scholarly journals Study of the effectiveness of soil herbicides in relation to barnyard grass.

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
V. N. Morokhovets ◽  
Z. V. Basay ◽  
T. V. Morokhovets ◽  
T. V. Shterbolova ◽  
S. S. Vostrikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
The Common ◽  
Active Substances

An assessment of the biological activity of seven soil herbicides (based on seven active substances), permitted for use in soybeans, and their five tank mixtures, is given against the common barnyard grass. The study was carried out in the Primorsky Territory in 2018, 2019 in a greenhouse. The scheme of the experiment is presented: control (without herbicide treatment); Command, EC (active agent clomazone, 480 g/l) at a consumption rate of 1.0 l/ha; Zenkor Ultra, KS (active agent metribuzin, 600 g/l) – 1.0 l/ha; Gezagard, KS (active agent prometrine, 500 g/l) – 3.5 l/ha; Proponite, EC (active agent propisochlor, 720 g/l) – 3.0 l/ha; Dual Gold, EC (active agent S-metolachlor, 960 g/l) – 1.6 l/ha; Gardo Gold, KS (active agent S-metolachlor + terbutylazine, 312.5 + 187.5 g/l) – 4.5 l/ha; Pledge, SP (active agent flumioxazine, 500 g/kg) – 0.12 kg/ha; Gezagard + Dual Gold – 2.5 l/ha + 1.5 l/ha; Zenkor Ultra + Dual Gold – 0.5 l/ha + 1.5 l/ha; Command + Dual Gold – 0.7 l/ha + 1.5 l/ha; Proponite + Pledge – 2.0 l/ha + 0.10 kg/ha; Command + Pledge – 0.7 l/ha + 0.10 kg/ha. Barnyard grass was found to be quite sensitive to most of the herbicides and tank mixtures used in the experiments. Good control of barnyard grass was ensured by the use of herbicides Gezagard, Gardo Gold and Command. However, the extremely high biological efficiency (phytotoxicity) in relation to this species in conditions of a greenhouse and optimum herbicidal potential of soil herbicides, was demonstrated by preparations Dual Gold, Proponit and tank mixtures based on them. In this regard, Dual Gold and Proponit can primarily be recommended for soil application (separately and as part of tank mixtures) in soybean crops heavily contaminated with barnyard grass.

Identification of allelopathic compounds from rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw and their biological activity

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 815-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Chung ◽  
J. K. Ahn ◽  
S. J. Yun
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Allelopathic Compounds

Experiments were conducted to identify allelochemicals from rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw extracts of four rice cultivars (Gin shun, Kasawala mundara, Philippine 2 and Juma 10), and to test their biological activity on barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli P. Beauv. var. oryzicola Ohwi). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the concentration and composition of allelopathic compounds depended on the cultivar. Among the compounds identified were p-hydroxybenzoic acid at 6.87 mg g–1 in Gin shun, p-coumaric acid at 0.34 mg g–1 in Kasawala mundara, ferulic acid at 0.05 mg g–1 in Philippine 2, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid at 6.34 mg g–1 in Juma 10. Preliminary identification by HPLC analysis resulted in peaks with retention times near those of standards, including p-hydroxybenzoic acid m/z = 138). This was confirmed with electron impact/mass spectra. In a bioassay with nine known allelochemicals and their mixtures, p-hydroxybenzoic acid (10–3 M) showed the greatest inhibitory effect on barnyard grass seed germination, seedling length, and dry weight. This suggests that this compound may be a key factor in rice allelopathy on barnyard grass. Key words: Allelopathic compound, rice, barnyard grass, bioassay

Sporopollenin microcapsules for microencapsulation of living cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shwan A. Hamad ◽  
Amro K.F. Dyab ◽  
Simeon D. Stoyanov ◽  
Vesselin N. Paunov
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Surface Active Agent ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Original State ◽  
Lycopodium Clavatum ◽  
Surface Active

ABSTRACTWe used sporopollenin prepared from Lycopodium Clavatum to encapsulate living yeast cells as a model for probiotics. The microencapsulation of cells was achieved by using the trilite scars of the sporopollenin microcapsules which can open up by compressing the sporopollenin into a pellet. Such compressed pellets were exposed to an aqueous suspension of yeast cells in the presence of a biocompatible surface active agent which allowed living cells to be loaded inside the sporopollenin particles by the influx of liquid to the sporopollenin interior as the deformed microcapsules re-inflated to their original state. We demonstrated that the cells viability and biological activity is preserved after the microencapsulation in the sporopollenin. Such microencapsulation technology could find application in preserving cells from mechanical stress and aggressive environments which can be used in protection of probiotics in food formulations.

scholarly journals SOLID DISPERSIONS OF BENZIMIDAZOL PREPARATIONS IN PARASITOLOGY

2019 ◽  
pp. 663-670
Author(s):  
Khalikov ◽  
Lokshin ◽  
Ilyin ◽  
Varlamova ◽  
Arkhipov
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Polymer Systems ◽  
Solid Films ◽  
Nematocidal Activity ◽  
Active Substances

In order to increase the water solubility and biological activity of antihelminthics (medamin /BMC/, albendazole /ABZ/, fenbendazol /FBZ/) by the method of joint machining of their substances with polymers (PVP, arabinogalactan), solid dispersions (SD), which are easily flowing powders, were obtained. The analysis of solid dispersions of the “Drug: polymer” systems for solubility showed that this indicator depends on both the nature of the Drug and the Polymer. The possibility of increasing the water solubility of medamin by more than 50 times, albendazole by 27 times and fenbendazole by 24 times with varying times of their joint machining with polymers is shown. IR spectral studies and comparison with reference data suggest the formation of intermolecular complexes due to the formation of a hydrogen bond between the characteristic groups of antihelminthic substances and polymers. It was shown that solid dispersions of these substances with PVP can be obtained by an alternative method, i.e. by dissolving the components in ethanol and then removing the solvent. These SDs were mica-like solid films and had greater solubility than SDs produced in solid state. Comparison of the nematocidal activity of SD (ABZ with PVP and FBZ with PVP) obtained by alternative methods showed that they have the same activity at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg of active substances when tested on a laboratory model of trichinosis in white mice experimentally infused with T. spiralis. SD of ABZ with PVP and AG showed high efficacy in treatment of trichinosis and hymenolepiasis in white mice. These results were confirmed during treatment of nematodirosis and other gastrointestinal strongylatosis in sheep. SD of FBZ with arabinogalactane showed 100% efficacy in treatment of dictiocaulosis, strongyloidosis, and strongilatosis of the digestive tract and 98.3% activity in treatment of trichocephalosis in sheep. The obtained data indicate the promise of a mechanochemical approach for the development of innovative antihelminthics with increased solubility and high biological efficiency.

scholarly journals FLAVONOIDS OF POPULUS BALSAMIFERA PLANTS AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 147-150
Author(s):  
А. Т. Таkibayeva ◽  
A. A. Amirchan ◽  
A. T. Kalkenova ◽  
I. V. Kulakov
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Populus Balsamifera ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Active Substances

The work is devoted to the chemical studying of the composition of flavonoids of Populus balsamifera, the isolation of individual compounds, and the establishment of their structure. Balsamic poplar plants are a promising source of many biologically active substances, and in particular, flavonoids. From the buds of Populus balsamifera L. identified four flavonoids with antifungal, antimicrobial antioxidant properties and hepatoprotective activity. Data of flavonoids were isolated by extraction on the soxlet apparatus with 95% ethanol by triple thermal extraction at a temperature of 60 °C, followed by thickening on a rotary evaporator. For isolation from the buds of balsamic poplar, the resulting extract was chromatographed on a column with silica gel of the KSK brand 0.31-0.63 microns, using petroleum ether as eluents petroleum ether-ethyl acetate in various ratios and ethyl acetate. The structure of the isolated compounds was determined by IR, UV, NMR 13C, 1H spectroscopy. The biological activity of the isolated flavonoids was also studied.

scholarly journals Environmental assessment of the use of the herbicide Lumax

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
A. V. Kostyuk ◽  
N. G. Lukacheva ◽  
E. V. Lyashenko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Brown Soil ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Experimental Plots

The sensitivity of agricultural crops to the Lumax herbicide, consisting of three active agents C-metolachlor, terbutylazine and mesotrione, the duration of their action in meadow-brown soil, and the aftereffect of the herbicide on the plants of the crop rotation were determined. The study was conducted in the conditions of the greenhouse in the Primorsky Territory in 2019 and 2020. The herbicide Lumax was used on experimental plots before corn germination at doses of 4.0 l/ha (recommended) and 8.0 l/ha (twice the recommended). In the autumn of 2019 and in the spring of 2020, samples of meadow-brown soil were taken from the experimental plots and from the control (without herbicides) from the depth of the arable layer containing 3.5% humus. The samples were used to establish the duration of the action of active agents and the aftereffect of the herbicide Lumax. Prior to this, plants indicating residual amounts of the chemical in meadow-brown soil were preselected. The doses of the herbicide which reduce the above-ground mass of the test plant by 50% were calculated, as well as its maximum permissible concentration in the soil. It was determined that by the end of the growing season, 0.7–3.0% of the active agent of the herbicide Lumax is retained in meadow-brown soil at a rate of application of 4.0 l/ha, and 0.6–3.9% – at a rate of 8.0 l/ha. By the beginning of the next field season, the preparation applied at the recommended rate completely decomposed, while when it was applied at a double rate of the recommended rate, 0.8–1.7% of the herbicide remained. Eight months after the application at a rate of 4.0 l/ha, the herbicide Lumax is safe for subsequent crops of the crop rotation. In case of overdose or double application (8.0 l/ ha), it can have an aftereffect on sensitive crops. The crops that are highly sensitive to the Lumax preparation were identified: cabbage, radish, rapeseed, beetroot, tomatoes, cucumber and rice; sensitive: wheat, buckwheat and soybean; relatively resistant: oats and barley. A safe consumption rate of the Lumax herbicide (4.0 l/ha) for subsequent crops of the crop rotation was established.

scholarly journals Some properties of Bacillus subtilis probiotic supplements from byproducts of agricultural complex

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-603
Author(s):  
N. A. Ushakova ◽  
R. V. Nekrasov ◽  
E. S. Brodskiy ◽  
V. V. Voznesenskaya ◽  
A. A. Kozlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Hormonal System ◽  
Flax Seeds ◽  
Active Substances

Previously, it was shown that B. subtilis B-8130 produce bactericides and biologically active substances while fermenting different phyto-substrates. The bacilli release somatostatin-like peptide during solid-state fermentation of beet pulp sugar, sea-buckthorn leaves and flax seeds. The growth of bacterial culture is accompanied by the formation of biofilm that encapsulates phyto-carriers. The combination of all above factors determines high biological activity of probiotics and their effects on digestion in animals. We tested the addition of 0.1% B. subtilis B-8130 fermented substrate to the pig ration. The experiments showed higher weight gain, lowered daily feed expenses and improved survival. We found substantial changes in morphology of the small intestine epithelial cells associated with intensive absorption of feed nutrients in pigs that were fed with fermented sea-buckthorn leaves. This suggests influence of probiotics on digestion mediated by hormonal system.

scholarly journals Sesquiterpene lactones – occurrence and biological properties. A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
KATARZYNA OLESIŃSKA
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Carbon Pathways

Sesquiterpene lactones are secondary metabolites commonly found in higher plants as well as mosses, lichens, and fungi. Currently, over 5000 of such compounds have been identified with a majority isolated from Asteraceae plants. They are characterised by different chemical structures associated with the presence of various carbon pathways and functional groups, which exert an impact on their pharmacological activity. These colourless substances are soluble in fats, alcohols, or water. They are often bitter ingredients regarded as bitter compounds. They are accumulated mainly in leaves, flower parts and seeds; less frequently, they are present in roots. Sesquiterpene lactones exhibit multidirectional biological activity: some of them have anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, analgesic, antiparasitic, antifungal, and bacteriostatic effects. Therefore, high hopes are placed on the medical and pharmaceutical use of these substances. Lactone compounds are also regarded as a potential source of new active substances used in agriculture to combat plant pathogens

scholarly journals Pengaruh Madu Terhadap Hepar Mencit yang Terpapar Asap

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1017-1022
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yusha Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Phenolic Antioxidants ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Common ◽  
Active Substances

Honey is a human food ingredient produced by bees. Honey is a special food ingredient and has high nutritional value, honey has been proven to be used as a burn medicine and as an antioxidant. More specifically and honey can be used to prevent liver damage due to obstruction of the common bile duct and due to cysticercus cysts in the liver. Honey is known to contain organic acids, minerals, vitamins, and is rich in active substances that act as antioxidants that can protect the liver from damage. Research also confirms that the phenolic antioxidants present in honey are very effective, thus increasing the body's resistance to fighting oxidative stress. Cigarette smoke contains 4000 types of organic substances and cigarette smoke can become free radicals that can cause oxidative stress and damage normal tissue. The method used in this study was true experimental with a post-test only controlled group design. Using  30 male mice, the results obtained were that the provision of honey had an effect on the microscopic image of the liver of male mice exposed to cigarette smoke, but the statistical test results did not show any significant differences between the control group and the treatment group. Further research is needed with different dose variations.

scholarly journals Biotechnological aspects of obtaining biologically active substances of Adonis vernalis

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
V. R. Hamada ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Active Substances

This article shows the possibility of using a biotechnological method to obtain biologically active compounds based on in vitro cultivation of callus cultures. The callus biomass of Adonis vernalis was obtained in vitro by using the biotechnological method. The extracts based on callus biomass of Adonis vernalis were obtained. The content of flavonoids and phenolic compounds was determined. The antioxidant activity of callus biomass of Adonis vernalis has also been studied. The research results show that the content of biologically active substances and biological activity in callus biomass does not differ from plant raw materials.

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