scholarly journals PHENOMENON OF DEMIKHOV. In the Sklifosovsky Institute (1960–1986). Demijоv V.P. Transplante experimental de órganos vitales. Madrid: Editorial Atlante, 1967

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-92
Author(s):  
S. P. Glyantsev ◽  
Yu. G. Shatunova ◽  
A. Werner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Circulation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Current State ◽  
Successful Transplantation ◽  
Femoral Vessels ◽  
German Edition ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
First Time ◽  
Vascular Suture ◽  
Selection Of

For the first time, the article introduces into scientific circulation and analyzes the Preface by V.P. Demikhov to his book "Transplantation of vital organs in experiment", published in 1967 in Spanish under the title "Transplante experimental de órganos vitales". Judging by the facts mentioned in the text, V.P. Demikhov wrote it in 1966, reflecting his views on the current state and prospects of homoplastic tissue and organ transplantation. As in previous publications, in particular, in the Preface to the German edition of the book published in Berlin in 1963, V.P. Demikhov substantiated the concept that the main condition for a successful transplantation of homoplastic organs was to restore the blood circulation in them. In his opinion, the success of engraftment depends, first of all, on the ideally performed vascular suture and the immediate inclusion of the transplanted donor organ into the blood circulation of the host body, as well as on the sterility of the undertaken intervention. Having discussed the use of pharmacological immunosuppression as a method of overcoming the biological incompatibility of homologous organs during their transplantation, V.P. Demikhov pointed out the toxicity of the drugs used for this purpose he tested experimentally, as well as his experiments, indicating the possibility of overcoming incompatibility by means of other methods (the selection of the donor and recipient with regard to the blood group, mixing the blood of the donor and recipient by parabiosis, etc.). In this text V.P. Demikhov again mentioned the scheme he had developed for two-stage transplantation of an additional heart as a reserve organ to maintain the function of the patient's decompensated heart and named the main stages of the operation: implantation on the femoral vessels (stage 1) and transplantation into the chest (stage 2). As in the Preface to the German edition of the book, V.P. Demikhov spoke in detail about the model of a “living physiological system” he had developed in 1963 aimed at creating a bank of reanimated organs that would retain their viability until transplanted into another body. Projects for growing the organs in anencephalic newborns for the rejuvenation of the elderly were also outlined.

scholarly journals PHENOMENON OF DEMIKHOV. In the Sklifosovsky Institute (1960–1986). Demichow W. Die experimentelle Transplantation lebenswichtiger Organe. Berlin: VEB Verlag Volk und Gesundheit, 1963

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-75
Author(s):  
S. P. Glyantsev ◽  
A. Werner
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Long Time ◽  
First Time ◽  
Transplanted Organs

The article has discussed V.P. Demikhov's views on a homoplastic transplantation of tissues and organs in 1963 and his achievements in experimental transplantation by that time. The authors first translated the monograph Die experimentelle Transplantation lebenswichtiger Organe (1963) from German into Russian and presented V.P. Demikhov's Preface to it. In this text, having critically analyzed the current provisions in the field of immunobiology, V.P. Demikhov came to the conclusion that a number of his achievements contradicted those provisions and did not fit into the framework of existing immunobiological laws. In 1963, confessing the primacy of function over structure, V.P. Demikhov believed that the restoration of blood circulation in transplanted organs played the main role in their survival, and the subsequent functioning of the transplanted organ for a long time meant its engraftment. In this text V.P. Demikhov for the first time substantiated the model of a “physiological organism” he had invented for reviving a human in a state of agony, for creating a bank of organs, growing it in infants and rejuvenating the elderly.Authors declare no conflict of interest.

scholarly journals The current state of the traditions of reincarnation among the Ob Ugrians

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-535
Author(s):  
T. V. Voldina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Human Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
The Media ◽  
First Time

Introduction: the traditional worldview of the Khanty and Mansi peoples has been undergoing transformation over the past two centuries. It can be considered as a gradual erosion of the semantic «core» of the Ob-Ugric culture, which also includes the ideas associated with reincarnation. On the other hand, these changes are an expression of the modern development of indigenous ethnic groups, choosing for themselves the strategy that allows them to fit into the modern common human culture, responding to the challenges of the era of globalization. Objective: to determine the degree of preservation of traditional Ob-Ugric beliefs associated with reincarnation in the first decades of the XXI century. Research materials: the results of a survey conducted among representatives of the Ob Ugrians in 2017–2018. Results and novelty of the research: the work is a continuation of the author’s research on the traditions of reincarnation in the culture of the Khanty and Mansi peoples. The study of their current state on the basis of a social survey was conducted for the first time, which showed that the traditions associated with the reincarnation are practiced sporadically. Their deeper knowledge is typical for the elderly, while a significant part of the youth is poorly informed. The source of knowledge about reincarnation is a family, as well as literature and the media

Competition of Verb Aspects and Its Resolution as a Creative Act (Based on the Material of Aspects Variants in the Texts by F. M. Dostoevsky)

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
S. A. Karpukhin
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Method ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Verb Aspect ◽  
Component Theory ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Artistic Interpretation ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Aspectual Meaning

The article considers the competition of verbal aspects from a new perspective. Instead of employing the traditional method of demonstrating this phenomenon — an empirical replacement of the aspect of a verb in a phrase with the opposite — the author examines Dostoevsky’s choice between the variants found in different manuscripts of the same text. For the first time, based on a two-component theory of the semantic invariant of a verb type, the aspectual meaning of the selection of a verb aspect is revealed and, as a result of contextual analysis, an artistic interpretation of the selected type is proposed.

Peculiarities of the juvenile period of the native Chechen genotypes of willow leaf pear (Pyrus salicifolia Pall.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
E. A. Dolmatov ◽  
R. B. Borzayev ◽  
A. N. Shaipov
Keyword(s):  
Chestnut Soil ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
The Common ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Creative Cooperation

The results of the study of the duration of the juvenile period of indigenous Chechen willow leaf pear genotypes (Pyrus salicifolia Pall.) are given in connection with the acceleration of the breeding process and the use of selected forms in pear breeding for high precocity. The studies were carried out in 2016-2019 at OOO “Orchards of Chechnya” in accordance with the Agreement on creative cooperation with the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding. The work was carried out in accordance with generally accepted programs and methods. The objects of the study were one-year and two-year-old pear seedlings obtained from sowing seeds of selected dwarf and low-growing local Chechen forms of willow pear (P. salicifolia Pall.), laying fruit buds on annual growths and seedlings of Caucasian pear (P. caucasica Fed.), 20 500 pcs. of each specie. The aim of the research was to study the potential of precocity of willow pear seedlings and to reveal of selected forms with the greatest degree of this trait. Stratified seeds were sown in the sowing department of the OOO “Orchards of Chechnya” production nursery in April, 2017. The seedlings were grown according to the common technology in dryland conditions on the plot with chestnut soil. The first fl owering of plants was noted in the spring, 2019. As a result of the research, for the first time on a large number of the experimental material it was found that in the off spring of the indigenous Chechen willow leaf pear genotypes, the selection of a little more than 2% of seedlings with a very short juvenile period (2 years) was possible. They are of great interest in accelerating the breeding process and in the selection of new pear varieties with high precocity. 20 willow leaf pear genotypes were selected for the further use in breeding for high precocity and as sources of the trait of short juvenile period.

Disability as a social phenomenon

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-38
Author(s):  
Natalia Guseva ◽  
Vitaliy Berdutin
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Consistent Solution ◽  
First Time

At present, the problem of establishing disability is a point at issue in Russia. Despite the fact that medical criteria for disability are being developed very actively, high-quality methods for assessing social hallmarks are still lacking. Since disability is a phenomenon inherent in any society, each state forms a social and economic policy for people with disabilities in accordance with its level of development, priorities and opportunities. We have proposed a three-stage model, which includes a system for the consistent solution of the main tasks aimed at studying the causes and consequences of the problems encountered today in the social protection of citizens with health problems. The article shows why the existing approaches to the determination of disability and rehabilitation programs do not correspond to the current state of Russian society and why a decrease in the rate of persons recognized as disabled for the first time does not indicate an improvement in the health of the population. The authors proposed a number of measures with a view to correcting the situation according to the results of the study.

scholarly journals A Virtual Telescope for the Open University Science Foundation Course

1998 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Norton ◽  
Mark H. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Open University ◽  
Distance Teaching ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
University Science ◽  
First Time ◽  
Degree Level ◽  
Selection Of

The Open University is the UK's foremost distance teaching university. For over twenty five years we have been presenting courses to students spanning a wide range of degree level and vocational subjects. Since we have no pre-requisites for entry, a major component of our course profile is a selection of foundation courses comprising one each in the Arts, Social Science, Mathematics, Technology and Science faculties. The Science Faculty's foundation course is currently undergoing a substantial revision. The new course, entitled “S103: Discovering Science”, will be presented to students for the first time in 1998.

scholarly journals Electro-Quasistatic Animal Body Communication for Untethered Rodent Biopotential Recording

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreeya Sriram ◽  
Shitij Avlani ◽  
Matthew P. Ward ◽  
Shreyas Sen
Keyword(s):  
Lower Energy ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Body ◽  
Animal Body ◽  
Current State ◽  
Communication Modalities ◽  
First Time ◽  
Biopotential Recording

AbstractContinuous multi-channel monitoring of biopotential signals is vital in understanding the body as a whole, facilitating accurate models and predictions in neural research. The current state of the art in wireless technologies for untethered biopotential recordings rely on radiative electromagnetic (EM) fields. In such transmissions, only a small fraction of this energy is received since the EM fields are widely radiated resulting in lossy inefficient systems. Using the body as a communication medium (similar to a ’wire’) allows for the containment of the energy within the body, yielding order(s) of magnitude lower energy than radiative EM communication. In this work, we introduce Animal Body Communication (ABC), which utilizes the concept of using the body as a medium into the domain of untethered animal biopotential recording. This work, for the first time, develops the theory and models for animal body communication circuitry and channel loss. Using this theoretical model, a sub-inch$$^3$$ 3 [1″ × 1″ × 0.4″], custom-designed sensor node is built using off the shelf components which is capable of sensing and transmitting biopotential signals, through the body of the rat at significantly lower powers compared to traditional wireless transmissions. In-vivo experimental analysis proves that ABC successfully transmits acquired electrocardiogram (EKG) signals through the body with correlation $$>99\%$$ > 99 % when compared to traditional wireless communication modalities, with a 50$$\times$$ × reduction in power consumption.

scholarly journals Biomarkers of Angiogenesis and Neuroplasticity as Promising Clinical Tools for Stroke Recovery Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3949
Author(s):  
Lidia Wlodarczyk ◽  
Rafal Szelenberger ◽  
Natalia Cichon ◽  
Joanna Saluk-Bijak ◽  
Michal Bijak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Clinical Scales ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Current State ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Clinical Tools ◽  
Selection Of

Several key issues impact the clinical practice of stroke rehabilitation including a patient’s medical history, stroke experience, the potential for recovery, and the selection of the most effective type of therapy. Until clinicians have answers to these concerns, the treatment and rehabilitation are rather intuitive, with standard procedures carried out based on subjective estimations using clinical scales. Therefore, there is a need to find biomarkers that could predict brain recovery potential in stroke patients. This review aims to present the current state-of-the-art stroke recovery biomarkers that could be used in clinical practice. The revision of biochemical biomarkers has been developed based on stroke recovery processes: angiogenesis and neuroplasticity. This paper provides an overview of the biomarkers that are considered to be ready-to-use in clinical practice and others, considered as future tools. Furthermore, this review shows the utility of biomarkers in the development of the concept of personalized medicine. Enhancing brain neuroplasticity and rehabilitation facilitation are crucial concerns not only after stroke, but in all central nervous system diseases.

scholarly journals Combining QTL Mapping and Gene Expression Analysis to Elucidate the Genetic Control of ‘Crumbly’ Fruit in Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 794
Author(s):  
Luca M. Scolari ◽  
Robert D. Hancock ◽  
Pete E. Hedley ◽  
Jenny Morris ◽  
Kay Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Developmental Disorder ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Microarray Experiment ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Genotype By Sequencing ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of

‘Crumbly’ fruit is a developmental disorder in raspberry that results in malformed and unsaleable fruits. For the first time, we define two distinct crumbly phenotypes as part of this work. A consistent crumbly fruit phenotype affecting the majority of fruits every season, which we refer to as crumbly fruit disorder (CFD) and a second phenotype where symptoms vary across seasons as malformed fruit disorder (MFD). Here, segregation of crumbly fruit of the MFD phenotype was examined in a full-sib family and three QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) were identified on a high density GbS (Genotype by Sequencing) linkage map. This included a new QTL and more accurate location of two previously identified QTLs. A microarray experiment using normal and crumbly fruit at three different developmental stages identified several genes that were differentially expressed between the crumbly and non-crumbly phenotypes within the three QTL. Analysis of gene function highlighted the importance of processes that compromise ovule fertilization as triggers of crumbly fruit. These candidate genes provided insights regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in the genetic control of crumbly fruit in red raspberry. This study will contribute to new breeding strategies and diagnostics through the selection of molecular markers associated with the crumbly trait.

DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL FOR ASSESSMENT OF THE CONDITION OF PATIENTS WITH DISEASES OF THE SPINE BASED ON THE METHOD OF MULTI-CRITERIAL SELECTION OF ALTERNATIVES

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
Екатерина Ивановна Новикова ◽  
Евгений Николаевич Коровин
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Great Accuracy ◽  
Spinal Diseases ◽  
Gradual Introduction ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Selection Of

Современная медицина имеет два приоритетных направления развития. Первое направление - это создание новейших лекарственных препаратов, а также разработка вакцин против новых вирусов. Второе направление - повсеместное и поэтапное внедрение в медицину информационных технологий. С болью в спине могут столкнуться люди не только пожилого возраста, но и подростки и даже грудные дети. Боль эта может быть вызвана многими причинами: как усталостью, так и всевозможными заболеваниями, которые могли развиться со временем или быть от рождения. По данным статистики ВОЗ, 80% населения страдает клиническими проявлениями остеохондроза позвоночника. В Российской Федерации большая часть амбулаторного приема неврологов и ортопедов занимают болезни позвоночника. Зачастую эксперту сложно однозначно оценить объект по некоторому критерию, возникают сомнения и поиски усредненной оценки. Но нередко затруднения в точном определении значения возникают не из-за недостатка опыта, а как раз, наоборот, из-за интуитивного понимания размытости оценки. Излишняя точность понятия может привести к потере части наилучших альтернатив или неправильному их ранжированию, если таковое применяется. Поэтому возникает необходимость разработки все более гибких по отношению к человеческому восприятию информации методов, позволяющих учитывать неопределенность все в большем количестве измерений. Целью данной работы является изучение методов, позволяющих с большой точностью определить заболевание позвоночника по некоторым жалобам пациента. Задачами работы являются выбор методов для просчета альтернатив, выбор критериев для альтернатив, и собственно, сами расчеты по выбранным методам Modern medicine has two priority areas of development. The first direction is the creation of the latest drugs, as well as the development of vaccines against new viruses. The second direction is the widespread and gradual introduction of information technologies into medicine. Back pain can be experienced not only by the elderly, but also by adolescents and even infants. This pain can be caused by many reasons: both fatigue and all kinds of diseases that could develop over time or be from birth. According to WHO statistics, 80% of the population suffers from clinical manifestations of osteochondrosis of the spine. In the Russian Federation, most of the outpatient visits to neurologists and orthopedists are spinal diseases. It is often difficult for an expert to unambiguously evaluate an object according to some criterion; doubts arise and searches for an average assessment. But often difficulties in accurately determining the meaning arise not because of a lack of experience, but, on the contrary, because of the intuitive understanding of the fuzziness of the assessment. Excessive precision of the concept can lead to the loss of some of the best alternatives or their incorrect ranking, if applicable. Therefore, there is a need to develop more and more flexible methods in relation to human perception of information, allowing to take into account the uncertainty in more and more dimensions. The aim of this work is to study methods that allow to determine with great accuracy the disease of the spine based on some of the patient's complaints. The tasks of the work are the choice of methods for calculating alternatives, the choice of criteria for alternatives, and, in fact, the calculations themselves according to the selected methods

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