. The results of the study concluded that; 1) Voter participation in the 2020 regional head election in the Benda Baru Pamulang area was 18,982 people or reached 61 percent and 12,132 people did not exercise their right to vote, or 39 percent, of the total number of people voting as many as 31,114 people. Meanwhile, the behavior of voters in determining their political rights is still dominated by figures and money politics. 2) Citizens' concerns about life safety due to the transmission of the covid-19 outbreak which is the main factor in the decline in public participation in exercising their right to vote in elections to regions in the Benda Baru Pamulang area, South Tangerang City. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kondisi riil perilaku pemilih pada pemilihan umum kepala daerah Kota Tangerang Selatan dalam masa pandemi Covid-19, dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku pemilih pada Pemilihan Umum Kepala Daerah Kota Tangerang Selatan dalam masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek penelitian adalah warga masyarakat di wilayah Benda Baru Kecamatan Pamulang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa; 1) Partisipasi pemilih pada ajang pemilihan kepala daerah tahun 2020 di wilayah Benda Baru Pamulang sebanyak 18.982 jiwa atau mencapai 61 persen dan yang tidak menggunakan hak pilih sebanyak 12.132 atau mencapai 39 persen, dari total jumlah jiwa pilih sebanyak 31.114 jiwa pilih. Sementara perilaku pemilih dalam menentukan hak politiknya masih didominasi oleh sosok figur dan politik uang (money politics). 2) Kekhawatiran warga akan keselamatan jiwa akibat penularan wabah covid-19 yang menjadi faktor utama menurunnya partisipasi masyarakat dalam menggunakan hak pilih pada pemilihan kepada daerah di wilayah Benda Baru Pamulang Kota Tangerang Selatan.

Anti-Violence Persuasive Communication Patterns By “Sahabat Holic” Dangdut Lovers Community

Biokultur ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Adiatma Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Communication Patterns ◽  
Persuasive Communication ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Interactive Analysis ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Data Validity

This study aims to describe the persuasive pattern of non-violent communication by the Sahabat Holic community as a pioneer of anti-violence dangdut lovers in their influence groups on the dangdut koplo music audience in Bantul. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. The research subjects were determined by purposive sampling technique, namely the community founder, community members, and dangdut koplo connoisseurs. The data validity technique in this study used the source triangulation technique. The data analysis technique in this research used interactive analysis methods which included data reduction, display data, and conclusion/verification. The results showed that persuasive communication against violence by the dangdut lover community Sahabat Holic used three communication patterns, namely 1) Human Communication, 2) Attempted Influence, and 3) Beliefs, Values or Attitudes.

scholarly journals MENJAGA KEARIFAN LOKAL DENGAN MEMBUDAYAKAN TRADISI BASUNTING BAGI MARAPULAI DALAM ADAT PERKAWINAN DI KANAGARIAN INDERAPURA KECAMATAN PANCUNG SOAL KABUPATEN PESISIR SELATAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-301
Author(s):  
Febrina Khairunnisa
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
The South ◽  
Head Covering ◽  
Coastal District ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This research is motivated by the unique tradition of a wedding or baralek party in Kanagarian Inderapura, Pancung Soal Subdistrict, Pesisir Selatan District, in Kanagarian Inderapura, the bridegroom or bridegroom starts to use suntiang as a bride in Minangkabau. This article was written to describe the tradition of basuntiang for marapulai in customary marriages in Kanagarian Inderapura, Pancung Soal Subdistrict, Pesisir Selatan District. The benefits of writing this article are expected to be able to provide more knowledge of the marital traditions that exist in the South Coastal District. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research subjects are citizens of Kanagarian Inderapura, Savings of Pancung Problem in the South Coastal District of Pesisir. Data collection techniques through interviews. The result of this research is to preserve local wisdom by cultivating the tradition of basuntiang for marapulai in customary marriages in Kanagarian Inderapura, Pancung Soal Subdistrict, Pesisir Selatan District which is different from other regions in Minangkabau. In other areas marapakai mamakai saluak, but in the Nagari area Inderapura started using suntiang as a head covering when holding a wedding party. The use of suntiang the groom (marapulai) is a custom that has been passed down through generations and inherited from ancestors. 

Deskripsi Kesulitan Belajar Siswa Berdasarkan Karakteristik Lerner dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Geometri

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazom Murio ◽  
Roseli Theis
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Personality Classification ◽  
The Given ◽  
Classification Test ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Geometri adalah bagian matematika yang sangat dekat dari siswa, karena hampir semua objek visual yang ada di sekitar siswa adalah objek geometri, tetapi tidak semua siswa menyukai pembelajaran yang menyertakan gambar, sehingga memungkinkan siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam belajar geometri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan kesulitan belajar siswa berdasarkan karakteristik Lerner dalam menyelesaikan pertanyaan geometri. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa dengan kepribadian wali yang mengalami kesulitan belajar di kelas IX A SMP N 30 Muaro Jambi. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penulis sendiri, lembar tes klasifikasi kepribadian, lembar tes kesulitan belajar, dan pedoman wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan siswa dengan kepribadian wali yang mengalami kesulitan belajar, 100% mengalami kelainan persepsi visual, di mana siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam menentukan seperti apa bangun datar pada masalah tersebut. 60% mengalami kesulitan mengenali dan memahami simbol, di mana siswa melihat simbol "//" sebagai simbol untuk kesesuaian. Serta 40% mengalami kesulitan dalam bahasa dan membaca, di mana siswa kesulitan dalam memahami pertanyaan yang diberikan.   Geometry is a very close mathematical part of the student, because almost all visual objects that exist around the students are objects of geometry, but not all students like learning that includes images, thus allowing students to have difficulty in learning geometry. The purpose of this research is to describe students' learning difficulties based on Lerner's characteristic in solving the geometry question. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. Research subjects were students with guardian personality who had difficulty studying in class IX A SMP N 30 Muaro Jambi. Instruments used in this study are the authors themselves, personality classification test sheets, learning difficulties test sheets, and interview guidelines. The results showed students with guardian personality who experienced learning difficulties, 100% experienced visual perception abnormalities, where students have difficulty in determining what kind of flat wake on the matter. 60% have difficulty recognizing and understanding symbols, where students see the symbol "//" as a symbol for conformity. As well as 40% have difficulty in language and reading, where students difficulty in understanding the given question.

Analisis Penatalaksanaan Fluor Albus Pada Remaja Putri Kelas X Di MA Al-Fatimah Bojonegoro Tahun 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fela Putri Hariastuti ◽  
Andin Ajeng Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Hormonal Activity ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Teenage Girls ◽  
The Central Nervous System

ABSTRAK            Masa remaja mengalami perkembangan fisiologis, psikososial, kognitif, moral dan perkembangan seksual. Perubahan fisiologis pada masa remaja merupakan hasil aktivitas hormonal dibawah pengaruh sistem saraf pusat. Menarche pada umumnya menjadi masalah bagi remaja, hal ini terjadi karena remaja masih belum tahu tentang apa itu menstruasi dan bagaimana menanganinya, sehingga kebersihan daerah genetalia tidak terjaga dan dapat menimbulkan terjadinya keputihan (Soetjiningsih, 2007).            Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penatalaksanaan flour albus pada remaja putri kelas X di SMA AL-Fatimah Bojonegoro tahun 2016. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif yaitu penelitian expose facto (mengungkap fakta) dengan pendekatan pengukuran secara langsung dengan menggunakan data primer. Subjek penelitian semua remaja putri kelas X yang mengalami keputihan di MA AL- Fatimah Kecamatan Bojonegoro Kabupaten Bojonegoro tahun 2016 yang berjumlah 30 responden.            Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan sebanyak 25 responden remaja putri sudah bisa melaksanakan penatalaksanaan pada flour albus. Kata Kunci : flour albus,  remaja putri ABSTRACT            Adolescence develops physiological, psychosocial, cognitive, moral and sexual development. Physiological changes in adolescence are the result of hormonal activity under the influence of the central nervous system. Menarche is generally a problem for teenagers, this is because teenagers still do not know what menstruation is and how to handle it, so that the cleanliness of the genetalia area is not maintained and can lead to whitish (Soetjiningsih, 2007).This study aims to determine the management of flour albus in adolescent girls of class X in SMA AL-Fatimah Bojonegoro in 2016. The type of this research is qualitative research that is expose facto (revealing fact) with approach of measurement directly by using primary data. Research subjects of all teenage girls of class X who experienced whiteness in MA Al-Fatimah Bojonegoro District Bojonegoro District in 2016, amounting to 30 respondents.The results obtained as many as 25 female teenage respondents have been able to implement management on flour albus. Keywords: flour albus, young women

Online ethnography: a study of software developers and software development

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Rodrigo Cordoba-Pachon ◽  
Cecilia Loureiro-Koechlin
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Software Developers ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Online Ethnography ◽  
Area Of Interest

Purpose – Qualitative research has made important contributions to social science by enabling researchers to engage with people and get an in-depth understanding of their views, beliefs and perceptions about social phenomena. With new and electronically mediated forms of human interaction (e.g. the online world), there are new opportunities for researchers to gather data and participate with or observe people in online groups. The purpose of this paper is to present features, challenges and possibilities for online ethnography as an innovative form of qualitative research. Design/methodology/approach – Ethnography is about telling a story about what happens in a particular setting or settings. In order to do this online, it is important to revisit, adopt and adapt some ideas about traditional (offline) ethnography. The paper distinguishes online ethnography from other types of research. It draws some generic features of online ethnography and identifies challenges for it. With these ideas in mind the paper presents and provides a reflection of an online ethnography of software developers. Findings – Online ethnography can provide valuable insights about social phenomena. The paper identifies generic features of this approach and a number of challenges related to its practice. These challenges have to do with to the choice of settings, use of online data for research, representation of people and generation of valuable and useful knowledge. The paper also highlights issues for future consideration in research and practice. Practical implications – The ethnography helped the researcher to identify and address a number of methodological challenges in practice and position herself in relation to relevant audiences she wanted to speak to. The paper also suggests different orientations to online ethnography. Lessons learned highlight potential contributions as well as further possibilities for qualitative research in the online world. Originality/value – Online ethnography offers possibilities to engage with a global audience of research subjects. For academics and practitioners the paper opens up possibilities to use online tools for research and it shows that the use of these tools can help overcome difficulties in access and interaction with people and to study a diversity of research topics, not only those that exist online. The paper offers guidance for researchers about where to start and how to proceed if they want to conduct online ethnography and generate useful and valuable knowledge in their area of interest.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING SERVICES BY USING THE APPLICATIONS INSTRUMENTATION AND ACTIVITY DATA SET IN SMA NEGERI 1 METRO LESSON 2009/2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Agus Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Counseling Services ◽  
Guidance And Counseling ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Research Level ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
High Level

Abstract: Implementation of guidance and counseling services should be based on the needs and problems of students, so the effectiveness of the service will be achieved to the fullest. But the reality is a lot of implementation of guidance and counseling services in schools, do not notice it. So that the completion of the problems experienced by students sama.Berangkat always use the services of this, the research level of effectiveness of guidance and counseling that implementation has been using the application activity instrumentation and data sets as the basis for an implementation of the service. The method used is a qualitative research subjects that teachers BK and Students at SMA Negeri 1 Metro. Data collection technique through interview, observation and documentation. Research results show that by utilizing activity instrumentation applications and data sets, the counseling services have a high level of effectiveness. In carrying out the service, BK teachers can identify problems and needs experienced by students, so that the efforts of the assistance provided to be more precise, and problem students can terentaskan optimally.Keyword: Guidance and Counseling, Instrumentation Applications, Data Association

scholarly journals Case Study of The Phubbing Action of UIN Sunan Kalijaga Students in An Online Lecture

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 956-968
Author(s):  
Wahyu Hidayat ◽  
Aninditya Sri Nugraheni
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Research Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Online Lecture ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to describe and reveal the impact of excessive smartphone use, which then leads to phubbing. This research study was conducted in May 2020 on 30 students of Uin Sunan Kalijaga as respondents or research subjects. This type of research is qualitative research and interviews with all research subjects, and literature review. The results of the study were recorded that 92% of 27 respondents revealed that a phubber did not give appreciation and was more likely to underestimate the other person. So, planting and practicing Pancasila values in everyday life is very important to carry out. This is so that each individual can fortify and organize himself against wise smartphone use. Then it is hoped that through this research study, students as the nation's next generation will realize the impact of excessive smartphone use on social life.

scholarly journals Pemenuhan Hak Politik Penyandang Disabilitas Mental dalam Pemilihan Umum

Kosmik Hukum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizkon Maulana ◽  
Indriati Amarini ◽  
Ika Ariani Kartini
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Mental Disabilities ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Right To Vote ◽  
The Right ◽  
Political Right

The fulfillment of political rights for persons with mental disabilities in general elections has not been running as it should be. Pros and cons arise when collecting data on citizens who have the right to vote at the time of general elections. This research analyzes how the fulfillment of the political rights of persons with mental disabilities in legislation and the obstacles experienced in fulfilling the political rights of persons with mental disabilities. This research is a normative juridical study using secondary data as the main data, namely books, journals, research results, and legislation. Secondary data were analyzed normatively qualitative. The results showed that the political rights of persons with disabilities, including persons with mental disabilities, are a component of human rights that must be fulfilled in a democratic country. The fulfillment of the political rights of persons with disabilities is generally based on Law Number 8 of 2016, namely Article 13 which stipulates that persons with disabilities have the political right to vote and be elected in public office. These rights are important to be respected, protected and fulfilled in order to achieve justice for eliminating political discrimination against persons with disabilities. As for the obstacles experienced in fulfilling the political rights of persons with mental disabilities, namely the difficulty in conveying socialization materials to persons with mental disabilities and the level of voter participation among persons with mental disabilities is still low.Keywords: Political Rights, General Election, Mental Disability

scholarly journals "So We Thought not to Lose Our Background Completely": Agency and Belonging among South Sudanese Acholi in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ryan O'Byrne
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Cultural Performance ◽  
The South ◽  
Community Members ◽  
South Sudanese ◽  
Background Population

<p>The members of the South Sudanese Acholi population in New Zealand are part of the burgeoning number of refugees worldwide. As such, they are at risk of having their personal experiences submerged in the stereotypical view of ‘the refugee experience’. The South Sudanese Acholi community are a small but distinct ethnic sub-community within the wider South Sudanese refugee-background population in New Zealand. One of my primary aims in this thesis is to represent the specifically-situated experiences of individuals from this group within the broader contexts of refugee resettlement. A fundamental aspect of these experiences is the ambiguous and often contradictory senses of belonging which community members describe. Using analysis of the narratives through which these individuals make sense of their resettlement experiences, I determine agency to be an important consideration in experiences of belonging and, therefore, I argue that the role of agency to belonging should be more widely recognised. In this thesis I demonstrate how various attempts by South Sudanese Acholi at cultural (re)production in New Zealand are intimately linked to the many difficulties these individuals experience in resettlement, and particularly to how these difficulties impact the development and maintenance of a sense of belonging. Analyses of individual and common factors demonstrate the importance of belonging to experiences of resettlement. This is apparent throughout all aspects of South Sudanese Acholi’s everyday lives. This thesis is organised around the interlinking nature of three aspects of everyday life: marriage, cultural performance, and discursive practices. A central unifying factor is that each of these aspects of every day experience can be understood as attempts in developing more stable senses of belonging. Data was collected through a combination of participant observation and unstructured interviews. Participant observation was primarily undertaken among the Sudanese Acholi Cultural Association (SACA), a community-organised Acholi cultural performance group. Although not exclusively the focus of this research, the members of this group comprise the basis of my research participants and their resettlement experiences form the basis for my results. A focus on participants’ stories about their lives in resettlement allows analysis of the importance of their everyday practices and perceptions to the ways in which they experience and understand their lives in New Zealand and demonstrates that the on-going interaction between their experiences as refugees and their resettlement experiences are mutually reinforcing. I suggest that if refugees’ own voices and opinions are to be accurately represented, a holistic perspective of the full range of their experiences is required. The ambivalent, multiple, and multifaceted nature of belonging described by South Sudanese Acholi individuals’ is a defining feature of their resettlement experiences. I suggest that South Sudanese Acholi attempts at performing and reproducing their customary cultural practices in New Zealand serve primarily as creative means of adapting to the conditions of resettlement in ways which allow the construction, development, and maintenance of feelings of belonging among community members. However, I also determine that lack of agency is especially important for understanding the ambivalence about belonging South Sudanese Acholi demonstrate when speaking of these resettlement experiences. I argue that behind many of the everyday actions taken by refugees are simultaneous attempts to rediscover a sense of agency and to recreate a foundation for belonging.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluasi Program English Massive Dalam Upaya Peningkatan Kapasitas Masyarakat di Kota Kediri Tahun 2017-2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Anselmus Edwin Dwi Cahya ◽  
Rizqi Bachtiar
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Input Process ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Process Indicator ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Input Indicator ◽  
Process Product

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan program English Massive (E-Mas) dalam upaya peningkatan kapasitas masyarakat di Kota Kediri tahun 2017-2019 dengan teori Evaluasi model CIPP menurut Stufflebeam diantaranya: Context; Input, Process, Product. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek penelitian diantaranya penyelenggara program, partisipan, tutor dengan menggunakan teknik purposive. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan evaluasi program English Massive berdasarkan: Context, latar belakang dan tujuan ialah ingin memberdayakan masyarakat melalui pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris supaya meningkatkan daya saing dan kapasitas masyarakat kota Kediri; syarat E-Mas mudah dan target sasaran seluruh warga Kota Kediri. Input, kesesuaian partisipan telah sesuai namun hanya kategori children memiliki jumlah partisipan tiggi; Tutor disediakan oleh Dinas Pendidikan dan sesuai dengan kriteria namun jumlah tutor menurun; materi yang diberikan sesuai dengan silabus dan kemampuan partisipan dengan fokus conversation dan speaking; anggaran telah mencukupi untuk kebutuhan dan operasional program; sarana dan prasarana sudah cukup memadai karena dikelola oleh masyarakat sendiri; informasi sudah jelas diberikan melalui sosialisasi, media sosial dan internet. Process, penjadwalan telah sesuai sebab jadwal direncanakan oleh partisipan dan tutor; proses pembelajaran cukup efektif melalui diskusi dan fun game; aktivitas selain pembelajaran yaitu outing class, COIN EMAS, outbond dan sebagainya; hambatan yaitu kesadaran masyarakat kurang, adanya kesibukan, spot kurang kondusif, jarak yang jauh antara spot dengan tempat tinggal tutor, honor tidak cair tiap bulan, modul tidak dibagikan ke partisipan. Product, dampak yang dirasakan partisipan adanya peningkatan kemampuan partisipan dalam berbahasa inggris; meningkatkan IPM Kota Kediri.This study aims to investigate the implementation of the English Massive (E-Mas) program as an effort to improve social capacity in Kediri City, year 2017-2019 by utilising Stufflebeams’s theory of evaluation. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. Research subjects include program organizers, participants, tutors by using purposive techniques. The results of the study show that the background and purpose of the English Massive program based on the first indicator in which Context is to empower the society through learning English in order to improve the competitiveness and capacity of the Kediri’s citizens; E-Mas requirements are easy and target for all residents of Kediri City. Based on Input Indicator, participants are arguably fit with the standar but only the children category has a high number of participants; Tutors were provided by the Education Office (Dinas Pendidikan); the material provided is in accordance with the syllabus and the ability of participants focusing on conversation and speaking. The budget is sufficient for program’s expenses and operations; facilities and infrastructure are good enough because they are managed and provided also by the society itself; information has clearly been provided through outreach, social media and the internet. Based on Process Indicator, scheduling is appropriate because the schedule is planned by participants and tutors; the learning process is quite effective through discussion and fun games; activities other than learning, namely outing class, COIN EMAS, outbound and so on; the obstacles are lack of public awareness, busyness, less conducive spot, long distance between spot and tutor's residence, monthly non-payment of honorarium, modules are not distributed to participants. Product Indicator, the impact felt by the participants is an increase in the ability of participants in speaking English as well as improving the HDI of Kediri City.

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