scholarly journals Word formation as a source of synonymy in the Crimean Tatar language

Litera ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Susanna Marlenovna Abliametova ◽  
Zera Mambetovna Sattarova
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Semantic Composition ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Crimean Tatar

The subject of this research is the problem of word formation in the Crimean Tatar language. The object of this research is the synonyms in the Crimean Tatar language. Synonyms contribute to clarity of expression of one or another meaning, enrich the literary language and enhance its expressiveness. The goal of this work consists in examination of word formation capabilities in the Crimean Tatar language as a source of synonymy. An important question for understanding the nature of synonymy in lexical-semantic composition of the modern Crimean Tatar language is the questions on the factors of the emergence of synonyms. In the Crimean Tatar linguistics, this question requires a detailed examination. The novelty of this research lies in the analysis of word formation as a source of synonymy. A conclusion is formulated that the lexicon of Crimean Tatar language is being enrich mostly due to the word formation. The rich word formation capabilities of the language allow creating a wide variety of derivatives based on the existing patterns. The skill of using the word formation capabilities of the language significantly enriches the speech, allows to create lexical and semantic neologisms, expands synonymy of the language. Word formation is one of the source of synonymy.

scholarly journals PECULIAR FEATURES OF THE KRYMCHAK DZHONK SCRIPT AND THE KRYMCHAK WRITTEN LANGUAGE TRADITION

Movoznavstvo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 315 (6) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
O. O. TYSHCHENKO-MONASTYRSKA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Writing System ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Turkish Origin ◽  
Special Value ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Crimean Tatar

The subject of the present publication is to bring to the light some orthographic features of the Yosyf Gabai’s Krymchak manuscript, called jonk, from Crimean Ethnographic Museum (Simferopol). Fragments of the manuscript were first transcribed, translated into Russian and published by David Rebi, who was a teacher of Krymchak and native speaker. However, the jonk has never been edited before. A special value of this manuscript lies in its language (or even languages), as well as styles represented. The manuscript is multilingual, contains folklore texts (poetry and narrative) of the Crimean and Turkish origin, written in Hebrew script, diary notes both in Krymchak and Russian, prayers and religion texts in Hebrew partially translated into Turkic written in the early XX century in Feodosia. This research is dedicated to Turkic linguistic features and their orthography. Despite of using Hebrew script Krymchak writing system developed in close relation to pre-reform Crimean Tatar writing tradition, both variants in their turn connected to Ottoman and pre-Ottoman orthographic traditions. Several orthographic features point to that, for instance principles of writing some vowels, consonants ( in initial, central, final positions), grammatical and word-formation suffixes (connected or separate writing), morphonological change, ways of transcription and adopting loanwords. Language of Yosyf Gabai’s jonk reflects orthographic and colloquial features of Krymchak and shares them with other Crimean Turkic manuscripts of this period. Schematically marked suffixes, together with some archaic morphonological changes, graphically reflected in the text, such as disrupted vowel harmony, alternations in labial harmony, syncope, epenthesis, protheses, disrupted consonant change between morphemes characterize orthography of the Krymchak manuscript.

scholarly journals The importance of Alisher Navoi’s work «Muhakamatul-lugatayn» in the field of Turkic studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
T. Qydyr ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Special Place ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Middle Ages

The works of Alisher Navoi take a special place in the literature of the Turkic peoples. The poet, who wrote a lot in his time, is distinguished by the fact that he first introduced the tradition of «Khamsa» among the Turkic peoples. His literary, historical, linguistic and memoir works had a great influence on the work of later poets. One of these works is «Muhakamatul-lugatain» («Opinion on two languages»). Having studied the grammatical features and poetic power of both languages, Navoi scientifically substantiated in this work that the Turkic literary language is in no way inferior to Persian. Using specific examples, he revealed the rich vocabulary of the Turkic literary language. In particular, he mentioned one hundred verbs that are not found in Persian and gave some examples in verses. Most of the ancient terms found in this work are widely used in the modern Kazakh language. In this article, the author reveals the significance of Navoi’s work «Mukhakamatul-lughatayn» in the field of Turkology. He also spoke briefly about the extant manuscripts of this work and focused on the specifics of these versions. The author also shared his thoughts on the first publications and subsequent studies of this work. The subject of the study is the Fatih manuscript, the specifics of the use of some Turkic words are given on specific examples. Some of the questions raised in this work of Navoi, written in the Middle Ages in parallel in two languages (zul-lisain), have not lost their relevance today. In the Middle Ages, Arabic, Persian and Turkic languages competed with each other, and in the era of globalization, the scope of application of English, Russian and Kazakh languages in Kazakh society is growing again. This indicates the relevance of studying the work of Navoi.

Digital Communication and Translation Problems (Based on Bulgarian and Russian Network Texts)

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-240
Author(s):  
Liudmila Karpenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Communication ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Network Systems ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Translation Errors

The problem of equivalence of digital translation in the global Internet network is considered. The subject of the study is the errors of digital translation in texts posted on the Internet in the Facebook network. The method of comparative semantic-contextual analysis is used. As a result of the study of texts translated from Bulgarian into Russian, it was found that communication failures are observed at all language levels: lexical-semantic, word-formation, grammatical and at the level of value-modal assessment of the situation. Translation errors reveal the use of English as an intermediary language in the translation of Slavic texts in network systems. It is concluded that the improvement of digital translation models requires more attention to the lexical-semantic, word-formation and grammatical specifics of the Slavic languages, to their realities and language pictures of the world.

scholarly journals Occasional word-formation as a dynamic aspect of the Russian language derivational system

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 445-452
Author(s):  
Tatyana Shchuklina
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Dynamic Aspect ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Modern Russian

The article is devoted to the study of unusual word-formation as a manifestation of the dynamic aspect of Russian word-formation. The subject of the research are active wordbuilding processes of the modern Russian language, structural-semantic and functionalpragmatic characteristics of occasional units. The research is based on theoretical contributions of W. von Humboldt where the language is considered not only as a product of human activity but as an activity itself, and ideas of E. A. Zemskaya of activity nature of the Russian wordformation as a subsystem of the general language system. Revealing of productive methods and techniques of occasional neologisms formation functioning in the Russian newspaper periodicals testifies that occasional word-formation is one of the most important operating mechanisms of the Russian language derivational system; the dynamics of word-formation processes in the language of mass media reflects general trends of the modern Russian literary language development, taking place within the framework of language democratization and liberalization.

Lexical semantic and derivational features of the names of persons during the coronavirus pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-85
Author(s):  
A. V. Zelenin ◽  
T. N. Butseva
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Language Game ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Electronic Database ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Empirical Material

This article reviews the new lexical material related to the coronavirus pandemic. The empirical material was collected in the electronic database Integrum. The subject of the collected material are names of persons which were used in electronic mass media (newspapers, magazines, blogs, social networks). The volume of the lexical corpus is about 90 neolexemes. The collected corpus of innovations counts more than 600 words. The aim of the article is to describe the material from lexical and semantic, word-formation points of view, to demonstrate a language game.

scholarly journals STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF THE NEOLEXES ON THE DESIGNATION OF THE CULTURAL AND ARTISTIC SPHERE

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-168
Author(s):  
V. P. Oleksenko
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Group ◽  
New Words ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Lexical Structure ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Internet Forums

The article clarifies the meaning and features of word-formation development of new words and terms to denote the cultural and artistic field, which appeared in the modern Ukrainian literary language at the beginning of the XXI century and due to linguistic and extralinguistic factors are widely used. The object of research are words and terms of the cultural and artistic sphere, as they are best able to nominate concepts in special vocabulary, to reflect the diversity of the semantic spectrum of the conceptual sphere of «culture and art». The subject of research is lexical-semantic, structural-word-forming and spelling features of words and terms of cultural and artistic sphere in the Ukrainian language. Scientific novelty of the research. The classification of neolexes by semantic criterion is offered. The place of innovations in the lexical structure of the Ukrainian language is determined, the main stages of adaptation and structural and semantic features of words and terms to denote the cultural and artistic branch are characterized; the factors of creation of neolexes and their inclusion in the lexical-semantic system of the Ukrainian language, which supplement the corresponding lexical-semantic group with new tokens, are clarified; factors of word-forming activity of neolexes are revealed; It is proved that one of the reasons for the problem of qualification and spelling of neolexes with creative bases-Englishisms is the lack of mastery of innovations by the grammatical system of the Ukrainian language. The existing achievements of linguists in the field of studying innovative derivatives are analyzed, it is stated that the issue of the dynamics of the language system is always at the center of current linguistic research. Innovative words and terms of the cultural and artistic sphere of the beginning of the XXI century in the language of mass media, Internet forums and in dictionaries of neologisms of the modern Ukrainian language are revealed, globalization tendencies in their use are testified. The main thematic groups of neolexes for the designation of the cultural and artistic sphere are singled out, structural and semantic innovations and productivity of their use are determined. It is proved that one of the reasons for the problem of qualification and spelling of neolexes with creative bases-Englishisms is the lack of mastery of innovations by the grammatical system of the Ukrainian language.

M. V. Nadkarni. Farmer's Movements in India. New Delhi: Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 1987.237 pp.,Price: (hardbound edition) Rupees (Indian) 100.00.

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-335
Author(s):  
Khwaja Sarmad
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Land Holdings ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Agricultural Price

This book is a comprehensive analysis of farmers' movements in India with a focus on the movements in Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Punjab and Karnatka. It examines the economic, social and political aspects of the farmers' struggle for a better deal within regional and national perspectives and evaluates the potential impact of these struggles on economic development in general, and on rural development, in particular. In a most competent way the author has presented the current state of the debate on the subject. He deals exhaustively with the subject of agricultural price policy and argues against the proposition that favourable price-setting for farm products is adequate to alleviate rural poverty. A better way to tackle this problem is to improve the per capita output in the rural sector, since the root cause of the problem is not unfavourable terms of trade but the increasing proportion of land holdings, which are economically not viable. Agricultural price policy is analyzed within the context of class relations, which enables to establish a link between the economic and political demands of the farmers. This analysis leads the author to conclude, that in contrast with the peasants' movements in India, which helped to break up the feudal agrarian set-up, the recent farmers' movements, with a few exceptions, have little revolutionary content. Their leadership has been appropriated by the rich landowners, who have transformed the movements into a lobby for advancing their own interests, within the existing power structure, to the neglect of the poorer peasantry.

Features of optative modality in Macedonian language (with emphasis on the functionalities of independent da-construction)

2020 ◽  
pp. 301-323
Author(s):  
Natalya I. Kikilo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Natural Context ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Text Types ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ritual Context

In the Macedonian literary language the analytic da-construction used in an independent clause has a wide range of possible modal meanings, the most common of which are imperative and optative. The present article offers a detailed analysis of the semantics and functions of the Macedonian optative da-construction based on fiction and journalistic texts. The first part of the article deals with the specificities of the optative as a category which primarily considers the subject of a wish. In accordance with the semantic characteristics of this category, optative constructions are used in those discourse text types where the speakers are explicitly designated (the most natural context for the optative is the dialogue). The analysis of the Macedonian material includes instances of atypical usage of the optative da-construction, in which the wish of the subject is not apparent and thereby produces new emotional tonalities perceptible to the reader of a fiction/journalistic text. The study describes Macedonian constructions involving two different verb forms: 1) present tense form (da + praes) and 2) imperfective form (da + impf). These constructions formally designate the hypothetical and counterfactual status of the optative situation, respectively. Thus, the examples in the analysis are ordered according to two types of constructions, which reflect the speaker’s view on the probability of the realisation of his/her wish. Unrealistic wishes can be communicated through the present da-construction, while the imperfective construction denotes situations in which the wish can be realised in the future. The second part of the article is devoted to performative optative da-constructions, which express formulas of speech etiquette, wishes and curses. The analysis demonstrates that these constructions lose their magical functions, when used outside of the ritual context, and begin to function as interjections.

scholarly journals Reframing ‘integration’: acknowledging and addressing five core critiques

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Spencer ◽  
Katharine Charsley
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Recent Criticism ◽  
Heuristic Model ◽  
Migration Studies ◽  
Methodological Nationalism ◽  
Narrow Focus ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractEmpirical and theoretical insights from the rich body of research on ‘integration’ in migration studies have led to increasing recognition of its complexity. Among European scholars, however, there remains no consensus on how integration should be defined nor what the processes entail. Integration has, moreover, been the subject of powerful academic critiques, some decrying any further use of the concept. In this paper we argue that it is both necessary and possible to address each of the five core critiques on which recent criticism has focused: normativity; negative objectification of migrants as ‘other’; outdated imaginary of society; methodological nationalism; and a narrow focus on migrants in the factors shaping integration processes. We provide a definition of integration, and a revised heuristic model of integration processes and the ‘effectors’ that have been shown to shape them, as a contribution to a constructive debate on the ways in which these challenges for empirical research can be overcome.

Intergenerational Wealth Transfer and the Need to Revive and Metamorphose the Israeli Estate Tax

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphna Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Wealth Transfer ◽  
Estate Tax ◽  
Inheritance Tax ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Needy

Abstract This article suggests enacting an accession tax instead of the estate duty – which was repealed in Israel in 1981. This suggestion evolves from historical and normative explorations of the tension between perceptions of familial intergenerational property rights and justifications for the “death tax,” as termed by its opponents, i.e., estate and inheritance tax. First, the Article explores this tension as expressed in the history of the Israeli Estate Duty Law. This chronological survey reveals a move from the State’s taken-for-granted interest in revenue justifying the Law’s enactment in 1949; moving on to the “needy widow” and “poor orphan” in whose name the tax was attacked during the years 1959–1964, continuing to the abolition of the tax in 1981 in the name of efficiency and the right of the testator to transfer his wealth to his family, and finally cumulating with the targeting of tycoon dynasties that characterizes the recent calls for reintroducing the tax. Next, based on the rich literature on the subject, the Article maps the arguments for and against intergenerational wealth transfer taxation, placing the Israeli case in larger philosophical, political, and pragmatic contexts. Lastly, it associates the ideas of accession tax and “social inheritance” with inspirational sources for rethinking a realistic wealth transfer taxation to bridge the gap between notions of intergenerational familial rights and intergenerational social justice.

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