scholarly journals Experience of world academic science as a landmark of medical science development in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
N.V. Medvedovska ◽  
O.G. Shekera ◽  
A.M. Nagorna ◽  
Ye.M. Anisimov
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Academic Science ◽  
National Interests ◽  
The World ◽  
Effective Organization

Background. The previous millennium was marked by the rapid development of scientific and technological progress, the widespread implementation of the results of scientific research. The purpose of our work was a retrospective study of global approaches and historical preconditions for the formation of academic science in different countries, the experience of effective organization of scientific research to develop proposals for its improvement, taking into account the peculiarities of medical academic science in Ukraine. Materials and methods. In the course of the research the methods of semantic analysis of scientific documents, methods of structural-logical analysis, content analysis were used. Results. Historical and modern aspects of academic science formation in different countries of the world were analyzed. Particular attention was paid to the peculiarities of the development of medical academic science with the assessment of the most effective systems of its organization. In Ukraine, national interests require immediate and effective measures aimed at preserving and effectively using existing scientific potential. Specific mechanisms for ensuring proper scientific substantiation of the formation and implementation of state policy in all spheres of public life need to be identified. Conclusions. Improving the system of organization of medical academic science in Ukraine should take into account the results of the emergence and development of academic science, both in Ukraine and in developed countries. The results of the study of international experience testified to the historical expediency and effectiveness of the development of academic medical science. Funding for medical science, which has become a cornerstone of transformation, must be differentiated, this is the mixed model is the most common in the world-basic funding using public funds with the possibility of grant support on a competitive basis. Such a mechanism for the efficient use of public resources will create conditions for stimulating priority and innovative research.

Periodization of the history of the world and Russian homeopathic medicine

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-139
Author(s):  
Alexander Zinovievich Likhtshangof
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Homeopathic Medicine ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

During the last two centuries homeopathy is a part of Russian medicine in whole, that’s why its development must be studied by historical medical science. There are following main stages in the development and dissemination of homeopathic medicine in Russia: 1) 1820ies-1860ies: penetration of homeopathic ideas into Russia - since the first physicians who practiced homeopathy in treatment up to organization of the first homeopathic societies and journals; 2) the end of 1860ies-1918: this stage was characterized by strengthening of homeopathy positions in Russia - since the organization of the first homeopathic societies and journals up to radical political changes in Russia which influenced on the government attitude to homeopathic medicine; 3) 1918 - second half of 1980ies - these years were a severe time for homeopathy, when it was nearly underground; 4) since the end of the 1980ies till nowadays - this period is characterized by rapid development of homeopathic medicine, including its recognition by physicians and people. The same four stages (start, spreading, decline and renaissance) can be seen in the history of homeopathy in the most developed countries as well.

FUNDING OF MEDICAL SCIENCE IN RUSSIA WITHIN AS PART OF STATE PROGRAMS

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
�������� ◽  
Elena Nefedova ◽  
������ ◽  
Vladimir Perkhov ◽  
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...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Federal Budget ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Academic Science ◽  
Coherent System ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
State Programs ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The aim of the research was to reveal main problems associated with the use of state programs funding mechanisms for basic research in health (medical) sciences in Russia, as main instruments of state policy. The source of information were �State Academies of Sciences Program of basic investigations for the period of 2013�2020 years� and other normative and legal acts in the sphere of planning and public financing of science and research. A study completed by using documentary, analytical methods, as well as methods of descriptive statistics and expert estimates. In analyzing financing from the federal budget for scientific research for civilian use within government programs calculations section, subsection of the budget classification, reflecting expenditure on scientific research (0110, 0112, 0208, 0313, 0403, 0411, 0504, 0604, 0708, 0803, 0908, 1005, 1104, 1203). Feature of the current situation is in an indeterminate state basic science after the liquidation of the Russian Academy of Sciences as a structure that generates through subordinate organizations the bulk of new knowledge and innovation in the country. Reform of the Russian Academy of Sciences led to the destruction of a coherent system of relations in science, to the Federal agency of scientific organizations for management of resources, Ministry of Education and Science and Russian academy of Sciences. Strict rationality and bureaucracy was extremely negatively perceived in academic science. The analysis of the subject structure of the medical unit actualized in 2015 of the Program of basic research of the state academies of sciences for the period of 2013�2020 showed that the distribution of the federal budget for basic research are not consistent with the priorities in the health sector, it does not account for changes in departmental affiliation Organizations of Medical Sciences. The authors prove the necessity of functional and managerial integration of academic medical institutions in the unified system of scientific research, creation and implementation of medical innovations into practical health care.

scholarly journals Content and Functional Purpose of the Duty in Modern Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Halyna B. Pohrishchuk ◽  
Ruslan Ye. Voloshchuk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Trade Organisation ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
National Interests ◽  
The World ◽  
Foreign Trade Activity ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Functional Purpose

The duty as a source of budget formation and a regulator of foreign trade activity contributes to improving the macroeconomic situation and the state's entry into the international trade community. Therefore, the study of the essence and functional purpose of the duty becomes particularly relevant since it makes it possible to increase the efficiency of its functioning in modern conditions. The purpose of the study is to consider the tax and foreign trade nature of the duty, establish its essence and specific characteristics, identify the main functions and substantiate changes in the roles of duty functions in modern conditions. The specifics of the scientific tasks that make up the subject of research required the use of a set of special methods (general scientific and private scientific, theoretical and empirical), the use of which helped identifying the content of the duty, consider its functional purpose and establish the reasons for the weakening of the role of duty functions in different countries of the world. In the course of the study, two approaches to the interpretation of the essence of duty were established: as a tax and as a specific foreign trade payment. The author's definition of the duty was proposed and its main essential characteristics were clarified. It has been established that there are no unified approaches to the definition of duty functions in the scientific literature, and only two main ones (fiscal and regulatory) are substantiated. It was also covered that due to the entry of most countries into the World Trade Organisation and the establishment of restrictions on the growth of customs rates, the regulatory function of the duty is weakening. It was established that in developed countries, due to international restrictions on the application of custom rates, the role of the fiscal function of duty has decreased. It was determined that in less developed countries, in conditions of limited budget revenue sources, the fiscal function of duty continues to be the main one. The practical value of the study lies in the fact that clarifying the content and functions of duty in modern conditions makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of customs tariff regulation to protect national interests during the intensification of international integration processes

scholarly journals "ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN URBAN SLUMS" (WITH REFERENCE TO KHANDWA CITY)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (9SE) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sushila Gaikwad
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Almost All

Presently, the environment and environment that surrounds us is called Pariran. The balance of all the components in the environment is necessary in a certain proportion, but due to man's desire for rapid development and tampering with nature, this balance is slowly ending.The ever-increasing population on Earth is becoming a major cause of concern in the world today, as population growth has affected almost all countries in some way and has hindered their progress. The pressure of population is not much in the developed countries, but the situation is very pathetic in the developing and underdeveloped countries. This rate of population growth is worrying, because despite the continuous growth, most of our population is living low standard of living. Notwithstanding the unprecedented increase in food production, nutrition is not available to all. The situation is getting pathetic. Resources are running out, there is energy crisis, shortage of drinking water and environment is polluted. Due to increasing population, deforestation of forests, unnecessary exploitation of ground water, proliferation of residential colonies, lack of energy, etc. have created problems. वर्तमान में हम जिस वातावरण एवं परिवेष द्वारा चारों ओर से घिरे है उसे पर्यारण कहते है। पर्यावरण में सभी घटकों का निष्चित अनुपात में संतुलन आवष्यक है, किन्तु मनुष्य की तीव्र विकास की अभिलाषा एवं प्रकृति के साथ छेड़छाड़ के कारण यह संतुलन धीरे-धीरे समाप्त हो रहा है। पृथ्वी पर निरंतर बढ़ती जनसंख्या आज विष्व में चिंता का प्रमुख कारण बन रही है, क्योंकि जनसंख्या वृद्धि ने लगभग सभी देषों को किसी न किसी प्रकार से प्रभावित किया है और उनकी प्रगति में बाधाएं उत्पन्न की है। जनसंख्या का दबाव विकसित देषों में तो कुछ अधिक नहीं है, किंतु विकासषील व अविकसित देषों में स्थिति बहुत अधिक दयनीय है। जनसंख्या वृद्धि की यह दर चिंताजनक है, क्योंकि निरंतर विकास के बावजूद भी हमारी अधिकांष जनसंख्या निम्न जीवन स्तर जी रही है। खाद्यान उत्पादन में अपूर्व वृद्धि के बावजूद सभी को पोषक उपलब्ध नहीं है। अधिक स्थिति दयनीय हो रही है। संसाधन समाप्त हो रहे है, ऊर्जा का संकट है, पेयजल की कमी और पर्यावरण प्रदुषित है। बढ़ती जनसंख्या के कारण वनों का विनाष भूमिगत जल का अनावष्यक दोहन, आवासीय काॅलोनियों का प्रसार, ऊर्जा की कमी आदि समस्याएँ उत्पन्न हो गई है।

Tax Advice

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Traian Ovidiu Calotă ◽  
Mihaela Ristache ◽  
Alin Eliodor Tănase
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Online Business ◽  
The Impact

This chapter investigates the impact of taxation on the online business environment in Romania. In the last 30 to 35 years, the world economy has been marked by a rapid development of the services sector, especially in economically-developed countries, with the degree of internationalization being a major feature of no doubt. The contribution of tax consultancy to the development of the economy has been remarkable in most areas of activity. The results asserted the research hypothesis: Romanian firms' strategies were influenced by the phenomenon of corruption reported, in particular, to tax evasion. Governments around the world are trying to respond to growing budgetary pressures by trying to introduce measures to combat tax evasion. Among them is Romania, which has lately changed its legislation on identifying undeclared revenues to tax. Continuous improvement of the strategy to identify and develop new processes leads to increased performance, efficiency of skills, and harmonization of results.

Global trends of development of services in the post-industrial society

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Меружан Аветисян ◽  
Meruzhan Avetisyan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Post Industrial

The concept of post-industrial society represents a society in which the economy as a result of the technological revolution and significant income growth went from pre-emptive priority production of goods to production of services, has recently become even more relevant. For example, the World Bank experts, authors of the report "Industry of the future: a new era of global growth and innovation" argue that if a country has reached the average level of well-being, the share of services in GDP of the country begins to exceed the performance of industry and agriculture. Currently, as post-industrial countries are classified those countries in which the service sector accounts for well over half of GDP. Fall under this criterion, in the first place, the United States (the service sector accounts for 79.4% of US GDP), European Union (the service sector is 69.4% of the GDP of the EU countries), and all developed countries. A comparative analysis of the service sector in Russia shows that without a radical increase in the efficiency of the sector the transition of our country in the post-industrial stage of development is impossible. The post-industrial structure of the economy suggests that overall GDP of more than 50% is formed by the service sector. The rapid development of the service sector and the increase of its share in the gross national product are features of the country´s transition to a post-industrial stage of development. Only relatively recently came the understanding of the important role services can play in the process of integration into the global economy and the international division of labor. Overall condition of the Russian service sector shows that without a radical increase in the efficiency of this sector, to speak of Russia´s transition to a post-industrial stage of development is prematurely. Comparative analysis of the dependence of the well-being of the world from the share of services in countries’ GDP, revealed a number of interesting facts that have enabled the author to supplement, clarify and restate the conclusion of international experts as follows: the service sector in the GDP of the country begins to exceed the performance of industry and agriculture if the country embarked on the path of the main characteristics of the post-industrial society - the development of services. The welfare of the country, in this case does not matter. Moreover, at present the number of countries in which the service sector accounts for well over half of GDP, is growing rapidly.

The Architecture and Application of a New Type High Temperature Condensate Closed- Recovery System

2010 ◽  
Vol 439-440 ◽  
pp. 269-273
Author(s):  
Pei Jiang ◽  
Li Dong ◽  
Gao Li Yang
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
The Social ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
The World ◽  
New Type

With the progress of human society and the rapid development of economy, the world's energy shortages have become increasingly prominent and the energy-saving and environmental protection has gradually become the priority over the social and economic area. How to achieve the rational and efficient use of energy, and protect the natural environment have become an important issue that all countries in the world concerned and confronted with presently. As one emerging technology steam condensate recovery can not only greatly improve the energy efficiency but also realize the conservation of water resources has been widely used in some developed countries in recent years. And it has achieved considerable economic and environmental benefits.

scholarly journals The Role of International Standards in Improving the Quality of Enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1380-1388
Author(s):  
Kheyri Umudova, Leyla Yusifova, Konul Azizova
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Iso 9001 ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Main Requirement ◽  
The World

One of the main problems facing organizations that exist today is adapting to the conditions of market economy and to protect the position it has reached in the market. Recently, as the main result of the rapid development of science and technology the world economy put the high quality of produced products and offered services to enterprises as the main requirement. Therefore, entrepreneurs prefer the use of International Standards that have been tested successfully by many enterprises in many developed countries around the world. Compliance with these requirements will give the company the advantages of increasing image, profits, reducing production costs and losses, as well as access to the international market. High quality of the product, its competitiveness and very easy access to foreign markets are achieved by implementing the requirements of International standards such as ISO 9001, GOST P ISO 9001, EQS, GMP, HACCP, QS 9000, OHSAS 18001 etc.

An Overview of the Electric Vehicle Industry Development in the World

2013 ◽  
Vol 373-375 ◽  
pp. 2098-2103
Author(s):  
Ming Wu ◽  
Hui Gao ◽  
Liang Liang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environment Pollution ◽  
Industry Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Relevant Situation ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Energy Shortage

Due to the energy shortage and environment pollution, electric vehicle (EV) development has become more urgent. This paper first represented the EV technologies in the developed countries like Europe, USA, etc., and also explained the relevant situation in China. Secondly the paper introduced the EV standard research around the world. Finally, the EV industry development strategy and subsidy policies of those countries were summarized, which can promote the rapid development of the EV industry.

scholarly journals Internet-marketing as composition of the electronic commerce

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (86) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
M. Dorosh-Kizym ◽  
O. Dadak ◽  
T. Gachek
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Online Sales ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level

At the present stage of civilization, information plays a key role in the functioning of public, state institutions and in the life of each individual. The rapid development of modern information technologies plays an important role in various spheres of life, activates civil and business turnover and promotes the movement of entrepreneurship in the direction of globalization. In connection with the continuous development of information networks, there are new social institutions, such as e-commerce. At present, the leading economies of the world and highly developed countries demonstrate the rapid development of electronic trading mechanisms, moreover, information technologies are actively used in all sectors of the modern world the economy. Therefore, society gradually evolves, adapts to changes and goes to a noticeably high level of economic relations. And from that how fast the changes in mechanisms in the traditional form of trade depend the efficiency of introducing electronic technologies into the economy. The global e-commerce market is growing year by year. This is facilitated by the deeper penetration of the World Wide Web in different regions and the growth of online sales in the existing markets. The Internet network is an entire industry that quickly penetrates all areas of human activity. Right now, this industry is in a rapid growth phase. A huge number of companies around the world see the Internet a great commercial potential and the ability to move their business to a qualitatively new level. In most countries, e-commerce has become widespread and has opened up incredible opportunities for business and economic development. Annually, the global e-commerce market is growing. This is due to the fact that information technology is taking on an increasingly important role in the life of a modern person. Ukraine is trying to meet world progress, but in the development of e-commerce is far behind the others. Undoubtedly, in our country there are favorable preconditions for the development of e-commerce. At the same time, there are a number of factors that are serious problems for the domestic development of this type of business. In recent years, e-commerce has been able to penetrate practically all spheres of life of the population and in Ukraine. The domestic e-commerce market is only at the inception stage, but at the same time it has a significant potential for development. According to expert estimates, in the past 2017, the turnover of physical goods and services in e-commerce has increased by 30% and now makes at least UAH 50 billion. In 2018, the growth rate will continue and the turnover of physical goods and services in e-commerce will be about 65 billion USD.

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