The Next Ten Years: Strategic Vision of Water Resources for Nursery Producers

Nursery and greenhouse producers, research and extension faculty, and representatives from allied fields collaborated to formulate a renewed vision to address water issues affecting growers over the next 10 years. The authors maintained the original container irrigation perspective published in “Strategic vision of container nursery irrigation in the next ten years,” yet broadened the perspective to include additional challenges that face nursery crop producers today and in the future. Water availability, quality, and related issues continue to garner widespread attention. Irrigation practices remain largely unchanged due to existing irrigation system infrastructure and minimal changes in state and federal regulations. Recent concerns over urbanization and population growth, increased climate variability, and advancements in state and federal regulations, including new groundwater withdrawal limitations, have provided an inducement for growers to adopt efficient and innovative practices. Information in support of the overarching issues and projected outcomes are discussed within.

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A simulation study on the effect of climate change on crop water use and chill unit accumulation

South African Journal of Science ◽

10.17159/sajs.2017/20160119 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 113 (7/8) ◽

Author(s):

Abiodun A. Ogundeji ◽

Henry Jordaan

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Resources ◽

Water Use ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Future Climate ◽

Crop Water ◽

Crop Water Use ◽

Chill Unit ◽

The Future ◽

The Impact

Climate change and its impact on already scarce water resources are of global importance, but even more so for water scarce countries. Apart from the effect of climate change on water supply, the chill unit requirement of deciduous fruit crops is also expected to be affected. Although research on crop water use has been undertaken, researchers have not taken the future climate into consideration. They also have focused on increasing temperatures but failed to relate temperature to chill unit accumulation, especially in South Africa. With a view of helping farmers to adapt to climate change, in this study we provide information that will assist farmers in their decision-making process for adaptation and in the selection of appropriate cultivars of deciduous fruits. Crop water use and chill unit requirements are modelled for the present and future climate. Results show that, irrespective of the irrigation system employed, climate change has led to increases in crop water use. Water use with the drip irrigation system was lower than with sprinkler irrigation as a result of efficiency differences in the irrigation technologies. It was also confirmed that the accumulated chill units will decrease in the future as a consequence of climate change. In order to remain in production, farmers need to adapt to climate change stress by putting in place water resources and crop management plans. Thus, producers must be furnished with a variety of adaptation or management strategies to overcome the impact of climate change.

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ANALISIS KERENTANAN SISTEM IRIGASI AKIBAT PERUBAHAN IKLIM DENGAN TOLOK UKUR INDEKS KELENTINGAN DI EMPAT DAERAH IRIGASI WILAYAH DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI BRANTAS

Jurnal Agritech ◽

10.22146/agritech.11202 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 413

Author(s):

Wahyuni Setyo Lestari ◽

Didik Suprayogo ◽

Sugeng Prijono

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Variability ◽

Water Availability ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Management Policy ◽

System Management ◽

Irrigation Area ◽

K Factor ◽

Resilience Index ◽

Irrigation System Management

Climate change which mainly affected by the increase of climate variability from time to time is highly impacted to the vulnerability of irrigation system, in a way that by the increase of water demand can not be fulfilled by water availability (the decrease of capacity). While, basic measure of conducting irrigation system management currently is solely based on comparison value between demand and irrigation water availability (K-factor) without considering the increase of climate variability. Resilience Index (Ik) as one of basic measures in water resource management can be used as a limitation in irrigation system operational management. The results of the study show that Molek, Jatikulon, Menturus and Konto irrigation areas (DI) are impacted by climate change with different scales of resilience. The resilience index of 100% for Molek Irrigation area, 80% for Jatikulon irrigation area, 50% for Menturus irrigation area, and 33% for Konto irrigation area. Climate change is predicted causing the decrease of harvested area, in such a way that in the condition of El Niño around 48% in Konto Irrigation Area, 34% in the Menturus Irrigation Area, 28% at the Jatikulon Irrigation Area, and 15% in the Molek Irrigation areas. Nevertheless, in the La-Nina condition, there was no the increase of harvested area in the entire of irrigation area studied, even, there was a decreased of harvested area of 28% in Konto irrigation area, and 6% in Menturus irrigation area. The most powerful threat toward irrigation system sustainability is the environment, followed by physical, social, and economic aspects respectively. The results of this study implicate to the imprevement of irrigation management policy, namely to the operational pattern of irrigation system, which use resilience index (Ik) as basic measure of irrigation system management out of the K-factor.

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Inter Linkages of Water, Climate, and Agriculture

Environmental and Agricultural Informatics ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-9621-9.ch057 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1258-1286

Author(s):

Sunil Londhe

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Resources ◽

Water Availability ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Great Depth ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

The Future ◽

Primary Determinant ◽

Food Security And Nutrition ◽

Earth’S Climate

Climate is the primary determinant of agricultural productivity and evidence shows possibility of shifts in earth's climate. Concern over the potential effects of long-term climatic change on agriculture has been raised over the past decade. Change in the climatic conditions on the globe created threat to the availability water for agriculture production. The present chapter is an attempt to distil what is known about the likely effects of climate change on water availability to agriculture for food security and nutrition in coming decades. Apart from few exceptions, the likely impacts of climate change on agriculture water resources in the future are not understood in any great depth. There are many uncertainties as to how changes in various environmental parameters will interact with the availability of water and further agriculture production. The future consequences of water resources on agriculture are discussed and summarized. Possible mitigation and adaptations to changing water availability for agriculture are also discusses.

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Towards Sustainable Water Processes

LUMAT International Journal on Math Science and Technology Education ◽

10.31129/lumat.v1i4.1094 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 363-366

Author(s):

Ilkka Pollari

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Population Growth ◽

Human Impact ◽

Fresh Water ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Water Availability ◽

Regional Differences ◽

Clean Water ◽

Global Demand ◽

The Future

Megatrends of population growth, urbanization and global warming are making it more and more difficult to find clean water for our needs. Global demand for fresh water grows at 2-3%/year while availability of fresh water has not been increasing. Regional differences in the growth rates are big. The main sustainability objective in water processes is balancing the demand – supply equation. Human impact on the atmosphere seems to aggravate the water availability problem. Over two thirds of global fresh water need is for agriculture. Current practices and technologies in managing water streams are not enough in the future.

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Food Insecurity, Population Growth, Urbanization and Water Availability: The Role of Government Stability

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su132212336 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (22) ◽

pp. 12336

Author(s):

Shazia Kousar ◽

Farhan Ahmed ◽

Amber Pervaiz ◽

Štefan Bojnec

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Population Growth ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Water Availability ◽

Political Stability ◽

Series Data ◽

Long Run ◽

Short Run ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

To examine the impact of population growth, urbanization and water availability on food insecurity, this study utilized time series data for the period of 1990–2019, from World Development Indicators (WDI), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and World Bank. The study applied an Auto-regressive distributive lag (ARDL) co-integration approach to test the hypothesized relationships among modeled variables. The study found a negative and significant association of water resources and agriculture research with food insecurity while urbanization and population growth has a significant and positive impact on food insecurity in the short-run as well as in the long-run period. Moreover, the study found that political stability has a negative and significant association with food insecurity in the short-run and long-run periods. Results also indicated that political stability significantly strengthens the relationship of water resources, and agriculture research with food insecurity while political stability weakens the relationship of urbanization and food insecurity significantly.

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Climate Change Impact on Water Resources in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia

Water ◽

10.3390/w10111560 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1560 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Meron Taye ◽

Ellen Dyer ◽

Feyera Hirpa ◽

Katrina Charles

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Resources ◽

Water Availability ◽

Climate Models ◽

Potential Evapotranspiration ◽

Water Security ◽

Baseline Period ◽

Coupled Models ◽

The Future ◽

The Difference

Rapid growth of agriculture, industries and urbanization within the Awash basin, Ethiopia, as well as population growth is placing increasing demands on the basin’s water resources. In a basin known for high climate variability involving droughts and floods, climate change will likely intensify the existing challenges. To quantify the potential impact of climate change on water availability of the Awash basin in different seasons we have used three climate models from Coupled Models Inter-comparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) and for three future periods (2006–2030, 2031–2055, and 2056–2080). The models were selected based on their performance in capturing historical precipitation characteristics. The baseline period used for comparison is 1981–2005. The future water availability was estimated as the difference between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration projections using the representative concentration pathway (RCP8.5) emission scenarios after the climate change signals from the climate models are transferred to the observed data. The projections for the future three periods show an increase in water deficiency in all seasons and for parts of the basin, due to a projected increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation. This decrease in water availability will increase water stress in the basin, further threatening water security for different sectors, which are currently increasing their investments in the basin such as irrigation. This calls for an enhanced water management strategy that is inclusive of all sectors that considers the equity for different users.

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Projecting The Impact of Human Activities And Climate Change On Water Resources In The Transboundary Sre Pok River Basin

10.21203/rs.3.rs-881246/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pragya Pradhan ◽

Trang Thi Huyen Pham ◽

Sangam Shrestha ◽

Loc Ho ◽

Edward Park

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Resources ◽

River Basin ◽

Water Availability ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Human Activities ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

Hydropower Generation ◽

Drought Conditions ◽

The Future

Abstract This study aims to project the compound impacts of climate change and human activities, including agriculture expansion and hydropower generation, on the future water availability in the Sre Pok River Basin. The five regional climate models (RCMs): ACESS, REMO2009, MPI, NorESM, CNRM were selected for the future climate projection under two scenarios i.e., RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. Our results reveal that the future annual rainfall is expected to decrease by 200 mm whereas the average temperature is expected to increase by 0.69°C to 4.16°C under future scenarios. The future water availability of Sre Pok River Basin was projected using soil and water assessment tool (SWAT). Next, the CROPWAT model was used to examine the irrigation water requirement and the HEC-ResSim model to simulate the hydropower generation of Buon Tuar Sarh reservoir. The future simulation indicates the decrease in future water availability, increasing demand for irrigation water and decreases in hydropower generation for the future periods. The irrigated areas are increases from 700 ha to 1500 ha as per the provincial development plan. This study also examines the present and future drought conditions of Sre Pok River via streamflow drought index (SDI). Our results expect to contribute toward supporting the planning and management of water resources for agriculture and to efficiently cope with drought conditions in the studied basin and beyond.

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Inter Linkages of Water, Climate, and Agriculture

Reconsidering the Impact of Climate Change on Global Water Supply, Use, and Management - Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-1046-8.ch010 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 166-194

Author(s):

Sunil Londhe

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Resources ◽

Water Availability ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Great Depth ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

The Future ◽

Primary Determinant ◽

Food Security And Nutrition ◽

Earth’S Climate

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KELAYAKAN DISTRIBUSI DAN KETERSEDIAAN AIR BERSIH DI DESA MOJO KECAMATAN PADANG KABUPATEN LUMAJANG

JURNAL AGROTEKNOLOGI ◽

10.19184/j-agt.v12i1.7884 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (01) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Mochtar Nova Mulyadi ◽

Elida Novita ◽

N. Nurhayati

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Water Balance ◽

Population Growth ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Water Availability ◽

Residential Area ◽

Dry Season ◽

Clean Water ◽

The Government

The limitation to get clean water causes the community to utilize the existing water resources. One of the villages needs clean water during the dry season in Mojo Village Padang District, Regency Lumajang. The need for clean water was increasing as the population growth. The population of the Mojo Village was 3,901 people. The needs of clean water were supplied from Jirun wellspring. The Jirun wellspring was located 20 meters lower than a residential area. The government of Lumajang Regency installed a hydrant pump to solve the problem for distributing the clean water from Jirun wellspring to the residential area. The flow rate of Jirun wellspring reached 22.91 l/s. The index of clean water criticality was 3.44% namely “uncritical” that indicated Mojo Village was abundant water availability. Keywords: dongki pump, water balance

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NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE FUNCTION OF SUSTAINABLE WATER USE

Contemporary Materials ◽

10.7251/comen2002102s ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Svetlana Stevović ◽

Žarko Nestorović ◽

Neđo Đurić

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Water Resources ◽

Fresh Water ◽

Water Availability ◽

Human Society ◽

Sustainable Utilization ◽

Water Delivery ◽

The Future ◽

Nanotechnology Development ◽

Water Resources Utilization

Nanotechnology, as contemporary field of research in forming of materials and devices on the level of molecule and atoms, is founding broad utilization in different scientific and engineering domains. The influence of nanotechnology on the development of contemporary human society has got a significant potential in domains as economy, environment protection, health and improvement of the quality of life. The need for fresh water as a necessary resource for living world, as well as the economic activity on the level of humanity is growing in the conditions of increasing population, increasing economic activities and increasing pollution. In that sense the conventional methods for water treatment may become ineffective for providing sustainable utilization of water resources in the future. Nanotechnology as a contemporary scientific and engineering field is considered efficient and potentially, the only solution for sustainable utilization of fresh water in the future. The efforts in nanotechnology utilization for sustainability of fresh water resources mean comprehensive approach and clarity in defining goals as well as the ways for their realization. The basic expectations of nanotechnology in the sense of fresh water resources utilization are directed to enhancement of fresh water availability, increase of efficiency of fresh water delivery and enabling next generation systems for fresh water quality monitoring. The increase of fresh water availability by nanotechnology means development of filtering systems and development of membrane systems, inverse osmosis for water desalinization and catalysts for water treatment. Efficiency of fresh water delivery based on nanotechnology means reducing energy necessary for its transportation, developing system of pipes and components which are easier, stronger and which will last longer as well as to provide cheap materials which improve energy efficiency for heating and cooling. All these processes for nanotechnology development aiming to provide sustainable fresh water resources utilization require significant efforts on scientific and engineering level in order to be utilized in everyday life. This paper aims to research the state of the art of nanotechnology development in the domain of sustainable utilization of fresh water resources.

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