scholarly journals Physiological, Photochemical and Antioxidant Responses of Wild and Cultivated Carthamus Species Exposed to Nickel Toxicity and Evaluation of Their Usage Potential in Phytoremediation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uğurcan Baran ◽  
Yasemin Ekmekci
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Quantum Yields ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Nickel Toxicity ◽  
Antioxidant Responses ◽  
Donor And Acceptor ◽  
Nickel Exposure

Abstract The responses of growth, photochemical and antioxidant defence of safflower species (Carthamus oxyacantha M. Bieb. and Carthamus tinctorius L. exposed to nickel (Ni) toxicity were investigated in the study. Fourteen-day-old seedlings were treated with excessive Ni levels [control, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 mM] for 7 days. The results of chlorophyll a fluorescence indicated that toxic nickel exposure led to changes in specific, phenomenological energy fluxes and quantum yields in thylakoid membranes, and activities of donor and acceptor sides of photosystems. These changes resulted in a significant decrease in the photosynthetic performance of the species, but these negative effects of Ni were not in a level to destroy the functionality of the photosystems. At the same time, toxic Ni affected membrane integrity and the amount of photosynthetic pigments in the antenna and active reaction centers. Additionally, the accumulation of Ni was higher in roots than in stem and leaves for both species. Depending on Ni accumulation, a significant reduction in dry biomass of root and shoot was observed in both species. Two species could probably withstand deleterious Ni toxicity with better upregulating own protective defence systems such as antioxidant enzymes. Among of them, SOD and POD activities were increased with increasing Ni concentrations. The POD activities of both species were most prominent and consistently increased in toxic Ni levels and may be protected them from damaging effect of H2O2. When all results are evaluated as a whole, Carthamus species produced similar responses to toxicity and also both species have Bioconcentration (BCF) and Bioaccumulation factors (BF) > 1 and Translocation factor (TF) < 1 under Ni toxicity may be regarded a good indication of Ni tolerance. Consequently, it is possible to use the Carthamus species in the remediation (phytostabilization) of soils contaminated with nickel, because of their roots accumulating more nickel.

Salt tolerance of the halophyte Limonium delicatulum is more associated with antioxidant enzyme activities than phenolic compounds

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souid Aymen ◽  
Gabriele Morena ◽  
Longo Vincenzo ◽  
Pucci Laura ◽  
Bellani Lorenza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Antioxidant Responses ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Nacl Concentration

In this work we studied the effect of salinity (ranging from 50 to 500 mM NaCl) on the physiological and the antioxidant responses of the local halophyte Limonium delicatulum Kuntze. We based our analysis on 12 biochemical assays that are commonly used to measure the antioxidant responses under stress such as oxidative stress markers, enzymes activities and polyphenolic compounds. Our aim was to study parameters that are strongly correlated with the growth response to salinity. Results showed two different growth responses depending on the concentration of NaCl in the medium. Under 50 to 200 mM, the growth was stimulated before it decreased significantly at 300–500 mM. L. delicatulum revealed a good aptitude to maintain photosynthetic machinery by increasing the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, which is essential for the stabilisation of photosystems and the photosynthesis process under optimal NaCl concentration. Their breakdown at higher salinity decreased the photosynthetic performance of plants resulting in growth inhibition. Moreover, to reduce the damaging effect of oxidative stress and to tolerate the accumulation of salt ions, L. delicatulum induced the activities of their antioxidant enzymes more than their contents in polyphenolic compounds.

Synthesis, computational, and spectroscopic analysis of tunable highly fluorescent BN-1,2-azaborine derivatives containing the N-BOH moiety

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (48) ◽  
pp. 10172-10183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Jacky Saint-Louis ◽  
Renée N. Shavnore ◽  
Caleb D. C. McClinton ◽  
Julie A. Wilson ◽  
Lacey L. Magill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Donor ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Ring System ◽  
Quantum Yields ◽  
System P ◽  
Donor And Acceptor ◽  
Electron Donor And Acceptor

Methods to tune the luminescence wavelength and the quantum yields by controlling the power and location of electron-donor and acceptor substituents on the ring system.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic performance of young maize (Zea mays L.) plants exposed to chilling stress can be improved by the application of protein hydrolysates

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rositsa Cholakova-Bimbalova ◽  
Veselin Petrov ◽  
Andon Vassilev
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Protein Hydrolysates ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Maize Plants

Biostimulants offer a novel approach for the regulation of crucial physiological processes in plants. Recently, it has been observed that the application of biostimulants on both seeds and plants may ameliorate to some extent the negative effects of abiotic stresses such as drought, heat, salinity, and others. In the climate conditions of Bulgaria, the early developmental stages of warm climate crops, like maize, often occur under suboptimal temperatures. Although the mitigation of abiotic stress is perhaps the most frequently cited benefit of biostimulant formulations, little is known about their influence on chilling-stressed plants. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of a biostimulant from the group of protein hydrolysates on both the growth and the photosynthetic performance of chilling-exposed young maize plants grown in controlled environment. Here, we report that application of a protein hydrolysate increased the performance of chilled maize plants, as demonstrated by leaf gas exchange, photosynthetic pigment content, and chlorophyll fluorescence, but did not affect their growth. Nevertheless, based on the better preserved photosynthetic performance of the biostimulant-treated maize plants exposed to chilling, we assume that under subsequent favorable conditions their growth would recover more quickly as compared to the untreated ones.

scholarly journals Interaction of zinc and IAA alleviate aluminum-induced damage on photosystems via promoting proton motive force and reducing proton gradient in alfalfa

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liantai Su ◽  
Jianping Xie ◽  
Wuwu Wen ◽  
Jiaojiao Li ◽  
Peng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Quantum Yields ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Apical Buds ◽  
Zn Addition ◽  
Photosynthetic Machinery ◽  
Al Treatment

Abstract Background In acidic soils, aluminum (Al) competing with Zn results in Zn deficiency in plants. Zn is essential for auxin biosynthesis. Zn-mediated alleviation of Al toxicity has been rarely studied, the mechanism of Zn alleviation on Al-induced photoinhibition in photosystems remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Zn and IAA on photosystems of Al-stressed alfalfa. Alfalfa seedlings with or without apical buds were exposed to 0 or100 μM AlCl3 combined with 0 or 50 μM ZnCl2, and then foliar spray with water or 6 mg L− 1 IAA. Results Our results showed that Al stress significantly decreased plant growth rate, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), quantum yields and electron transfer rates of PSI and PSII. Exogenous application of Zn and IAA significantly alleviated the Al-induced negative effects on photosynthetic machinery, and an interaction of Zn and IAA played an important role in the alleviative effects. After removing apical buds of Al-stressed alfalfa seedlings, the values of pmf, gH+ and Y(II) under exogenous spraying IAA were significantly higher, and ΔpHpmf was significantly lower in Zn addition than Al treatment alone, but the changes did not occur under none spraying IAA. The interaction of Zn and IAA directly increased Y(I), Y(II), ETRI and ETRII, and decreased O2− content of Al-stressed seedlings. In addition, the transcriptome analysis showed that fourteen functionally noted genes classified into functional category of energy production and conversion were differentially expressed in leaves of alfalfa seedlings with and without apical buds. Conclusion Our results suggest that the interaction of zinc and IAA alleviate aluminum-induced damage on photosystems via increasing pmf and decreasing ΔpHpmf between lumen and stroma.

Un exemple d'isomérisation radicalaire en chaînes: la photoinduction de l'isomérisation cis–trans de la pentène-3 one-2

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (22) ◽  
pp. 3915-3926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armel Rioual ◽  
André Deflandre ◽  
Jacques Lemaire
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Quantum Yields ◽  
Unsaturated Ketone ◽  
Chain Process ◽  
Triplet Energy ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Energy Transfers ◽  
Donor And Acceptor ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Triplet Energy Transfer

Mechanisms of the photosensitized cis–trans photoisomerization of 3-penten-2-one which do not imply only classical triplet–triplet energy transfer are proposed; they are based upon measurements of the variations of initial quantum yields of isomerization with the initial donor and acceptor concentrations, the wavelength of excitation, and the nature of the donor and of the solvent. Carbonyl donors (acetophenone, benzophenone, acetone) induce a radical isomerization by a chain process in reducing solvents; the example of acetophenone is specially interesting. In solvents in which the donor is not photoreduced (as benzene or CCl4) classical triplet–triplet energy transfers occur. Sensitization with aromatic donors (benzene, mesitylene) proceeds through triplet–triplet energy transfer at low concentrations of the acceptor. At higher concentrations of acceptor, an exciplex is formed between the ketone and the aromatic in its singlet excited state; this exciplex is deactivated by dissociation and by causing the isomerization of the α,β-unsaturated ketone.

scholarly journals Effect of the Substitution Position on the Electronic and Solvatochromic Properties of Isocyanoaminonaphthalene (ICAN) Fluorophores

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 2434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sándor Lajos Kovács ◽  
Miklós Nagy ◽  
Péter Pál Fehér ◽  
Miklós Zsuga ◽  
Sándor Kéki
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Decay ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Solvent Polarity ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Quantum Yields ◽  
Time Resolved Fluorescence ◽  
Solvatochromic Shift ◽  
Fluorescence Emission Spectra ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Donor And Acceptor

The properties of 1,4-isocyanoaminonaphthalene (1,4-ICAN) and 2,6-isocyanoaminonaphthalene (2,6-ICAN) isomers are discussed in comparison with those of 1,5-isocyanoaminonaphthalene (1,5-ICAN), which exhibits a large positive solvatochromic shift similar to that of Prodan. In these isocyanoaminonaphthalene derivatives, the isocyano and the amine group serve as the donor and acceptor moieties, respectively. It was found that the positions of the donor and the acceptor groups in these naphthalene derivatives greatly influence the Stokes and solvatochromic shifts, which decrease in the following order: 1,5-ICAN > 2,6-ICAN > 1,4-ICAN. According to high-level quantum chemical calculations, this order is well correlated with the charge transfer character of these compounds upon excitation. Furthermore, unlike 1,5-ICAN, the 1,4-ICAN and 2,6-ICAN isomers showed relatively high quantum yields in water, that were determined to be 0.62 and 0.21, respectively. In addition, time-resolved fluorescence experiments revealed that both the radiative and non-radiative decay rates for these three ICAN isomers varied unusually with the solvent polarity parameter ET(30). The explanations of the influence of the solvent polarity on the resulting steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence emission spectra are also discussed.

scholarly journals Trace Metal Accumulation in Rice Variety Kainat Irrigated with Canal Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13739
Author(s):  
Zafar Iqbal Khan ◽  
Asim Mansha ◽  
Muhammad Hamzah Saleem ◽  
Farah Tariq ◽  
Kafeel Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Health Risk Index ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Metal Levels

Due to the rapid increase in industrial and urban areas, environmental pollution is increasing worldwide, causing unwanted changes in the air, water, and soil at biological, physical, and chemical levels, ultimately causing negative effects for living things. This work was performed in Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan, and examined and measured heavy metal levels in various plant parts of the rice (Oryza sativa) variety Kainat (roots, shoots, and grains) with results been set in relation to the soil around the root area. The samples were taken from five different sites. The mean level of trace metals (mg/kg) in grains was soil-dependent and varied from cadmium (Cd) (2.49–5.52), zinc (Zn) (5.8–10.78), copper (Cu) (4.82–7.85), cobalt (Co) (1.48–6.52), iron (Fe) (8.68–14.73), manganese (Mn) (6.87–13.93), and nickel (Ni) (2.3–8.34). Excluding Cd, the absorption of all metals under inspection was recorded within permissible limits, as recommended by the FAO and WHO. The pollution load index for Cd was highest at all sites. The enrichment coefficient of Co, Cd, and Cu were greater. The bioaccumulation factor at all studied sites was present, in order: Cu ˃ Zn ˃ Fe ˃ Mn ˃ Co ˃ Ni ˃ Cd. The translocation factor was present at five different sites: Mn ˃ Fe ˃ Cu ˃ Zn ˃ Co ˃ Cd ˃ Ni. The health risk index of all inspected metals was lower than 1 and was within safe limits. The higher pollution of Cd suggested maintenance of rice crop is recommended, decreasing health risks in humans.

scholarly journals Effects of Taurine on Sperm Quality during Room Temperature Storage in Hu Sheep

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2725
Author(s):  
Liuming Zhang ◽  
Yanhu Wang ◽  
Tariq Sohail ◽  
Yan Kang ◽  
Haoyuan Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Acrosome Integrity ◽  
Hu Sheep

The present study aimed to investigate whether the presence of Tau protected Hu sheep sperm from ROS stress during storage at room temperature. The semen was diluted with extender (Tris-based) at room temperature, supplemented with different concentrations of Tau (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, or 100 mM), and stored at 15 °C. Sperm quality parameters (sperm progressive motility, kinetic parameters, plasma membrane integrity rate, acrosome integrity rate, and MMP) and antioxidant parameters (ROS, MDA, SOD, CAT, and T-AOC) were evaluated during the preservation of semen. The addition of Tau, especially at a concentration of 20 mM, exerted positive effects on sperm quality parameters and antioxidant parameters compared to the sperm without Tau treatment (control group). The addition of Tau, especially at a concentration of 100 mM, exerted negative effects on sperm quality parameters and antioxidant parameters compared to the control group. Interestingly, the results indicated that the sperm acrosome integrity rate did not change during storage time. In conclusion, the addition of Tau to sperm preserved at room temperature can enhance the antioxidant ability of sperm, reduce the LPO on the 5th day, and improve the quality of semen preserved at room temperature. These results implied that Tau had potential to enhance Hu sheep sperm reproductive performance.

scholarly journals The Impact of Radiofrequency Waves on Male Infertility: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leili Darvish ◽  
Azadeh Amraee ◽  
Marjan Akhavan Amjadi ◽  
Zahra Atarodi Kashani ◽  
Masoumeh Ghazanfarpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Impact

Context: As the use of cellphones and other electronic devices increases, concerns about the possible effect of radiofrequency waves on health are growing. Long-term use of the cellphone may have negative effects on sperm quality. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to examine men's infertility due to the effect of radiofrequency waves. Methods: In this systematic review, language restrictions were not considered in searching the databases. Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, PubMed, EMBASE, ProQuest, CINAHL, Science Direct, MEDLINE, and Scopus were used to obtain the data from them. All data were scanned from the year 2000 until 2019. Papers selected for retrieval were evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa and CONSORT scales. Results: A total of 14 articles that met the inclusion criteria were ultimately assessed. Motile sperm, sperm vitality and membrane integrity, morphology, volume, total sperm count, sperm concentration, and sperm fertility were found to be influenced by radiofrequency waves. Conclusions: The results showed that RF has detrimental effects on semen parameters and due to an increase in RF wave use currently and its role in male infertility, giving information to men about adverse complications of RF is necessary. Further studies are needed to design the less harmful devices.

Tart cherry consumption with or without prior exercise increases antioxidant capacity and decreases triglyceride levels following a high-fat meal

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1209-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine R. Polley ◽  
Natalie J. Oswell ◽  
Ronald B. Pegg ◽  
Jamie A. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Prunus Cerasus ◽  
Tart Cherry ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Responses ◽  
Prior Exercise

Exercise and high-phytonutrient foods may lower oxidative stress and increase antioxidant levels, which could combat the negative effects associated with a high-fat (HF) meal. The objective of this study is to test the effects of Montmorency tart cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) consumption, with or without aerobic exercise, on antioxidant responses to an HF meal. Twelve normal-weight men (aged 22 ± 3 years), participated in a randomized crossover design comprising 4 trials: (i) HF meal with Montmorency tart cherry consumption (MC), (ii) HF meal with placebo (P), (iii) exercise prior to HF meal with MC (E+MC), and (iv) exercise prior to HF meal with P (E+P). The HF meal contained 60 g of fat and was consumed with MC or P. For exercise trials, a 30-min bout of submaximal treadmill exercise was performed the afternoon prior to HF meal consumption. Antioxidant capacity and triglycerides (TG) levels were measured at baseline and at 1, 2, and 3 h postprandially. Postprandial antioxidant capacity as assessed by oxygen radical absorbance capacity was significantly higher after MC and E+MC compared with E+P (incremental area under the curve (iAUC): 2.95 ± 2.19 and 4.87 ± 1.45 vs. −1.02 ± 1.72 mmol Trolox equivalents/L for MC and E+MC vs. E+P, respectively; p < 0.01). Postprandial TG levels were significantly lower after E+MC compared with P (iAUC: 58.99 ± 19.46 vs. 107.46 ± 22.66 mmol Trolox equivalents/L for E+MC vs. P, respectively; p < 0.05). These results indicate that MC consumption alone, and in combination with prior exercise, leads to greater antioxidant capacity following an HF meal compared with prior exercise with placebo. Further, MC consumption with prior exercise led to more favorable postprandial TG levels compared with placebo.

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