scholarly journals Gloriosa superba and Colchicum autumnale multi-tissue transcriptome analysis for colchicine pathway and rhizome development candidate gene identification

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Samuel Bass ◽  
David R. Gang ◽  
Toni M. Kutchan ◽  
Ganapathy Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Gloriosa Superba ◽  
Colchicum Autumnale ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Significant Barrier ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Rhizome Development

Abstract Background The continued emergence of side-effects caused by synthetic drugs underscores the need for plant-based drugs in human medicine. Medicinal rhizomatous crops are a “goldmine for modern drugs”, and include such species as Gloriosa superba L. and Colchicum autumnale L., the producers of colchicine, a plant-based medicine. The natural isomer of bioactive colchicine is used to effectively treat major diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and gout. The medicinal properties of colchicine are well characterized, however, almost nothing is known about its biosynthesis. The paucity of information on the colchicine biosynthetic pathway is a significant barrier to biomanufacturing of this biomedicine. A comparative transcriptome study of G. superba and C. autumnale serves as a sequence resource to aid with identification of this biomedicine pathway and rhizome development genes for synthetic biotechnology toolbox, which will enable improved colchicine biomanufacturing. Result Transcriptomes of two colchicine synthesizing monocots G. superba and C. autumnale were interrogated to identify putative cDNAs encoding enzymes and transcription factors involved in the colchicine biosynthetic pathway and rhizome development. Mining of the transcriptomes using Blast2GO led to the identification from G. superba and C. autumnale, respectively, of 20 and 29 candidate colchicine biosynthetic genes N-methyltransferases, 3-O-methyltransferases, cytochrome P450s, a class that could catalyze several steps in the pathway, and N-acetyltransferases. Similarly, 19 and 15 candidate rhizome developmental genes, which belongs to several classes including GIGANTEA, CONSTANS, Phytochrome B, Sucrose Synthase), Flowering Locus T, and REVOLUTA. Likewise, about 16 and 12 transcription factors involved in regulating rhizome development and secondary metabolic pathways in rhizomes such as MADS-box, AP2-EREBP, bHLH, MYB, NAC, and WRKY were also found in G. superba and C. autumnale, respectively. Conclusion The predicted genes in G. superba and C. autumnale encode colchicine pathway enzymes that provide fundamental information for plant-based biomedicine engineering in biorhizomes and microorganisms, a potentially important area of synthetic biotechnology. Additionally, increasing our understanding of rhizome functional genomics will lead to improved colchicine biomanufacturing, and generate important knowledge that can be applied to many other medicinal plant species, allowing for the engineered production of additional biomedicines in medicinal rhizomes.

scholarly journals Expression Characterization of Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathway Genes and Transcription Factors in Peanut Under Water Deficit Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Kubra ◽  
Maryam Khan ◽  
Faiza Munir ◽  
Alvina Gul ◽  
Tariq Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Correlational Analysis ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Wide Range

Drought is one of the hostile environmental stresses that limit the yield production of crop plants by modulating their growth and development. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) has a wide range of adaptations to arid and semi-arid climates, but its yield is prone to loss due to drought. Other than beneficial fatty acids and micronutrients, peanut harbors various bioactive compounds including flavonoids that hold a prominent position as antioxidants in plants and protect them from oxidative stress. In this study, understanding of the biosynthesis of flavonoids in peanut under water deficit conditions was developed through expression analysis and correlational analysis and determining the accumulation pattern of phenols, flavonols, and anthocyanins. Six peanut varieties (BARD479, BARI2011, BARI2000, GOLDEN, PG1102, and PG1265) having variable responses against drought stress have been selected. Higher water retention and flavonoid accumulation have been observed in BARI2011 but downregulation has been observed in the expression of genes and transcription factors (TFs) which indicated the maintenance of normal homeostasis. ANOVA revealed that the expression of flavonoid genes and TFs is highly dependent upon the genotype of peanut in a spatiotemporal manner. Correlation analysis between expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes and TFs indicated the role of AhMYB111 and AhMYB7 as an inhibitor for AhF3H and AhFLS, respectively, and AhMYB7, AhTTG1, and AhCSU2 as a positive regulator for the expression of Ah4CL, AhCHS, and AhF3H, respectively. However, AhbHLH and AhGL3 revealed nil-to-little relation with the expression of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes. Correlational analysis between the expression of TFs related to the biosynthesis of flavonoids and the accumulation of phenolics, flavonols, and anthocyanins indicated coregulation of flavonoid synthesis by TFs under water deficit conditions in peanut. This study would provide insight into the role of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in drought response in peanut and would aid to develop drought-tolerant varieties of peanut.

Conserved miRNAs modulate the expression of potential transcription factors of isoflavonoid biosynthetic pathway in soybean seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 3713-3730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Om Prakash Gupta ◽  
Anil Dahuja ◽  
Archana Sachdev ◽  
Sweta Kumari ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Soybean Seeds

The Hexosamine Biosyntheic Pathway and Platinum-Ethylenedicysteine-Glucosamine (Pt-ECG) for Targeted Therapy in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 587-587
Author(s):  
Lan V Pham ◽  
Jerry Bryant ◽  
Archito T. Tamayo ◽  
Richard Mendez ◽  
Edna Chum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Hexosamine Pathway ◽  
Large B Cell

Abstract Abstract 587 Aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), such as diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL), are very common in the US with increasing incidences. Although these lymphomas are now potentially curable, almost half the treated patients still develop relapsed/refractory disease with poor survival outcomes, indicating an urgent need for better therapeutic approaches with improved efficacy. The hexosamine signaling pathway terminating in O-linked N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling has been implicated in cellular signaling cascades and regulation of transcription factors involved in cancer biology. Biological functions of the hexosamine biosynthetic signaling pathways need elucidation, to determine whether altered O-GlcNAc metabolism plays a significant role in hematologic tumors such as DLBCL, and utilize this bifunctional pathway as a targeted therapeutic strategy in DLBCL. We have identified key enzymes of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathways to be highly-expressed in DLBCL cell lines and patient tumor cells. In contrast to normal circulating and tonsillar B cells, DLBCL cells expressed high levels of the rate limiting enzyme glutamine: fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT) as well as terminating enzyme O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). We discovered that several key growth and survival transcription factors, such as NF-kB and NFAT, known to be highly-activated in DLBCL, are linked to the hexoasmine biosynthetic pathway. We demonstrated that both NF-kB (p65) and NFATc1 directly associated with OGT, and down-regulation of OGT by siRNA inhibits these transcription factors activation, suggesting that both NF-kB-p65 and NFATc1 require O-GlcNAc glycosylation by OGT for their activation. ChiP on Chip analysis on NFATc1 indicated that this transcription factor regulates a set of genes involved in glucose metabolism, including hexokinase and GFAT. These results suggest that the hexosamine pathway is highly active and utilized in DLBCL, and that exploiting this bi-functional pathway(s) as a therapeutic approach is feasible. We have previously developed an imaging agent, 99mTc-ethylenedicysteine-glucosamine (99mTc-EC-G) because EC-G mimics phosphorylated N-acetylglucosamine. ECG treatment in DLBCL cells enhances p65 and NFATc1 nuclear translocation. For therapeutic strategies, we developed metallic unlabeled Platinum (Pt) derivatives-EC-G as potential therapeutic agents. Pre-clinical in vitro studies have shown that our two lead compounds, Pt- and Pt-(DACH)-EC-G effectively inhibit lymphoma cell growth and induce apoptosis. These lead compounds can also induce DNA damage in DLBCL cells, through the up-regulation of phosphorylated histone 2AX (pH2AX), leading to the disruption of p65 and NFATc1 binding to DNA. This data importantly demonstrates that the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway is linked to key growth and survival pathways involved in the pathophysiology of DLBCL. Targeting these pathways with novel platinum EC-G compounds as a theranostic approach should lead to new, more effective treatments and diagnosis for DLBCL, particularly for relapsed/refractory DLBCL. Disclosures: Rollo: Cell Point: Employment.

scholarly journals Developmental Variation in Fruit Polyphenol Content and Related Gene Expression of a Red-Fruited versus a White-Fruited Fragaria vesca Genotype

Horticulturae ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Sutapa Roy ◽  
Sanjay Singh ◽  
Douglas Archbold
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Pathway Gene ◽  
Fruit Development And Ripening ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathway

Two cultivars of F. vesca, red-fruited Baron Solemacher (BS) and white-fruited Pineapple Crush (PC), were studied to compare and contrast the quantitative accumulation of major polyphenols and related biosynthetic pathway gene expression patterns during fruit development and ripening. Developing PC fruit showed higher levels of hydroxycinnamic acids in green stages and a greater accumulation of ellagitannins in ripe fruit in comparison to BS. In addition to anthocyanin, red BS fruit had greater levels of flavan-3-ols when ripe than PC. Expression patterns of key structural genes and transcription factors of the phenylpropanoid/flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, an abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic gene, and a putative ABA receptor gene that may regulate the pathway, were also analyzed during fruit development and ripening to determine which genes exhibited differences in expression and when such differences were first evident. Expression of all pathway genes differed between the red BS and white PC at one or more times during development, most notably at ripening when phenylalanine ammonia lyase 1 (PAL1), chalcone synthase (CHS), flavanone-3′-hydroxylase (F3′H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), and UDP:flavonoid-O-glucosyltransferase 1 (UFGT1) were significantly upregulated in the red BS fruit. The transcription factors MYB1 and MYB10 did not differ substantially between red and white fruit except at ripening, when both the putative repressor MYB1 and promoter MYB10 were upregulated in red BS but not white PC fruit. The expression of ABA-related gene 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 1 (NCED1) was higher in red BS fruit but only in the early green stages of development. Thus, a multigenic effect at several points in the phenylpropanoid/flavonoid biosynthetic pathway due to lack of MYB10 upregulation may have resulted in white PC fruit.

scholarly journals TiO2 nanoparticles and salinity stress in relation to artemisinin production and ADS and DBR2 expression in Artemisia absinthium L.

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shariatzadeh Bami ◽  
R. A. Khavari-Nejad ◽  
A. M. Ahadi ◽  
Z. Rezayatmand
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Relative Gene

Abstract Artemisia absinthium L. is an important herb that is widely cultivated in different parts of the world for its medicinal properties. The present study evaluated the effects of four concentrations of nanoparticles treatment (0, 10, 20 and 30 mg L-1) and NaCl salinity stress (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl) and their interactions with respect to the expression of two key genes, i.e. DBR2 and ADS, in the biosynthesis pathway of artemisinin in A. absinthium. Total RNA was extracted and a relative gene expression analysis was carried out using Real-Time PCR. The amount of artemisinin was also determined by HPLC. All the experiments were performed as factorial in a completely randomized design in three replications. The results revealed that salinity stress and nanoparticles treatment and their interaction affected the expressions of these genes significantly. The highest levels of ADS gene expression were observed in the 30 mg L-1 nanoparticles–treated plants in the presence of 150 mM salinity stress and the lowest levels in the 10 mg L-1 nanoparticles–treated plants under 50 mM salinity stress. The maximum DBR2 gene expression was recorded in the 10 mg L-1 nanoparticles–treated plants in the absence of salinity stress and the minimum expression in the 100 mM salinity-stressed plants in the absence of nanoparticles treatment. Moreover, the smallest amounts of artemisinin were observed in the 150 mM salinity-stressed plants in the absence of nanoparticles and the highest amounts in the 30 mg L-1 nanoparticles–treated plants. The maximum amounts of artemisinin and ADS gene expression were reported from the plants in the same nanoparticles treatment and salinity stress conditions. In this regard, the amount of artemisinin was decreased by half in the plants containing the highest DBR2 gene expression. Meanwhile, no significant correlation was observed between these gene expressions and the artemisinin amount in the other nanoparticles–treated plants under different levels of salinity stress. The biosynthetic pathway of secondary metabolites appears to be very complex and dose not directly dependent on these gene expressions.

scholarly journals A Review of the Composition and Health Benefits of Sweet Potato

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Bogdana GREBLA-AL-ZABEN ◽  
Vanda B ABALAU-FUSS ◽  
Suzana Elena BIRIS-DORHOI ◽  
Ioana TALOS ◽  
Maria TOFANA
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cancer Cell Growth ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Hiv Symptoms ◽  
Based Medicine

Plant-based medicine is a popular emerging field. If one follows the research of this domain, will observe that the majority of the work is focused on different herbs as medicinal plants. However, many vegetables and fruits, their juices and extracts, possess medicinal properties and have been used as such since ancient times. Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is one of the main aliments in many countries. Although regarded as a staple food, people observed its beneficial and medicinal properties. Bioactive components such as anthocyanin, polyphenolic compounds, coumarins, calystegines and triterpenes have been indicated to stimulate immune function, reducing oxidative stress and free radical damage, reduce cardiovascular disease risk, suppress cancer cell growth, prevent and improve symptoms of diabetes and hypoglycemia, suppress HIV symptoms, act as hepatoprotective while being part of a nutritious aliment all together. A sweet potato diet can therefore supplement medication for any of the above-mentioned affections. The current article sets to review the benefits and medicinal properties of sweet potato as regarded by specialty literature. The outcome is to list the main components and the medical benefits observed, outlining the potential uses of Ipomoea batatas in the plant-based medicine field. The review sets to investigate components in all plant parts: tuberous roots, leaves and young shoots.

scholarly journals Penyuluhan Penggunaan TOGA (Taman Obat Keluarga) Untuk Pengobatan di Desa Senggigi

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisa Isneni Hanifa ◽  
Dyke Gita Wirasisya ◽  
Raisya Hasina
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Family Treatment ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Counseling Program ◽  
Direct Practice ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
The People ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Medicinal Properties

The trend of "back to nature" is inseparable from the weakness of treatment using synthetic drugs. Some of them are the side effects caused by the high cost of synthetic medicine that is not friendly to people with low economic level, so knowledge about the use of medicinal plants is very important to be owned by the community. The condition of the people of Senggigi village after the Lombok earthquake in August 2018 was under reconstruction. The land that was used for breeding and maintenance of family medicinal plants (TOGA) was destroyed and damaged. Also, public knowledge about the types of TOGA and the use of plants in the environment around the house which has medicinal properties is also lacking. The solution offered to overcome this problem is to provide knowledge about the types of TOGA and its use for health in the form of counseling to the community. This counseling is done to improve the knowledge and skills of the Senggigi villagers in the use of TOGA for health. This activity is carried out with the delivery of material and discussion, as well as the direct practice of how to process TOGA into preparations that are ready for consumption. The counseling program went well and the people of Senggigi village were very enthusiastic in the discussion. This counseling can increase the knowledge of Senggigi villagers about the use of TOGA as a family treatment seen from the increase in the average post-test score against the pre-test score.

scholarly journals Coregulation of Biosynthetic Genes and Transcription Factors for Aporphine-Type Alkaloid Production in Wounded Lotus Provides Insight into the Biosynthetic Pathway of Nuciferine

ACS Omega ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 8794-8802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thitirat Meelaph ◽  
Khwanlada Kobtrakul ◽  
N. Nopchai Chansilpa ◽  
Yuepeng Han ◽  
Dolly Rani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Alkaloid Production ◽  
Biosynthetic Genes ◽  
Insight Into
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