scholarly journals Institutional problematic in the theses of sociologists

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Aleksandrovich Popov

This article examines various aspects of institutional problematic in the research of sociologists. Analysis is conducted on the theses on sociology (for the period from 2016 to 2019), which provide the results of studying social institutions and social practices. The author determines the modern trends in examining the problem of “institutionalization – deinstitutionalization”, and reveals the connection between social institutions and particular practices. The tendency to generalize the material on local manifestations of the institutions and practices in the thesis is noted. At the same time, the questions are raised concerning the development of relatively new institutions, the establishment of which is associated with the peculiarities of modern social reality. Attention is give to cross-disciplinary nature of theses dedicated to studying the institutional problematic. The author assesses the role of the theses of sociologists in formation of the picture of development of the institutions and practices in the Russian Federation, its constituent entities, and foreign countries. Emphasis is placed on the aspect of regionalization of institutions. The article outlines the problems related to the scientific analysis of “basic institutions” in regional development. The significance of theses for the formation of representations on correlation between the “basic institutions” and relevant social issues in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is indicated. Focus is also made on the prevalence of the tendency to studying the role of the regional traditional values and norms in the development of certain social institutions and practices.

Author(s):  
Евгений Николаевич Зиньков ◽  
Ильнар Ильнурович Тулиев

Эволюция - это естественный исторический процесс развития, совершенствования, в том числе и основных государственных законов. Порядок пересмотра и внесения поправок - это процесс, который предусмотрен и происходит при конституционном становлении любого государства. Статья посвящена изучению характера некоторых поправок, внесенных в Конституцию Российской Федерации с недавнего времени. Кроме того, в статье проанализирована роль Конституции Российской Федерации как основного законодательного акта в стране, раскрыты основные принципы, изложенные в Конституции РФ и имеющие значение для внесенных поправок. Авторы отмечают, что внесение поправок в Конституцию РФ затронуло только содержание с третьей по восьмую главы, поскольку внесение изменений в первую, вторую и девятую главы Конституции РФ невозможно и влечет принятие новой Конституции страной. Тем не менее актуальность даже некоторых корректоров в основополагающем законодательном акте Российской Федерации обусловлена взаимосвязью всех положений Конституции, и после изменения хотя бы одной нормы Конституции неизбежно следуют некоторые поправки в иных нормах этого же акта. Далее авторы анализируют внесенные поправки относительно отображения в Конституции титульной нации. До недавнего времени данное положение отсутствовало, в отличие от положений конституций некоторых зарубежных государств, приводимых авторами в исследовании. Кроме того, отмечаются некоторые изменения преамбулы, которые нашли свое отражения в ст. 67 Конституции РФ, а также особенности установления идеологии на территории Российской Федерации. Относительно последнего авторы справедливо указывают, что, несмотря на запрет установления идеологии в стране, согласно внесенным поправкам в Конституцию РФ Российская Федерация должна придерживаться концепции патриотизма. В статье приводится точка зрения о нарушении порядка принятия поправок в Конституцию РФ, а также негативные последствия данного нарушения. В заключение авторы указывают, что, несмотря на особенности внесения поправок в Конституцию РФ, они тем не менее были реализованы, хотя и не решили существующих проблем в Российской Федерации. Evolution is a natural historical process of development, improvement, including the basic state laws. The procedure for revision and amendment is a process that is provided for and occurs during the constitutional formation of any state. The article is devoted to the study of the nature of some amendments made to the Constitution of the Russian Federation recently. In addition, the article analyzes the role of the Constitution of the Russian Federation as the main legislative act in the country, analyzes and reveals the basic principles set out in the Constitution of the Russian Federation and are relevant for the amendments made. In the study, the author correctly notes that the amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation affected only the content of the third to eighth chapters, since the introduction of amendments to the first, second and ninth chapters of the Constitution of the Russian Federation is impossible and entails the adoption of a new Constitution by the country. Nevertheless, the relevance of even some correctors in the main legislative act of the Russian Federation is conditioned by the interrelation of all the provisions of the constitution with each other and the change of at least one norm of the Constitution is inevitable by some amendments to other norms of the same act. Further, the author analyzes the amendments made regarding the inclusion of the titular nation in the Constitution, since this provision was absent until recently. This, in turn, cannot be said about some foreign countries, the provisions of whose Constitutions the author cites in the study. In addition, the author notes some changes in the preamble, which are reflected in Article 67 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, as well as features of the establishment of ideology on the territory of the Russian Federation. Regarding the latter, the author rightly points out that despite the ban on the establishment of ideology in the country, according to the amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Russian Federation should adhere to the concept of patriotism. The article presents the point of view about the violation of the procedure for adopting amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, as well as the negative consequences of this violation. In conclusion, the author points out that despite the peculiarities of the amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, they were nevertheless implemented, although they did not solve the existing problems in the Russian Federation.


KANT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
Maxim Izyumov

The article provides an analytical review of the experience of foreign countries in the creation of industrial parks and shows their role in the economy of individual regions, each individual state. The importance of the creation and development of industrial parks as an institution for the development of industrial and innovative production in the economy of the Russian Federation is indicated. The main problems of the development of industrial parks in the Russian Federation and methods of their solution are considered. The conclusion is made about the current level of development of the institute of industrial parks as a driver of economic growth in the Russian Federation.


2019 ◽  
pp. 147-151
Author(s):  
I. Aksenov

The implementation of the sanctions policy of the United States and Western Europe in relation to the Russian Federation has been analyzed. The objectives of the USA and European Union sanctions policies have been identified. The study has been based on the principles of a three-level classification of sanctions aimed at destabilizing the economy of the Russian Federation. Sectors of the economy and companies have been identified, that, have become objects of sanctions policy and have suffered more from USA and European Union sanctions. The role of sanctions as a toolkit, which can influence the political and economic balance of power in the world, has been defined. The opinion of representatives of business of foreign countries on the formation of anti-Russian sanctions has been reflected within the article. The features of the implementation of the sanctions policy in the digital block and cyberspace have been noted.


Author(s):  
П.В. Ивлиев

Аннотация. В данной статье рассматривается нормативно-правовая база, регулирующая деятельность средств массовой информации зарубежных стран. Затрагиваются острые проблемы взаимодействия СМИ с органами власти в иностранных государствах. Поднимаются вопросы взаимодействия частного капитала со средст- вами массовой информации в других государствах. Выявляются проблемы взаимодействия органов государственной вла- сти со СМИ в зарубежных странах и тем самым предлагается учитывать данный опыт иностранных государств в Российской Федерации. Annotation. This article examines the legal framework governing the activities of mass media in foreign countries. The acute problems of interaction between the media and the authorities in foreign countries are touched upon. The questions of interaction of private capital with mass media in other states are raised. The problems of interaction of state authorities with the media in foreign countries are identified, and thus it is proposed to take into account this experience of foreign states in the Russian Federation.


2019 ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Krishtofor

The present stage of development of the international scientific and technical cooperation in the space industry has been investigated. The main shifts, happening in the geographical directions of the international scientific and technical cooperation in the space field have been considered. The potential, problems and the prospects of development of the international scientific and technical cooperation in the space field with the CIS countries have been studied. The perspective directions of its development with participation of Russia have been allocated; consequences of imposition of sanctions of foreign countries in the space field on development of scientific and technical cooperation have been analyzed; the role of the countries and regions in realization of strategic priorities of the Russian Federation in development of scientific and technical cooperation has been shown.


2020 ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
N. I. Shagaida

The article clarifies the concept of “agricultural holding”, using an approach to assessing the size on the basis of the total revenue of all agricultural organizations within the agricultural holding. It has been revealed that only 100 of the total number of agricultural holdings that were identified can be attributed to large business entities. They comprise about 3% of agricultural organizations in the country, while their share in the proceeds is about 37%. A large share of agricultural holdings — large business subjects under the control of Russian entities operate in one, and under the control of foreign legal entities — in three or more regions of the Russian Federation. Vertical integration within the framework of large agricultural holdings with different schemes for including the stages of processing and sale of products produced in their agricultural organizations allows them to receive advantages. Strengthening the role of large business entities in agriculture puts on the agenda the issue of differentiating approaches to taxation and state support in agriculture, depending on the size of the companies’ agricultural businesses.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
ALEXEY ROMAKHIN ◽  

This article reveals the problem of the role of the religious factor in the formation of the value orientations of the military personnel of the Russian army from its inception to the present state. In the article, the author reveals the significance of the Church in the formation of the value orientations of military personnel. The problem of religious situation in foreign armies is considered. The article presents data from sociological studies confirming the increase in the number of religious servicemen in the modern Armed Forces. The concept of “religious factor” is revealed. The author suggests considering the influence of the religious factor on the formation of value orientations through the functions of religion. The article provides examples of the influence of religion on the formation of value orientations of military personnel from the time of the Baptism of Russia to the present. Examples of writers of Russian classical literature about the influence of religion on the morale of troops are given. Examples of religious participation in major battles and wars of the past years are shown. The significance of the religious factor in uniting the people and the army is shown. The work of officials of the Ministry of defense of the Russian Federation in strengthening values among military personnel in modern conditions is demonstrated. The role of the Minister of defense of the Russian Federation, General of the army S.K. Shoigu in strengthening the faith of the Russian army is outlined. Issues related to the construction of the Main Temple of the Armed Forces and its impact on the public masses were discussed. In this study, the author aims to show the significant role of religion in the formation of value orientations in Russian military personnel. The analysis shows an increasing role of religion in the minds of military personnel in modern conditions.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1723-1735
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Pronin

Subject. The article investigates the program-targeted planning methodology, which is implemented in the Russian Federation and leading foreign countries, for high-tech industry development. Objectives. The aim is to identify the specifics of program-targeted planning for the development of high-tech industries, to shape programs and plans for innovative development in the Russian Federation and leading foreign countries. Methods. The study employs general scientific methods of systems analysis, including the statistical and logical analysis. Results. I reviewed methods of program-targeted planning, implemented by the world’s leading countries (the Russian Federation, United States of America, France, Great Britain, Netherlands, Norway, Japan, Canada), in the interests of the development of various high-tech sectors of the economy. The study established that the methodology of program-targeted management is an effective tool for resource allocation by various types of economic activities in accordance with national priorities. I developed proposals by priority areas for improving the methodology for program-targeted planning and management in the Russian Federation in modern economic conditions. Conclusions. The findings and presented proposals can be used to improve methods for program-targeted planning to develop high-tech sectors of the economy; to design various long-term programs and plans, reducing the risk of their implementation; to determine the ways and methods of sustainable socio-economic and innovative and technological development of the world's leading economies.


Author(s):  
Oksana Galchuk

The theme of illegitimacy Guy de Maupassant evolved in his works this article perceives as one of the factors of the author’s concept of a person and the plane of intersection of the most typical motifs of his short stories. The study of the author’s concept of a person through the prism of polivariability of the motif of a bastard is relevant in today’s revision of traditional values, transformation of the usual social institutions and search for identities, etc. The purpose of the study is to give a definition to the existence specifics of the bastard motif in the Maupassant’s short stories by using historical and literary, comparative, structural methods of analysis as dominant. To do this, I analyze the content, variability and the role of this motive in the formation of the Maupassant’s concept of a person, the author’s innovations in its interpretation from the point of view of literary diachrony. Maupassant interprets the bastard motif in the social, psychological and metaphorical-symbolic sense. For the short stories with the presentation of this motif, I suggest the typology based on the role of it in the structure of the work and the ideological and thematic content: the short stories with a motif-fragment, the ones with the bastard’s leitmotif and the group where the bastard motif becomes a central theme. The Maupassant’s interpretation of the bastard motif combines the general tendencies of its existence in the world’s literary tradition and individual reading. The latter is the result of the author’s understanding of the relevant for the era issues: the transformation of the family model, the interest in the theory of heredity, the strengthening of atheistic sentiments, the growth of frustration in the system of traditional social and moral values etc. This study sets the ground for a prospective analysis of the evolution the bastard motif in the short-story collections of different years or a comparative study of the motif in short stories and novels by Maupassant.


Author(s):  
Pavel Agapov ◽  
Kirill Stepkin

The article considers the general theoretical foundations of the relationship of sectarianism and religious extremism in the Russian Federation. Practical examples of the role of destructive sects in modern religious extremism in the Russian Federation are given.


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