scholarly journals In vitro examination of oral tissue conditioners potential toxicity

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nebojsa Krunic ◽  
Ljubisa Nikolic ◽  
Milena Kostic ◽  
Stevo Najman ◽  
Vesna Nikolic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Materials ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Healthy State ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Oral Tissue ◽  
Extraction Period ◽  
Purple Formazan

The oral tissue conditioners are applied temporarily to the gingival surface of a denture for the purpose of reconditioning the abused denture supporting tissues, allowing them to return to a normal, healthy state. According to chemical composition they can be classified into methacrylic and silicon conditioners. The objective of this research was to examine the potential toxicity of one, seven and thirty day extracts of different concentrations. Different effective concentrations (5, 12.5, 25 and 50%) of two silicone and four methacrylic conditioners extracts were used after extraction period of one, seven and thirty days. Amount of toxic substances and dynamics of their release were monitored by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). HPLC analysis could not be applied to the silicone conditioners because they consist of polymeric and inorganic 19 substances. Evaluation of cell proliferation, as cytotoxic parameters, was done by Mosmann?s MTT assay based on reduction of yellow tetrazole (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide - MTT) to purple formazan by mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase of metabolic active cells. With increasing of extraction period, the amount of released potential toxic substances increased. The cytotoxicity of tested materials significantly increased with extract concentration increase and duration of extraction period. To improve the biological characteristics of mobile dentures relined by soft materials, soaking in water the day before insertion into patient?s mouth was recommended. Silicone conditioners showed less cytotoxicity compared to the methacrylic conditioners, so they are more appropriate for daily dental practice.

scholarly journals Graphene and Reproduction: A Love-Hate Relationship

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Marina Ramal-Sanchez ◽  
Antonella Fontana ◽  
Luca Valbonetti ◽  
Alessandra Ordinelli ◽  
Nicola Bernabò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Scientometric Analysis ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
The Individual

Since its discovery, graphene and its multiple derivatives have been extensively used in many fields and with different applications, even in biomedicine. Numerous efforts have been made to elucidate the potential toxicity derived from their use, giving rise to an adequate number of publications with varied results. On this basis, the study of the reproductive function constitutes a good tool to evaluate not only the toxic effects derived from the use of these materials directly on the individual, but also the potential toxicity passed on to the offspring. By providing a detailed scientometric analysis, the present review provides an updated overview gathering all the research studies focused on the use of graphene and graphene-based materials in the reproductive field, highlighting the consequences and effects reported to date from experiments performed in vivo and in vitro and in different animal species (from Archea to mammals). Special attention is given to the oxidized form of graphene, graphene oxide, which has been recently investigated for its ability to increase the in vitro fertilization outcomes. Thus, the potential use of graphene oxide against infertility is hypothesized here, probably by engineering the spermatozoa and thus manipulating them in a safer and more efficient way.

scholarly journals In vitro cytotoxicity of Aspilia pluriseta Schweinf. extract fractions

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sospeter N. Njeru ◽  
Jackson M. Muema
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Information Gap ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract Objectives We and others have shown that Aspilia pluriseta is associated with various biological activities. However, there is a lack of information on its cytotoxicity. This has created an information gap about the safety of A. pluriseta extracts. As an extension to our recent publication on the antimicrobial activity and the phytochemical characterization of A. pluriseta root extracts, here we report on cytotoxicity of tested solvent fractions. We evaluated the potential cytotoxicity of these root extract fractions on Vero cell lines by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results We show that all solvent extract fractions (except methanolic solvent fractions) had cytotoxic concentration values that killed 50% of the Vero cells (CC50) greater than 20 µg/mL and selectivity index (SI) greater than 1.0. Taken together, we demonstrate that, A. pluriseta extract fractions’ earlier reported bioactivities are within the acceptable cytotoxicity and selective index limits. This finding scientifically validates the potential use of A. pluriseta in the discovery of safe therapeutics agents.

scholarly journals Surface Properties and Biocompatibility of Anodized Titanium with a Potential Pretreatment for Biomedical Applications

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1090
Author(s):  
Bai-Hung Huang ◽  
Yi-Jung Lu ◽  
Wen-Chien Lan ◽  
Muhammad Ruslin ◽  
Hung-Yang Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Structure ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Osteoblast Cells ◽  
In Vitro Biocompatibility ◽  
Porous Ti ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Anodized Titanium

The effects of anodized titanium (Ti) with a potential hydrogen fluoride (HF) acid pretreatment through cathodization on the formation of nano-porous Ti dioxide (TiO2) layer were characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, grazing incidence X-ray diffractometer, and contact angle goniometer. The biocompatibility was determined by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. Analytical results found that a well-aligned nano-porous structure was formed on the anodized Ti surface with HF pretreatment concentration above 0.5%. Microstructure of the nano-porous Ti dioxide surface generated by anodization with HF pretreatment was composed of anatase and rutile phases, while the anodized Ti sample with HF pretreatment concentration of 0.5% presented excellent hydrophilicity surface. An in-vitro biocompatibility also indicated that osteoblast cells grown on the surface of the anodized Ti sample with HF pretreatment increased with the increase of culture time. The filopodia of osteoblast cells not only adhered flat, but also tightly grabbed the nano-porous structure for promoting cell adhesion and proliferation. Therefore, the anodized Ti with HF pretreatment can form a functionalized surface with great biocompatibility for biomedical applications, particularly for dental implants.

scholarly journals Perfluorocarbon Liquid: Its Application in Vitreoretinal Surgery and Related Ocular Inflammation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Yu ◽  
Kun Liu ◽  
Li Su ◽  
Xin Xia ◽  
Xun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Vitreoretinal Surgery ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Intraocular Lenses ◽  
Perfluorocarbon Liquid ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Perfluorocarbon Liquids

The application of perfluorocarbon liquids has been well acclaimed in vitreoretinal surgery. Its unique physical properties make it an ideal intraoperative tool to improve the efficiency and safety of surgical procedures in complicated cases. The main functions of perfluorocarbon liquids in vitreoretinal surgery include relocating and fixing the detached retina, displacing the subretinal and subchoroidal to fluid anteriorly, revealing proliferative vitreous retinopathy (PVR) for further maneuvers, protecting the macula from exposure to chemicals with potential toxicity, and assisting the removal of foreign body. The related clinical applications include retinal detachment with severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy, giant tear, diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and posterior dislocated crystalline and intraocular lenses. The application of perfluorocarbon liquids has been expended over the past fewer years. Several PFCLs related ocular inflammations have been observed inin vitrostudies, animal studies, and clinical follow-up. The complete removal of PFCLs is recommended at the end of the surgery in most cases.

scholarly journals IN VITRO CYTOTOXIC AND APOPTOTIC EFFECT OF PASSIFLORA FOETIDA AGAINST CERVICAL CANCER CELLS AND ITS FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED PROFILING

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Dheeban Shankar ◽  
Basker S ◽  
Karthik S
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Cervical Cancer Cells ◽  
Apoptotic Effect ◽  
Passiflora Foetida ◽  
Dose Dependent

  Objective: This study was aimed on the analysis of cytotoxic and apoptotic action of Passiflora foetida followed by identification of the functional groups responsible for the activity.Methods: In this study, cytotoxic and apoptotic effect of methanol extract of P. foetida were analyzed by treating HeLa cell line cultures with different concentrations of the extract (25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 μg/ml), and thereby the activity was ratified by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and propidium iodide staining. The functional groups of the bioactive compounds for the effectiveness of the treatment were known by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR).Results: The cytotoxic activity was found to be increased in a dose-dependent manner with inhibitory concentration value of 21.55 μg/ml and showed an effective apoptosis. Further, FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, phenols and cardiac glycosides which might be responsible for the aforesaid activity.Conclusion: The cytotoxic and apoptotic action of P. foetida was proved to be very effective, and the tenable functional groups were identified.

scholarly journals AOA-2 Derivatives as Outer Membrane Protein A Inhibitors for Treatment of Gram-Negative Bacilli Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Ayerbe-Algaba ◽  
Nuria Bayó ◽  
Ester Verdú ◽  
Raquel Parra-Millán ◽  
Jesús Seco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein A ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Lung Epithelial Cells ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cyclic Hexapeptide ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Peptide Derivatives

Previously, we identified that a cyclic hexapeptide AOA-2 inhibited the interaction of Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) like Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli to host cells thereby preventing the development of infection in vitro and in a murine sepsis peritoneal model. In this work, we aimed to evaluate in vitro a library of AOA-2 derivatives in order to improve the effect of AOA-2 against GNB infections. Ten AOA-2 derivatives were synthetized for the in vitro assays. Their toxicities to human lung epithelial cells (A549 cells) for 24 h were evaluated by determining the A549 cells viability using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The effect of these peptide derivatives and AOA-2 at 250, 125, 62.5, and 31.25 μg/mL on the attachment of A. baumannii ATCC 17978, P. aeruginosa PAO1 and E. coli ATCC 25922 strains to A549 cells was characterized by adherence and viability assays. None of the 10 derivatives showed toxicity to A549 cells. RW01 and RW06 have reduced more the adherence of ATCC 17978, PAO1 and ATCC 2599 strains to A549 cells when compared with the original compound AOA-2. Moreover, both peptides have increased slightly the viability of infected A549 cells by PAO1 and ATCC 25922 than those observed with AOA-2. Finally, RW01 and RW06 have potentiated the activity of colistin against ATCC 17978 strain in the same level with AOA-2. The optimization program of AOA-2 has generated two derivatives (RW01 and RW06) with best effect against interaction of GNB with host cells, specifically against P. aeruginosa and E. coli.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF SOME PESTICIDES ON REEF CORALS

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 69-70
Author(s):  
Austin E. Lamberts
Keyword(s):  
Reef Coral ◽  
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Reef Corals ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Skeletal Calcium

While investigating a reef coral kill in Samoa it was speculated that this might have been due to contamination by some chemical. Subsequently, scleractinian reef corals were tested to assess their reactions to 12 commonly used pesticides and toxic substances. The chlorinated-hydrocarbons such as DDT and Endrin produced stress effects in corals subjected to 2ppm for 24 hours in in-vitro studies although the corals continued to deposit skeletal calcium. In-vivo tank experiments suggested that small amounts of these substances in seawater stimulated the corals to deposit skeletal calcium. Other pesticides were much less toxic to the corals.

scholarly journals In vitro toxicity studies of novel solar water disinfection reactors using the E-screen bioassay and the Ames test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Ozores Diez ◽  
M. Inmaculada Polo-López ◽  
Azahara Martínez-García ◽  
Monique Waso ◽  
Brandon Reyneke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ames Test ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection

Abstract Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is a cost-effective point of use method for disinfecting water, usually in a 2 L polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottle. To increase the volume of water disinfected, three novel transparent reactors were developed using PET in 25 L transparent jerrycans, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) in tubular solar reactors capable of delivering >20 L of water and polypropylene (PP) in 20 L buckets. In vitro bioassays were used to investigate any toxic substances leached from the plastic reactors into disinfected water as a result of exposure to sunshine for up to 9 months. The Ames test was used to test for mutagenicity and the E-screen bioassay to test for estrogenicity. No mutagenicity was detected in any sample and no estrogenicity was found in the SODIS treated water produced by the PMMA reactors or the PP buckets. While water disinfected using the PET reactors showed no estrogenicity following exposure to the sun for 3 and 6 months, estrogenicity was detected following 9 months' exposure to sunlight; however levels detected were within the acceptable daily intake for 17β-estradiol (E2) of up to 50 ng/kg body weight/day.

scholarly journals A novel nano-sulphur and essential oil-based room freshener

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Ashwini S. Kaware ◽  
Pramod U Ingle ◽  
Aniket K. Gade ◽  
Mahendra Rai
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Indoor Fungi ◽  
The Face ◽  
Average Size

Introduction: Alternaria spp. and Candida spp. are the main fungal pathogen of indoor environment like house, office, classroom, etc. These may cause various diseases and infections like systemic infections, or chronic asthma in immunocompromised individuals through secretion of various toxic substances. Chemical-based commercially available room fresheners used to control the fungal load of indoor environment are not beneficial to human health. Objective: was to provide viable alternative in the form of nanoparticle-based approach for the management of air-borne fungi. Methodology: The present study primarily focuses on the isolation, microscopic and biochemical identification of indoor fungi; Azadirachta indica-mediated sulphur nanoparticles (SNPs) synthesis, their detection and characterization; and in vitro assessment of SNPs against isolated fungi present in indoor environment. Result: The isolated fungi were identified as Alternaria spp and Candida spp. The SNPs showed absorbance maxima at 291 nm. NTA analysis showed average size of 188.4 nm, and zeta potential of -4.94 mV which represented synthesis of stable SNPs. XRD pattern confirmed the face centered cubic, crystalline nature of SNPs. FTIR spectrum depicted the presence of polyhydroxyl, nitrile, keto, aromatic and carboxylic compounds which stabilized the SNPs. The antifungal assays demonstrated the significant activity of the formulated SNPs and eucalyptus oil infused air freshener. Conclusion: It can be concluded that A. indica-mediated SNPs can be applied in the formulation and manufacture of an ecofriendly air freshener for the management of indoor fungal pathogens like Alternaria spp. and Candida spp.

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