Effectiveness of Squid Hydrolysate as a Home Lawn Fertilizer

Consumer demand for cleaned squid generates a substantial amount of waste that must be properly disposed of, creating an economic burden on processors. A potential solution to this problem involves converting squid byproducts into an organic fertilizer, for which there is growing consumer demand. Organic fertilizers are reputed to offer advantages that synthetic fertilizers cannot provide, such as increasing soil water- and nutrient-holding capacity and promoting the growth of beneficial soil organisms. To evaluate the effectiveness of hydrolyzed squid waste as an organic fertilizer, we quantified soil fertility and turfgrass quality on perennial ryegrass turf (Lolium perenne L.) amended with two types of fertilizer: squid-based (SQ) or synthetic (SY). Field plots were established on an Enfield silt loam in Kingston, RI, and liquid (L) or granular (G) fertilizer formulations of squid or synthetic fertilizers were applied at 0, 48, 146, and 292 kg nitrogen/ha/year. Soil physical, chemical, and biological properties were determined monthly and turfgrass quality was determined periodically during the growing season in 2008 and 2009. Squid hydrolysate applied as a liquid (SQL) and granular (SQG) fertilizer consistently provided high-quality, uniform turf when compared with synthetic fertilizer applied at the same rate. Soil concentrations of NO3, NH4, PO4, pH, moisture, soil organic matter, C:N ratio, and levels of trace metals were unaffected by fertilizer type, formulation, or rate throughout the two-year study. Both squid-based organic fertilizer formulations gave significantly higher microbial activity rates than their synthetic counterparts regardless of application rate. Conversion of squid processing byproducts into fertilizer has the potential to improve turfgrass quality while providing a sustainable solution to waste disposal problems in the seafood processing industry.

Download Full-text

EFFECTS OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER TYPES AND DOSAGE ON BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL, GROWTH AND PRODUCTS OF ONION (Allium ascalonicum L.) OUTSIDE THE PLANTING SEASON IN BUAHAN VILLAGE, BALI, INDONESIA

International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.24843/ijbb.2021.v08.i02.p02 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 6

Author(s):

Ni Luh Kartini

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Synthetic Fertilizers ◽

High Doses

Planting shallots in Buahan Village is only carried out once a year, namely in July. The continuous use of synthetic fertilizers at high doses without being balanced with natural fertilizers has degraded the land so that soil fertility has decreased. The negative impact caused is a decrease in the yield of shallots. Quality organic fertilizers can overcome this problem. Organic vermicompost and biosllury fertilizers are quality organic fertilizers that can replace synthetic fertilizers to increase the growth and yield of shallots. The research objective was to determine the growth and yield of shallots by giving the type and dose of organic fertilizers outside the growing season. The research was conducted from March to July 2019 in Buahan Village, Kintamani District, Bangli Regency. The study used a simple randomized block design with one factor with 6 treatments, namely B0 (Without Organic Fertilizer), B1 (2000 kg / ha vermicompost); B2 (1000 L / ha biosllury) B3 (1000kg / ha vermicompost + 500 L / ha biosllury); B4 (4000 kg / ha vermicompost); B5 (2000 L / ha biosllry); B6 (2000kg / ha vermicompost + 1000 L / ha biosllury); B7 (4000 kg / ha vermicompost + 2000L biosllry) and B8 (5000 kg / ha vermicompost + 3000L / ha biosllury). The parameters observed were plant height, number of tillers, tuber wet weight per clump, harvest dry weight of tubers per clump and number of cloves per clump, soil pH, N-total (%), C-organic and total population of soil microorganisms. The results showed that the type and dose of organic fertilizer had a significant effect on all the meters observed. Treatment of 5000 kg / ha vermicompost + 3000L / ha biosllury gave the highest yield, namely 56.8 g per clump, 60% higher than the control 35.5 g per clump.

Download Full-text

Pelatihan Pembuatan dan Pengembangan Pupuk Organik Cair Biokultur dan Biourin untuk Mendukung Sistem Budidaya Sayuran Organik

PengabdianMu Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ◽

10.33084/pengabdianmu.v4i2.891 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 99-104

Author(s):

Sri Anjar Lasmini ◽

Idham Idham ◽

Anthon Monde ◽

Tarsono Tarsono

Keyword(s):

Technology Transfer ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Development Program ◽

Farming System ◽

The Other ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Chemical Fertilizers ◽

Vegetable Farming ◽

Synthetic Fertilizers

In the development of vegetable farming by the community, there are fundamental problems which are generally carried out conventionally with the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides to determine the success of their farming. With the farming system, the community suffers a lot of losses because the inputs used are relatively expensive and on the other hand the products become cheap because the quality is not guaranteed. The solution to this problem is to develop bio-culture organic fertilizers and bio-urine whose raw materials are available in the region. The partner village development program aims to conduct training on the making and development of liquid organic fertilizer bio-culture and biourine to support the cultivation of organic vegetables. The method of approach applied is technology transfer (TT) and entrepreneurship capacity building (ECB) which is carried out with the Participatory Rural Approach (PRA) approach ) which in its implementation uses the method of lecture/discussion, training, making demo plotting, and assistance. The results achieved in the implementation of this program were that participants were able to make and develop liquid organic bioculture fertilizers and biourin and apply it to their farms as an alternative to chemical fertilizers

Download Full-text

Pembuatan Bokasi Berbahan Dasar Jerami Bagi Masyarakat Kelompok Tani Di Desa Borikamase Kabupaten Maros

Biosel Biology Science and Education ◽

10.33477/bs.v10i1.1895 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Dian Safitri ◽

Nurul Magfirah ◽

Irmawanty Irmawaty ◽

Haerul Syam

Keyword(s):

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Rice Fields ◽

Raw Material ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

High Price ◽

Farming Communities ◽

Farming Community ◽

Synthetic Fertilizers ◽

The Right

The large number of rice fields in Borikamase Village, resulting in high production of hay, requires an appropriate effort to use straw into organic fertilizer or bokashi which is environmentally friendly as well as safe for plants. The use of straw into bokashi or organic fertilizer needs to be taught to the farming community, so the community service team focuses on providing assistance and training to the community in utilizing straw as a raw material in making bokashi by using microorganisms as the source of fermentation. In addition, the high price of synthetic fertilizers on the market makes farmers in Borikamase Village feel heavy in providing nutritional supplies to their agricultural areas, so that this training is expected to help farmers by obtaining fertilizers that are cheap, safe, and of good quality to fertilize. The existence of biotechnology applications, provides the right solution in overcoming the damage to bald mountains and the scarcity and high price of synthetic fertilizers, namely by processing straw into bokashi or organic fertilizers with high nutrient content and are safe for the environment. In addition, providing knowledge and skills for farming communities as agents of reform in restoring ecosystem balance through the application of bokashi made of straw on rice fields. Keywords: Training, Mentoring, Boricamase, Straw

Download Full-text

Effect of Vermicompost on Chemical and Biological Properties of an Alkaline Soil with High Lime Content during Celery (Apium graveolens L. var. dulce Mill.) Production

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha44110157 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 280-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Ilker UZ ◽

Sahriye SONMEZ ◽

Ismail Emrah TAVALI ◽

Sedat CITAK ◽

Dilek Saadet URAS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mediterranean Region ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Apium Graveolens ◽

Alkaline Soil ◽

Lime Content ◽

Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to investigate impact of vermicompost on chemical and biological properties of an alkaline soil with high lime content in the presence of plant under the open field conditions in semiarid Mediterranean region of Turkey. The study also included farmyard manure and chemical fertilizers for comparison and was conducted in two consecutive growth seasons in the same plots to observe any cumulative effect. Plots were amended with fertilizers in different rates and celery (Apium graveolens L. var. dulce Mill.) was grown as the test plant. In general, vermicompost appeared to be more effective to increase organic matter, N, P, and Ca compared to farmyard manure. Soil alkaline phosphatase and Î²-glucosidase activities, especially in the second growth season, were significantly elevated by the vermicompost application. Urease activity, however, appeared not to be influenced by the type of organic fertilizer. A slight but statistically significant difference was detected between organic amendments in terms of number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria with vermicompost giving the lower values. Results showed that, in general, vermicompost significantly alters chemical and biological properties of the alkaline soil with high lime content during celery production under field conditions compared to farmyard manure and that it has a high potential to be used as an alternative to conventional organic fertilizers in agricultural production in the Mediterranean region of Turkey.

Download Full-text

Growth and Yield of Chili Pepper as Affected by Weed Based Organic Compost and Nitrogen Fertilizer

10.31219/osf.io/yxm3c ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Nanik Setyowati ◽

Zainal Muktamar ◽

Bani Suriyanti ◽

Marulak Simarmata

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Chili Pepper ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Wedelia Trilobata ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Speed Up ◽

Organic Compost

Fertility improvement of Ultisol is inevitable to increase growth and yield of chili pepper since the nutrient availability and organic matter of this soil is relatively low. Application of organic fertilizer will enhance microorganism activity in soil, thereafter will improve the availability of nutrients as well as other chemical, physical, biological properties of the soil. Most of manure releases nutrient quite slowly; therefore, addition of nitrogen to soil is expected to speed up the availability of nutrient to plant. Weed based organic fertilizers from Wedelia (Wedelia trilobata) and Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) biomass have potential to substitute inorganic fertilizer. The objective of the experiment was to compare the effects of weed based organic compost and dry leaves compost with or without addition of nitrogen fertilizer on growth and yield of chili pepper. The experiment was carried out using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with treatments of 200 kg urea ha-1; Wedelia compost (WDC) 20 ton ha-1; WDC 15, 10, and 5 ton ha-1 with addition of 200 kg urea ha-1 respectively; Siam weed compost (SWC) 20 ton ha-1, SWC 15, 10, and 5 ton ha-1 with addition of 200 kg urea ha-1 respectively; and dry leaves compost (DLC) 20 ton ha-1, DLC 15, 10, and 5 ton ha-1 with addition of 200 kg urea ha-1 respectively. The result revealed that composts with or without addition of nitrogen fertilizer had similar responses on the growth of chili pepper. Wedelia and Siam weeds compost at 20 ton ha-1 tended to give better yield of chili pepper as compared to application of urea alone. This result indicated that weed based organic fertilizers could substitute nitrogen fertilizer.

Download Full-text

A New Method to Recycle Dairy Waste for the Nutrition of Wheat Plants

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11050840 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 840

Author(s):

Saif Alharbi ◽

Ali Majrashi ◽

Adel M. Ghoneim ◽

Esmat F. Ali ◽

Abdullah S. Modahish ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Sandy Soils ◽

Field Studies ◽

Application Rate ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Low Fertility ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Dairy Waste ◽

Dairy Wastes

Dairy products are vital components of human food, however, they are rapidly spoiled due to their high content of organic matter which encourages the growth of decomposing microbes. The recycling of dairy wastes is an ideal solution to preserve the environment, as it is in line with the principles of sustainable agriculture. In this experiment, an organic fertilizer was extracted from dairy wastes and was used for the nutrition of wheat grown on sandy soils under two-year field studies. The application rate of the extracted organic fertilizer was 8 ton ha−1. Moreover, the same rates of N, P, and K were added from inorganic fertilizers. The extracted organic fertilizer significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the wheat growth and increased chlorophyll by 11% and 16% in the first and second season, respectively, in comparison to the inorganic fertilization. The extracted organic fertilizer significantly minimized the soil pH from an initial value of 8.00 to 7.05. The tested organic fertilizer increased the uptake of N, P, and K by 55%, 49%, and 51% above the inorganic nutrition, respectively. The wheat straw and grain yield increased by 16% and 29% as a result of the addition of the organic fertilizer extracted from dairy wastes. The dairy wastes organic fertilizer caused a notable improvement in the soil quality. The extracted organic fertilizer was able to supply wheat with its nutrient requirements as it showed a remarkable superiority over the mineral fertilization. The disposal of expired dairy waste can be managed in a way that preserves the environment by converting it to organic fertilizers. Laboratory and field experiments have proven the efficiency of the extracted organic fertilizer in nutrition of wheat plants in sandy soils with low fertility.

Download Full-text

Hasil Padi dan Kelimpahan Gulma dengan Aplikasi Jenis Pupuk Berbeda di Lahan Kering Tadah Hujan pada Musim Kemarau

Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia ◽

10.18343/jipi.26.2.259 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 259-266

Author(s):

Yugi Rahayu Ahadiyat ◽

Sisno Sisno

Keyword(s):

Rice Yield ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Dry Season ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Agricultural System ◽

Recommended Dosage ◽

Cyperus Difformis ◽

Synthetic Fertilizer ◽

Synthetic Fertilizers

Rice yield and proper weed control need to be increased through an environmentally friendly agricultural system approach in rainfed land during the dry season by reducing the dosage of synthetic fertilizers. This study aims to determine the effect of different fertilizer applications on rice yield and weed abundance in rainfed land during the dry season. The study used a split-plot design, with the main plot of rice variety, i.e., Situ Bagendit and IR-64, and subplots of fertilizer, namely synthetic fertilizers (N, P, K), organic fertilizers + P60 + ½ dose of synthetic fertilizers, organic fertilizers + PGPR + ½ dose of synthetic fertilizer and organic fertilizer + P60 + PGPR + ½ dose of synthetic fertilizer with three replications. The variables observed were rice yield components, namely panicle length, total empty grain and content per panicle, grain weights per hill, effective plot and hectare, 1000 grain weight, harvest index, and weeds summed dominance ratio (SDR). The synthetic fertilizers and three various organic fertilizers, biological fertilizers, and synthetic fertilizers gave different results on the SDR of weeds. The weeds of Sphenoclea zeynalica and Cyperus difformis showed consistent dominance with higher SDR than other weeds, i.e.,> 15 and > 10, respectively. The application of organic and biological fertilizers with half the recommended dosage of the synthetic fertilizers is equivalent to applying the recommended dosage of synthetic fertilizers on rice yield during the dry season on the rainfed dryland with low rainfall intensity and a low yield of 1.3–1.7 t/ha. Keywords: biological fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilizers, rice, weeds

Download Full-text

Biochar enriched with organic fertilizer improves the survival and growth rate of Anthocepalus cadamba seedlings planted on degraded spodosols

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d201237 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Syahrinudin Syahrinudin ◽

Wahjuni Hartati ◽

Triyono Sudarmadji ◽

Nurman Krisdianto ◽

Ibrahim Ibrahim

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Application Rate ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Diameter Growth ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Seedling Growth Rate ◽

Survival And Growth ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Abstract. Syahrinudin, Hartati W, Sudarmadji T, Krisdianto N, Ibrahim. 2019. Biochar enriched with organic fertilizer improves the survival and growth rate of Anthocepalus cadamba seedlings planted on degraded spodosols. Biodiversitas 20: 3741-3750. The application of biochar for the improvement of soil properties and fertility has drawn enormous interest worldwide nowadays and numerous application options are now available. This research was aimed to evaluate the effects of the application of biochar and organic fertilizers on the survival and growth of Anthocepalus cadamba seedlings planted on degraded spodosols soil on bioassay trial in the nursery. Bioassay trial was carried out in the nursery of Faculty of Forestry, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia, employing a 2-factors Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with factor 1 was the rate of biochar application (i.e. six levels of treatment: 0 (control), 2, 5, 10, 25 and 100%v of biochar), and factor 2 (enrichment of organic fertilizers, i.e. with enrichment and without enrichment), and each treatment combination had 3 replications. The results showed that biochar application alone improved height and diameter growth rate of A. cadamba seedlings by 253% and 116% of control treatment (without biochar), respectively. Enrichment of organic fertilizers gave further improvement in height and diameter growth rate of A. cadamba seedlings to 386% and 150% of control treatment (without biochar), respectively. Furthermore, biochar application improved survival and biomass growth rate of the seedlings. Enrichment of organic fertilizers into biochar improved not only seedling growth rate but also more interestingly the carrying capacity of spodosols to biochar application rate. We concluded that biochar application complemented with enrichment of organic fertilizers on spodosols is highly promising for the improvement of both soil carbon sequestration and plant growth performance.

Download Full-text

CONVERSION OF BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PLANT SLUDGE TO ORGANIC FERTILIZER FOR APPLICATIONS IN ORGANIC FARMING

Detritus ◽

10.31025/2611-4135/2020.13899 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Agampodi Sunil Shanta Mendis ◽

Shashiprabha Punyakantha Dunuweera ◽

Shanta Walpolage ◽

Rajapakse Mudiyanselage Gamini Rajapakse

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Biological Treatment ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

C:N Ratio ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Fertilizer Production ◽

Materials Used

Conversion of the sludge generated in the biological treatment plants of glove dipping industries of Sri Lanka to a valuable organic fertilizer after removing toxic metal ions such as heavy metals and excess Zn and Al present in the sludge to allowable limits is described. In order to do so, the raw materials used were analysed for these species and for their nutritional values. Removal of metal ions by different acids such as HNO3 and acetic acid digestion processes are revealed and the results are compared. Dilution of the metal ion-removed sludge with other raw materials used in organic fertilizer production to enable maintain right C:N ratio and the use of these materials in the fertilizer production process used are presented. Application of the fertilizer to soils of fruit and vegetable plantations and measurement of Zn, Al and heavy metals in the soil and plant parts and their crops as a function of time is also described. The quality of vegetables and fruits produced by applying this new fertilizer is compared with those obtained in the open market.It has been shown that the former contains no or much less than maximum allowable limits of heavy metals or toxic species when compared to those grown using other organic fertilizers. This study is useful for industrial biological treatment plant sludge management by converting it to a useful product.

Download Full-text

APLIKASI PUPUK ORGANIK DAN NPK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN VEGETATIF MELON (Cucumis melo L.)

JURNAL BIOLOGI TROPIS ◽

10.29303/jbt.v19i1.1003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ahmad Raksun ◽

Lalu Japa ◽

I Gde Mertha

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Cucumis Melo ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Stem Length ◽

Fertilizer Plant ◽

Npk Fertilizer ◽

Synthetic Fertilizers ◽

Cucumis Melo L

Abstrak:Pupuk merupakan kebutuhan yang sangat vital bagi tanaman. Di dalam pupuk terkandung berbagai unsur hara yang sangat penting untuk mendukung pertumbuhan tanaman. Pemupukan tanaman dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan pupuk sintetik maupun pupuk organik. Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang aplikasi pupuk organik dan pupuk NPK untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan vegetatif melon yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) pengaruh aplikasi pupuk organik terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatifmelon, (2)pengaruh aplikasi pupuk NPK terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatifmelon, (3)pengaruh interaksi pupuk organik dan pupuk NPK terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatifmelon.Dalam penelitian ini digunakan Rancangan Faktorial yang terdiri atas 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah dosis pupuk organik dan faktor kedua adalah dosis pupuk NPK. Perlakuan pupuk organik terdiri atas 4 level yaitu: Po = tampa pemberian pupukorganik (kontrol), P1 = pemberian 0,5 kg pupuk organik/1 m2 lahan, P2 = pemberian 1,0 kg pupuk organik/1 m2 lahan, P3 = pemberian 1,5 kg pupuk organik/1 m2 lahan, Selanjutnya faktor pupuk NPK terdiri atas 5 level yaitu, N0 = tampa pemberian pupuk NPK (kontrol), N1 = pemberian 5 gram pupuk NPK/tanaman, N2 = pemberian 10 grampupuk NPK/tanaman, N3 = pemberian 15 grampupuk NPK/tanaman, N4 = pemberian 20 gr pupuk NPK/tanaman.Parameter pertumbuhan yang diukur adalahpanjang batang dan panjang daun melon, Data kuantitatif hasi pengukuran parameter di atas dianalisis dengan analisis sidik ragam.Dalam penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi pupuk organik berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif melon. Aplikasi pupuk NPK berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap pertumbuhan melon. Interaksi pupuk organik dan pupuk NPK tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif melon. Kata kunci : Pupuk organik, pupuk NPK, Pertumbuhan vegetatif melon Abstract:Fertilizers are a very vital requirement for plants. Fertilizer contains various nutrients that are very important to support plant growth. Fertilizing plants can be done by using synthetic fertilizers or organic fertilizers. Research has been carried out on the application of organic fertilizer and NPK fertilizer to improve the vegetative growth of melons which aims to find out: (1) the effect of organic fertilizer on vegetative melon growth, (2) the effect of NPK fertilizer on vegetative growth of melons, (3) the effect of interaction between organic fertilizer and NPK fertilizer on vegetative melon growth. In this study a Factorial Design consisting of 2 factors was used. The first factor is the dose of organic fertilizer and the second factor is the dose of NPK fertilizer. The treatment of organic fertilizer consists of 4 levels, namely: Po = without giving organic fertilizer (control), P1 = giving 0.5 kg organic fertilizer/1 m2 land, P2 = giving 1.0 kg organic fertilizer/1 m2 land, P3 = giving 1.5 kg of organic fertilizer/1 m2 land, then NPK fertilizer factor consists of 5 levels, namely N0 = without NPK fertilizer (control), N1 = giving 5 grams of NPKfertilizer/plant, N2 = giving 10 grams of NPK fertilizer/plant, N3 = giving 15 grams of NPK fertilizer/plant, N4 = giving 20 grams of NPK fertilizer/plants.Thegrowth parameters were stem length and melon leaf length.Data were analyzed by using ANOVA. In this reseach concluded thatthe application of organic fertilizer hasa significant effect on the vegetative growth of melon. The application of NPK fertilizer has a significant effect on the growth of melon. The interaction of organic fertilizer and NPK fertilizer did not significantly affect the growth of melon. Keywords : Organic fertilizer, NPK fertilizer, vegetative melon growth

Download Full-text