Influência da precipitação e a temperatura na dieta de lontra [(Lontra longicaudis (Olfers, 1818)] em área de influência de reservatório hidrelétrico no rio Jari, Amapá, Brasil

Foi avaliada a dinâmica sazonal da precipitação e da temperatura na dieta de Lontra longicaudis nas áreas de influência direta e indireta do reservatório Hidrelétrico Santo Antônio do Jari, Amapá, Brasil, para testar a hipótese do predomínio de itens de peixes no total de fezes e o aumento de itens de crustáceos e da diversidade de presas no período menos chuvoso. O estudo foi realizado na Usina Hidrelétrica Santo Antônio do Jari (UHE) localizada cerca de 150 km da foz do rio Jari com as coletas de fezes a cada trimestre durante 2016, 2017 e 2018 na montante e jusante dos rios em período chuvoso e período menos chuvoso, e os itens alimentares encontrados foram quantificados para cada categoria alimentar por meio da frequência de ocorrência relativa (FOr%) e calculada a média e o desvio padrão. Para verificar a relação entre a frequência alimentar e as variáveis climáticas foi realizada a ordenação por meio da Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA) com a auxílio do software estatístico R. Em 542 amostras de fezes analisadas, os peixes e crustáceos foram as classes mais consumidas ao longo dos três anos principalmente na jusante. Houve correlação positiva entre itens de peixes e precipitação, e itens de crustáceos temperatura. As informações obtidas são fundamentais como indicadoras ambientais para o manejo e conservação de lontra em ambientes naturais/ou impactados, principalmente quando associados com os aspectos climáticos na região amazônica. Precipitation and temperature as environmental indicators in the Neotropical Otter diet [(Lontra longicaudis (olfers, 1818)] in an area of influence of a hydroelectric reservoir on the Jari river, Amapá, Brazil A B S T R A C TWere evaluated the seasonal dynamics of precipitation and temperature in the Lontra longicaudis diet in the areas of direct and indirect influence of the Santo Antônio do Jari Hydroelectric Reservoir, Amapá, Brazil, to test the hypothesis of the predominance of fish items in the total of feces and the increase of crustacean items and the diversity of prey in the less rainy period. The study was carried out at the Santo Antônio do Jari Hydroelectric located about 150 km from the mouth of the Jari River with the collection of feces every quarter during 2016, 2017 and 2018 in the upstream and downstream rivers in the rainy season and less rainy season, and the food items found were quantified for each food category using the frequency of relative occurrence (FOr%) and the mean and standard deviation were calculated and to check the relationship between food frequency and climatic variables, ordering was performed by means of of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with the aid of the statistical software R. In 542 samples of feces analyzed, fish and crustaceans were the most consumed items over the three years, mainly upstream. There was a positive correlation between fish items and precipitation, and temperature and crustaceans items. The information obtained is fundamental as environmental indicators for the management and conservation of otters in natural / or impacted environments, especially when associated with climatic aspects in the Amazon region.Keywords: Otter, environmental factors, diet, dam.

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Emisiones de dióxido de carbono en estratos de mangle en la Amazonia Oriental Brasileña

Revista de Biología Tropical ◽

10.15517/rbt.v68i1.36169 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nelson Castellón Rodríguez ◽

Maria I. Vitorino ◽

José F. Berrêdo ◽

Mário A. Gonçalves Jardim ◽

Artur G. Oliveira de Miranda

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Moisture ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Interspecific Interactions ◽

Principal Component ◽

The Other ◽

Rainy Period ◽

Physical Chemical

Introduction: Carbon dioxide emissions from mangrove soils have a potential impact on the global carbon balance. They are related to anthropic actions and natural processes with interspecific interactions involving physical-chemical and environmental variables. Objective: In this research, the seasonality of carbon dioxide emissions related to different strata of mangrove vegetation, soil physical-chemical makeup and physical environmental factors were evaluated. Methods: Nine plots of 20 x 20 m were demarcated (three for each of the three vegetation strata) in the Experimental Site of the Federal Rural University of the Amazon and the Federal University of Pará in Cuiarana, Salinópolis, Pará, Brazil. Duplicate soil samples were taken from each plot during three consecutive seasonal periods and analyzed in the laboratory. Carbon dioxide emissions were monitored for 88 days through the basal breathing of the soil methodology; other variables evaluated were soil moisture and temperature, hydrogenic potential, redox potential, carbon and nitrogen of the microbial biomass, organic matter and composition of sand, silt and clay. Precipitation data was obtained from the CMORPH technique of the Climate Forecast Center - NOAA. Information on tides was obtained from the Brazilian Navy’s Fundeadouro de Salinópolis. Results: The results showed that the highest carbon dioxide emissions occurred in the rainy season 2017 on average 7.5 (14.5 TCO2 ha/year) mg/100 cm3. With 10.5 mg/100 cm3 (21 TCO2 ha/year), the adult stratum was the largest source of emissions. The highest seasonal correlations of the emissions in relation to the incubation intervals occurred in the rainy season, in the adult stratum the days 1,2,3,4,3,3 and 5. Using principal component analysis (PCA) it was found that the highest correlations of carbon dioxide emissions and physical-chemical variables occurred in the adult stratum with 56 % variance. The highest correlations were found with the variables soil moisture, Ph, organic matter, carbon and microbial nitrogen. The Kruskal-Wallis test corroborated these results, indicating significant differences between vegetation strata and CO2 emissions (P= 0.0170); and the Tukey test confirmed greater statistical importance of the adult mangrove in relation to the other strata (P= 0.0140). Conclusions: In the three analyzed stations, the highest emissions occurred in the rainy period with an average of 14.5 TCO2 ha/year and the adult stratum was responsible for the highest emissions registering 21 TCO2 ha/year difference that was statistically significant with the other strata (P = 0.0140).

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What Does Human Development Index Rating Mean in Terms of Individualism/Collectivism?

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027//1016-9040.8.2.97 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 97-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Maria José Sotelo ◽

Luis Gimeno

Keyword(s):

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Principal Component ◽

General Idea ◽

Development Index ◽

Low Levels ◽

The Relationship

The authors explore an alternative way of analyzing the relationship between human development and individualism. The method is based on the first principal component of Hofstede's individualism index in the Human Development Index rating domain. Results suggest that the general idea that greater wealth brings more individualism is only true for countries with high levels of development, while for middle or low levels of development the inverse is true.

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HUBUNGAN KEPADATAN BIVALVIA DENGAN PARAMETER LINGKUNGAN DI PESISIR TANJUNG PURA KABUPATEN BANGKA TENGAH

Akuatik Jurnal Sumberdaya Perairan ◽

10.33019/akuatik.v13i2.1434 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 112-121

Author(s):

Sudiyar . ◽

Okto Supratman ◽

Indra Ambalika Syari

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Principal Component ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Data Retrieval ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Random System ◽

System Method ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Anadara Granosa

The destructive fishing feared will give a negative impact on the survival of this organism. This study aims to analyze the density of bivalves, distribution patterns, and to analyze the relationship of bivalves with environmental parameters in Tanjung Pura village. This research was conducted in March 2019. The systematic random system method was used for collecting data of bivalves. The collecting Data retrieval divided into five research stasions. The results obtained 6 types of bivalves from 3 families and the total is 115 individuals. The highest bivalve density is 4.56 ind / m², and the lowest bivalves are located at station 2,1.56 ind / m², The pattern of bivalve distribution in the Coastal of Tanjung Pura Village is grouping. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that Anadara granosa species was positively correlated with TSS r = 0.890, Dosinia contusa, Anomalocardia squamosa, Mererix meretrix, Placamen isabellina, and Tellinella spengleri were positively correlated with currents r = 0.933.

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Optimization Fuzzy Inference System based Particle Swarm Optimization for Onset Prediction of the Rainy Season

Kinetik Game Technology Information System Computer Network Computing Electronics and Control ◽

10.22219/kinetik.v5i1.985 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 61-70

Author(s):

Noviandi Noviandi ◽

Ahmad Ilham

Keyword(s):

Particle Swarm Optimization ◽

Fuzzy Inference System ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Fuzzy Inference ◽

Sea Surface ◽

Good Work ◽

Swarm Optimization ◽

Inference System ◽

Coefficient Corrélation ◽

The Relationship

Rainfall which is occurred in an area explain the Onset Rainy Season (ORS). ORS is a characteristic of the rainy season which is important to know, but the characteristics of the rain itself is very difficult to predict. We use the method of Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) to predict ORS. Unfortunately, FIS is weak to determine parameters so that influences the working FIS method. In this study, we use PSO to optimize parameter of the FIS method to increase perform of the FIS method for onset prediction of the rainy season with the predictor Sea Surface Temperature Nino 3.4 and Index Ocean Dipole. We used coefficient correlation to determine the relationship between two variables as predictors and RMSE as evaluate to all methods. The experiment result has shown that the work of FIS-PSO after optimizing produced the good work with the coefficient correlation = 0.57 and RMSE = 2.96 that is the smallest value that is better performance if compared with other methods. It can be concluded that the method proposed can increase the onset prediction of the rainy season.

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Nonverbal Semantics Test (NVST)—A Novel Diagnostic Tool to Assess Semantic Processing Deficits: Application to Persons with Aphasia after Cerebrovascular Accident

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11030359 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 359

Author(s):

Katharina Hogrefe ◽

Georg Goldenberg ◽

Ralf Glindemann ◽

Madleen Klonowski ◽

Wolfram Ziegler

Keyword(s):

Language Processing ◽

Cerebrovascular Accident ◽

Semantic Processing ◽

Factor Model ◽

Principal Component ◽

Original Data ◽

Verbal Abilities ◽

Verbal Tasks ◽

Alternative Means ◽

The Relationship

Assessment of semantic processing capacities often relies on verbal tasks which are, however, sensitive to impairments at several language processing levels. Especially for persons with aphasia there is a strong need for a tool that measures semantic processing skills independent of verbal abilities. Furthermore, in order to assess a patient’s potential for using alternative means of communication in cases of severe aphasia, semantic processing should be assessed in different nonverbal conditions. The Nonverbal Semantics Test (NVST) is a tool that captures semantic processing capacities through three tasks—Semantic Sorting, Drawing, and Pantomime. The main aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between the NVST and measures of standard neurolinguistic assessment. Fifty-one persons with aphasia caused by left hemisphere brain damage were administered the NVST as well as the Aachen Aphasia Test (AAT). A principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted across all AAT and NVST subtests. The analysis resulted in a two-factor model that captured 69% of the variance of the original data, with all linguistic tasks loading high on one factor and the NVST subtests loading high on the other. These findings suggest that nonverbal tasks assessing semantic processing capacities should be administered alongside standard neurolinguistic aphasia tests.

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Modeling the Radial Stem Growth of the Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Forests Using the Satellite-Derived NDVI and LST (MODIS/AQUA) Data

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12010012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 12

Author(s):

Yulia Ivanova ◽

Anton Kovalev ◽

Vlad Soukhovolsky

Keyword(s):

Land Surface ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽

Principal Component ◽

Stem Growth ◽

Forest Growth ◽

Parabolic Approximation ◽

New Approach ◽

The Relationship ◽

Tree Increment

The paper considers a new approach to modeling the relationship between the increase in woody phytomass in the pine forest and satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) (MODIS/AQUA) data. The developed model combines the phenological and forest growth processes. For the analysis, NDVI and LST (MODIS) satellite data were used together with the measurements of tree-ring widths (TRW). NDVI data contain features of each growing season. The models include parameters of parabolic approximation of NDVI and LST time series transformed using principal component analysis. The study shows that the current rate of TRW is determined by the total values of principal components of the satellite indices over the season and the rate of tree increment in the preceding year.

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Quantify Coal Macrolithotypes of a Whole Coal Seam: A Method Combing Multiple Geophysical Logging and Principal Component Analysis

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14010213 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 213

Author(s):

Chao Cui ◽

Suoliang Chang ◽

Yanbin Yao ◽

Lutong Cao

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Coal Seam ◽

Coalbed Methane ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Gas Production ◽

Index Model ◽

Geophysical Logging ◽

The Relationship ◽

Observation Results

Coal macrolithotypes control the reservoir heterogeneity, which plays a significant role in the exploration and development of coalbed methane. Traditional methods for coal macrolithotype evaluation often rely on core observation, but these techniques are non-economical and insufficient. The geophysical logging data are easily available for coalbed methane exploration; thus, it is necessary to find a relationship between core observation results and wireline logging data, and then to provide a new method to quantify coal macrolithotypes of a whole coal seam. In this study, we propose a L-Index model by combing the multiple geophysical logging data with principal component analysis, and we use the L-Index model to quantitatively evaluate the vertical and regional distributions of the macrolithotypes of No. 3 coal seam in Zhengzhuang field, southern Qinshui basin. Moreover, we also proposed a S-Index model to quantitatively evaluate the general brightness of a whole coal seam: the increase of the S-Index from 1 to 3.7, indicates decreasing brightness, i.e., from bright coal to dull coal. Finally, we discussed the relationship between S-Index and the hydro-fracturing effect. It was found that the coal seam with low S-Index values can easily form long extending fractures during hydraulic fracturing. Therefore, the lower S-Index values indicate much more favorable gas production potential in the Zhengzhuang field. This study provides a new methodology to evaluate coal macrolithotypes by using geophysical logging data.

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Soil Nutrient and Vegetation Diversity Patterns of Alpine Wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13116221 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 6221

Author(s):

Muyuan Ma ◽

Yaojun Zhu ◽

Yuanyun Wei ◽

Nana Zhao

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Tibetan Plateau ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Principal Component ◽

Vegetation Diversity ◽

Vegetation Biomass ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

The Relationship

To predict the consequences of environmental change on the biodiversity of alpine wetlands, it is necessary to understand the relationship between soil properties and vegetation biodiversity. In this study, we investigated spatial patterns of aboveground vegetation biomass, cover, species diversity, and their relationships with soil properties in the alpine wetlands of the Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Furthermore, the relative contribution of soil properties to vegetation biomass, cover, and species diversity were compared using principal component analysis and multiple regression analysis. Generally, the relationship between plant biomass, coverage, diversity, and soil nutrients was linear or unimodal. Soil pH, bulk density and organic carbon were also significantly correlated to plant diversity. The soil attributes differed in their relative contribution to changes in plant productivity and diversity. pH had the highest contribution to vegetation biomass and species richness, while total nitrogen was the highest contributor to vegetation cover and nitrogen–phosphorus ratio (N:P) was the highest contributor to diversity. Both vegetation productivity and diversity were closely related to soil properties, and soil pH and the N:P ratio play particularly important roles in wetland vegetation biomass, cover, and diversity.

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Simplex algebras and their representation

Glasgow Mathematical Journal ◽

10.1017/s0017089500001889 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 136-144

Author(s):

M. S. Vijayakumar

Keyword(s):

Left Ideal ◽

Maximal Ideal ◽

Banach Algebras ◽

Principal Component ◽

Nonempty Interior ◽

Regular Elements ◽

Maximal Left Ideal ◽

The Relationship ◽

Order Identity ◽

Real Matrices

This paper establishes a relationship (Theorem 4.1) between the approaches of A. C. Thompson [8, 9] and E. G. Effros [2] to the representation of simplex algebras, that is, real unital Banach algebras that are simplex spaces with the unit for order identity. It proves that the (nonempty) interior of the associated cone is contained in the principal component of the set of all regular elements of the algebra. It also conjectures that each maximal ideal (in the order sense—see below) of a simplex algebra contains a maximal left ideal of the algebra. This conjecture and other aspects of the relationship are illustrated by considering algebras of n × n real matrices.

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Elaboration of Linguistic Code and Verbal-Processing Strategies: Interdomain Analyses

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1979.45.1.283 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 283-296

Author(s):

Millicent E. Poole

Keyword(s):

Functional Relationship ◽

Principal Component ◽

Female Adolescents ◽

Task Completion ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Verbal Processing ◽

Processing Strategies ◽

Linguistic Code ◽

Processing Modes ◽

The Relationship

This study investigated the relationship between linguistic code elaboration and verbal processing strategies. Individual, structured interviews were administered to a sample of 48 male and 48 female adolescents, aged between 15 and 16 yr., to obtain measures in two domains, linguistic and verbal. Interdomain relationships were explored by means of principal component analysis and canonical correlation. The pattern of relationships between the two domains suggested a functional relationship between the linguistic codes and task-specific verbal processing modes. That is to say, linguistic codes reflected the simplicity or complexity of verbal processing strategies needed for task completion.

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