scholarly journals Physics Learning Based on Practicum: Factors that Affecting Expansion

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Eduarsyah Eduarsyah ◽  
Devi Astriani .
Keyword(s):  
Expansion Coefficient ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Equilibrium Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Copper Block ◽  
Physics Learning ◽  
Volume Expansion Coefficient ◽  
Area And Volume

An object when heated will undergo expansion. Expansion of an object is affected by the expansion coefficient, temperature, and type of object substances that cause the length, area, and volume of the object and other objects differently. Based on these concepts, to investigate the comparative increase in the size of the object that is affected by factors that affect the expansion by heating the body until it reaches the equilibrium temperature. As the object under study will use a block of copper and water with each volume to be measured 10-5 m3 added volume ratio. With the initial temperature of each object 20 oC, both substances will be heated up to a temperature of 30oC, 35oC, 40oC, 45oC, dan 50oC. Both substances are then calculated and compared to the increase in volume experimentally and theoretically. After calculation, a score which indicates that the copper block and the water volume is different. Increase the volume of water is greater than the increase in the volume of copper block in each temperature increment. Both these substances are two different substances that have different volume expansion coefficient as well. So we get that expansion coefficient, temperature, and type of object substances have an affect on the expansion that occurs on an object.

Study of The Influence of Different Variables on Clathrate Practical Applications in Phenol Removal

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (9A) ◽  
pp. 1373-1383
Author(s):  
Riyadh S. AL- Mukhtar ◽  
Shurooq T. Remedhan ◽  
Marwa N. Hussin
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Constant Speed ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Phenol Removal ◽  
Process Performance ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Glass Cell

In this work, effluent wastewater treated by using cyclopentane-water Clathrate system to treat water contaminates with phenols at concentrations (300, 250, 200, 150, 100 and 50) ppm in order to investigate the capability of process performance. Clathrate or hydrate are strong crystal structures including water (host particles) and little particles (guest particles). The experiments were conducted at different cyclopentane-water volume ratios (1: 2 and 1: 4). The work was done in a 250 ml glass cell with an electric mixer at a constant speed of 280 cycles per minute. Phenol was highest removal percent at 300ppm at 1: 4volume ratio was (92.3%), while the lowest concentration at 50 ppm and 1: 2volume ratio was (55%). Yield and Enrich factor had the highest values at the lowest concentration 50ppm and 1:2 volume ratio were (85% and 2.42) respectively. The technique of the Clathrate proved that it has a high capacity in the separation and achieve high removal percentage compared to other methods at standard conditions when the pressure of 1 atmosphere and temperature higher than the degree of freezing water and less economic costs compared to other methods.

scholarly journals Digital 3D models of theropods for approaching body-mass distribution and volume

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matías Reolid ◽  
Francisco J. Cardenal ◽  
Jesús Reolid
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
3D Models ◽  
The Body ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Skull Length ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Fossil Bones ◽  
Primitive Forms

AbstractThe aim of this work is to obtain diverse morphometric data from digitized 3D models of scientifically accurate palaeoreconstructions of theropods from eight representative families. The analysed polyvinyl chloride (PVC) models belong to the genera Coelophysis, Dilophosaurus, Ceratosaurus, Allosaurus, Baryonyx, Carnotaurus, Giganotosaurus, and Tyrannosaurus. The scanned 3D models were scaled considering different body-size estimations of the literature. The 3D analysis of these genera provides information on the skull length and body length that allows for recognition of major evolutionary trends. The skull length/body length in the studied genera increases according with the size of the body from the smallest Coelophysis with a ratio of 0.093 to ratios of 0.119–0.120 for Tyrannosaurus and Giganotosaurus, the largest study theropods. The study of photogrammetric 3D models also provides morphometric information that cannot be obtained from the study of bones alone, but knowing that all reconstructions begin from the fossil bones, such as the surface/volume ratio (S/V). For the studied theropod genera surface/volume ratio ranges from 35.21 for Coelophysis to 5.55 for Tyrannosaurus. This parameter, closely related to the heat dissipation, help in the characterization of the metabolism of extinct taxa. Accordingly, slender primitive forms of the Early Jurassic (i.e. Coelophysis and Dilophosaurus) had relatively smaller skulls and higher mass-specific metabolic rates than the robust large theropods of the Cretaceous (i.e. Giganotosaurus and Tyrannosaurus). This work presents a technique that, when applied to proper dinosaur models, provides extent and accurate data that may help in diverse study areas within the dinosaur palaeontology and palaeobiology.

Effect of Synthesis Parameters on Size of the Biodegradable Poly (L-Lactide) (PLLA) Microspheres

2013 ◽  
Vol 858 ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Hawari ◽  
C.Y. Tham ◽  
Zuratul Ain Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Synthesis Parameters ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Biodegradable Poly ◽  
Evaporation Technique ◽  
Molecular Weight Variation ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this work, PLLA microspheres were prepared via emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Several synthesis parameters were studied to evaluate their effect on the size of PLLA microspheres. PLLA pallets before emulsion and PLLA microspheres surface chemistry after emulsion were determined using Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR). Results showed that PLLA pallets and microspheres FTIR obtained an identical spectrum. Microspheres size and surface morphology were determined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In conclusion, the parameters that significantly affect the size of PLLA microspheres were PLLA concentration, DCM to water volume ratio, PVA concentration and stirring speed. PVA molecular weight variation showed no significant change in microspheres size.

scholarly journals Hyaluronan and the Fascial Frontier

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6845
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Cell Behavior ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Extracellular Microenvironment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The buzz about hyaluronan (HA) is real. Whether found in face cream to increase water volume loss and viscoelasticity or injected into the knee to restore the properties of synovial fluid, the impact of HA can be recognized in many disciplines from dermatology to orthopedics. HA is the most abundant polysaccharide of the extracellular matrix of connective tissues. HA can impact cell behavior in specific ways by binding cellular HA receptors, which can influence signals that facilitate cell survival, proliferation, adhesion, as well as migration. Characteristics of HA, such as its abundance in a variety of tissues and its responsiveness to chemical, mechanical and hormonal modifications, has made HA an attractive molecule for a wide range of applications. Despite being discovered over 80 years ago, its properties within the world of fascia have only recently received attention. Our fascial system penetrates and envelopes all organs, muscles, bones and nerve fibers, providing the body with a functional structure and an environment that enables all bodily systems to operate in an integrated manner. Recognized interactions between cells and their HA-rich extracellular microenvironment support the importance of studying the relationship between HA and the body’s fascial system. From fasciacytes to chronic pain, this review aims to highlight the connections between HA and fascial health.

Dynamic Model of Rapeseed Oil Hydrolysis Reaction in Sub-Critical Water

2013 ◽  
Vol 860-863 ◽  
pp. 510-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhe Li ◽  
Hua Wang ◽  
Gui Rong Bao
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Reaction Order ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Hydrolysis Reaction ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Oil Hydrolysis

Experiments of Rapeseed Oil Hydrolysis Reaction in Sub-Critical Water (250-300°C, 5-60min) are Conducted in this Paper. Results Show that the Best Conditions for Rapeseed Oil Hydrolysis are Reaction Temperature 290°C, Oil-Water Volume Ratio 1:3, Reaction Time 40min, and Conversion Rate 98.9%. Meanwhile, Kinetic Analysis of this Hydrolysis Reaction is Presented. we Learn that Hydrolysis Reaction Order is 0.7778, Activation Energy is 55.34kJ/mol and the Dynamic Model is .

scholarly journals P-Cu alloy as anode materials for lithium ion batteries: a first-principles study

2021 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Zhaowen Huang ◽  
Benjing Chen ◽  
Jingyang Li ◽  
Lingzhi Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Expansion Coefficient ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Anode Materials ◽  
Formation Energy ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Lithium Intercalation ◽  
First Principle ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
Volume Expansion Coefficient

In this paper, based on the first principle method, the mechanism of lithium intercalation and deintercalation of P-Cu alloy as anode material of lithium-ion battery was studied. The results followed that the volume expansion coefficient of Li-P-Cu is small, 59.4650% for Li2PCu3 and 61.4071% for Li2P2Cu, indicating that the introduction of Cu can effectively inhibit the volume expansion of phosphorus. And PCu3 is superior to P2Cu in terms of volume expansion coefficient and lithium intercalation formation energy and good conductivity.

scholarly journals Single-input, multiple-output iterative algorithm for the calculation of volume, area, elevation, and shape using 3D topobathymetric models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Luis Rojas-Villalobos ◽  
Blair Stringam ◽  
Zohrab Samani ◽  
Luis Carlos Alatorre Cejudo ◽  
Christopher Brown
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Terrain Models ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Single Input ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Area And Volume

Most methods for estimating the morphometric values of water bodies use equations derived from hypsographic curves or digital terrain models (DTMs) that relate depth, volume (V), and area (A) and that model the uncertainty inherent in the complex underwater morphology. This research focuses directly on the use of topobathymetric models that include the bathymetry and topography of the surrounding area next to the water body. The projection of the water surface height (H) on each DTM pixel generates a water column with intrinsic attributes such as volume and area. The process is replicated among all cells and estimates the total area and volume of the water body. If the V or A is the input data, an algorithm that iterates height values is used to generate the new data, which is compared with the entered value that functions as a reference. If the difference between the reference value and the calculated value is less than an error threshold, the iteration stops, and the maximum and average depths are calculated. The raster and the shape that represent the body of water are created. The cross comparison of H-V-A showed that there is an error between 0.0034% and 0.000039% when any of the parameters are used as input data. Performance tests determined that pixel dimensions are directly proportional to the processing time for each iteration. The results of the implementation of this algorithm were satisfactory since, for the DTM of Bustillos Lagoon, Chihuahua, Mexico, the simulation took less than 17 seconds in at most 22 iterations.

Stability of the PEG Fatty Acid Glycerides Based O/W Emulsions

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-277
Author(s):  
Zihan Wang ◽  
Liangliang Lin ◽  
Hujun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Droplet Size ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Rotational Rheometer ◽  
Emulsion Systems ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Emulsifier Concentration

Abstract In the present work, oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion systems were prepared by using the PEG-7 lauric acid glycerides as the emulsifiers and the liquid paraffin as the oil phase. The influence of processing parameters such as emulsification temperature, stirring speed, emulsifier concentration, oil-water volume ratio and polymer addition on the stability of the emulsion systems was investigated. In order to determine the optimal conditions for the preparation of the emulsion systems based on PEG-7 lauric acid glycerides, a laser drop size analyser and a rotational rheometer were used. As the stability of the O/W emulsion systems increased, the average droplet size of the O/W emulsions measured by the laser droplet size analyser became smaller and the viscosity, storage modulus and loss modulus of the O/W emulsions measured by the rotational rheometer became larger. The following optimal conditions were determined in this study: emulsification temperature 80°C, stirring speed 500 r/min, emulsifier concentration 5 wt%, oil-water volume ratio 1:1 and added amount of xanthan gum 0.2 wt%. The droplet morphology of the O/W emulsion prepared under the optimal conditions, which was characterised by a super high magnification microscope, is small. Furthermore, the long-term stability of the emulsion system prepared under the optimal conditions was investigated over a period of time (4 weeks). The O/W emulsion proves to be well stable even after 4 weeks, with a water separation rate of 0%.

Modeling of the energy of a smelt-water explosion in the recovery boiler dissolving tank

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIC JIN ◽  
MALCOLM MACKENZIE ◽  
STEVE OSBORNE ◽  
HONGHI TRAN
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermodynamic Model ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Explosion Energy ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Green Liquor ◽  
Distribution Water ◽  
Energy Converting

The explosion energy generated as molten smelt droplets interact with water was evaluated as a function of smelt distribution, water temperature, and smelt temperature using a thermodynamic model. The results show that increasing smelt-to-water volume ratio and water temperature significantly increases the explosion energy, converting a larger proportion of the thermal energy of smelt into mechanical work. To reduce the chance of violent smelt-water explosions, it is important to: i) optimize the shatter jet design and operation to uniformly distribute the smelt over a large area in the dissolving tank; ii) avoid high green liquor temperature and ensure adequate liquor mixing; and iii) avoid upsets that may cause heavy smelt runoff or jellyroll smelt.

scholarly journals Potential Toxicity of Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles: A Review

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 3159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nemi Malhotra ◽  
Jiann-Shing Lee ◽  
Rhenz Alfred D. Liman ◽  
Johnsy Margotte S. Ruallo ◽  
Oliver B. Villaflores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles

The noteworthy intensification in the development of nanotechnology has led to the development of various types of nanoparticles. The diverse applications of these nanoparticles make them desirable candidate for areas such as drug delivery, coasmetics, medicine, electronics, and contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and so on. Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles are a branch of nanoparticles which is specifically being considered as a contrast agent for MRI as well as targeted drug delivery vehicles, angiogenic therapy and chemotherapy as small size gives them advantage to travel intravascular or intracavity actively for drug delivery. Besides the mentioned advantages, the toxicity of the iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles is still less explored. For in vivo applications magnetic nanoparticles should be nontoxic and compatible with the body fluids. These particles tend to degrade in the body hence there is a need to understand the toxicity of the particles as whole and degraded products interacting within the body. Some nanoparticles have demonstrated toxic effects such inflammation, ulceration, and decreases in growth rate, decline in viability and triggering of neurobehavioral alterations in plants and cell lines as well as in animal models. The cause of nanoparticles’ toxicity is attributed to their specific characteristics of great surface to volume ratio, chemical composition, size, and dosage, retention in body, immunogenicity, organ specific toxicity, breakdown and elimination from the body. In the current review paper, we aim to sum up the current knowledge on the toxic effects of different magnetic nanoparticles on cell lines, marine organisms and rodents. We believe that the comprehensive data can provide significant study parameters and recent developments in the field. Thereafter, collecting profound knowledge on the background of the subject matter, will contribute to drive research in this field in a new sustainable direction.

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