scholarly journals FERMENTASI GLUKOSA HASIL HIDROLISIS BUAH KUMBI UNTUK BAHAN BAKU BIOETANOL

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Seno Handayani ◽  
Surya Hadi ◽  
Haryanti Patmala
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
The Family ◽  
C 32 ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Bioethanol Yield ◽  
High Cellulose

Abstrak. Kumbi atau Voacanga foetida (blume) rolfe merupakan tumbuhan dari family Apocynaceae. Pulau Lombok merupakan daerah utama tempat tumbuhnya ‘Kumbi’ ini. Kumbi memiliki kandungan selulosa yang cukup tinggi. Selulosa merupakan salah satu bahan baku dalam pembuatan bioetanol. Sebelumnya telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai pembuatan bioetanol dari buah Kumbi (Voacanga foetida (blume) rolfe) ini dengan kadar 14% dan % rendemen sebesar 14,793%. Hasil yang didapatkan ini sudah cukup tinggi namun belum memenuhi syarat untuk dijadikan sebagai bahan baku campuran pada bahan bakar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu fermentasi terhadap rendemen bioetanol dari buah kumbi menggunakan Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan Rhyzopus oryzae. Metode yang digunakan adalah hidrolisis dengan HCl dan fermentasi menggunakan Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan Rhyzopus oryzae. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, bioetanol dari buah kumbi dapat diproduksi melalui proses hidrolisis dan fermentasi menggunakan Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan Rhyzopus oryzae dengan variasi suhu fermentasi 28°C, 30°C, 32°C, 34°C, 36°C, 38°C dan 40°C, dan destilasi pada suhu 78 oC, menghasilkan rendemen bioetanol kasar pada suhu optimum 36 °C sebesar 66,02% (w/w) menggunakan Saccharomyces cerevisiae sedangkan dengan rasio yang sama menggunakan Rhyzopus oryzae suhu optimum dicapai pada 32°C, menghasilkan rendemen bioetanol kasar sebesar 88,14% (w/w). Kata kunci: Bioetanol, Buah Kumbi, Hidrolisis, Fermentasi      Abstract.    Kumbi or Voacanga foetida (blume) Rolfe is a plant of the family Apocynaceae.  Lombok Island is the main area where the growth of Kumbi. Kumbi has a high cellulose content. Cellulose is a raw material in the manufacture of bioethanol. Research for bioethanol production from fruit Kumbi (Voacanga foetida (blume) Rolfe) generates yield of 14.793%. These results are not yet eligible to be used as raw material in the fuel mixture. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature on the yield of bioethanol fermentation of fruit Kumbi using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhyzopus oryzae. The method used is by HCl hydrolysis and fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhyzopus oryzae. The results showed that ethanol from Kumbi fruit can be produced by the hydrolysis and fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhyzopus oryzae. Fermentation temperature variation used was 28 °C, 30 °C, 32 °C, 34 °C, 36 °C, 38 °C, 40 °C and distilled at a temperature of 78 C. The yield of bioethanol 66.02% (w/w ) obtained using Saccharomyces cerevisiae at a temperature of 36 °C while the same ratio used Rhyzopus oryzae produce bioethanol yield of 88.14% (w / w) at a temperature of 32 oC.Keywords: Bioethanol, Fruit Kumbi, hydrolysis, fermentation

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF THE TYPE OF ACID CATALYST AND TIME ON % YIELD OF BIOETHANOL FROM ELEPHANT GRASS (Pennistum Purpureum Schumach)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Netty - Herawati
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Cattle Feed ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
High Cellulose

Elephant gass is cattle feed that contains good nutrition. One of its uses is converted into an energy source in the form bioethanol, Elephant grass has a high cellulose content reaching 40,85%, therefore elephant grass has the potential to be used as raw material in manufacture of bioethanol through the process of acid hydrolysis and fermentation. In research on percent yield of bioethanol from elephant grass chemically carried out at fixed conditions : grass weight 100 gr, temperature 100oC, water 1 liter, H2SO4 30 ml, hydrolysis timw 2 hours and conditions change : fermentation time 4,6,8 (day), saccharomyces cerevisiae starter 7%, 9%, 11%, 13%, HCl and H2SO4 catalys. From the research on chemical bioethanol production from elephant grass we got the best percent yield at 6 days of fermentation, 11% saccharomyces cerevisiae, HCl catalys which was 17,30%Keywords: bioethanol, fermentation, elephant grass,

scholarly journals Utilization Of Tobacco Stem (Nicotiana tabaccum L) As Tray Egg Filler

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Andrew Setiawan Rusdianto ◽  
Winda Amilia ◽  
Fatma Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Pulp Fiber ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Tobacco Stem ◽  
Naoh Treatment ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
High Cellulose ◽  
Range Test

Generally only used the leaves of tobacco plants as raw material for cigarette and stems discarded as waste. The use of waste tobacco rod has the potential to be converted into primary packaging such as trays range chicken eggs because it has a high cellulose content. Tobacco rod contains a relatively high amount of cellulose, reaching 56.10 percent of dried tobacco stalks. The process is done in making pulp fiber or tobacco stem malalui process of alkali (NaOH) with specific concentration to produce pulp that is good. The use of NaOH aims to degrade lignin by means of partial overhaul of bond. The existence of lignin in the pulp generally unfavorable effect on the quality of pulp for fiber becomes rigid, Statistical data analysis using ANOVA If treatment showed differences do a further test using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at significance level of 5 percent. The data generated is the highest grammage at 5 percent NaOH treatment amounted to 201.1 g.m-2 and the lowest 15 percent NaOH treatment 132.8 g.m-2, the highest thickness of 5 percent NaOH treatment of 2.509 mm and the lowest 15percent NaOH treatment of 1,835 mm. The highest density of 5 percent NaOH treatment of 80.81 kg.m-3 and the lowest at 10 percent NaOH treatment of 57.61 kg.m-3. While the highest tensile resistance in the treatment of 10percent NaOH 76.27 N.m-1 and the lowest at 5 percent NaOH treatment is 45.82 N.m-1, the highest thickness of 5percent NaOH treatment of 2.509 mm and the lowest 15 percent NaOH treatment of 1,835 mm. The highest density of 5 percent NaOH treatment of 80.81 kg.m-3 and the lowest at 10 percent NaOH treatment of 57.61 kg.m-3. While the highest tensile resistance in the treatment of 10 percent NaOH 76.27 N.m-1 and the lowest at 5 percent NaOH treatment is 45.82 N.m-1, the highest thickness of 5 percent NaOH treatment of 2.509 mm and the lowest 15 percent NaOH treatment of 1,835 mm. The highest density of 5 percent NaOH treatment of 80.81 kg.m-3 and the lowest at 10 percent NaOH treatment of 57.61 kg.m-3. While the highest tensile resistance in the treatment of 10 percent NaOH 76.27 N/m and the lowest at 5 percent NaOH treatment is 45.82 N.m-1

scholarly journals PRODUKSI ENZIM SELULASE OLEH AKTINOMISET MENGGUNAKAN FROND SAGU

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Sumarni Nompo ◽  
Anja Meryandini ◽  
Titi Candra Sunarti
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Submerged Cultivation ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Cellulase Enzymes ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
High Cellulose

<p>Fround Sagu adalah pucuk batang sagu yang masih dibungkus oleh pelepah dan tidak diamnfaatkan oleh industri pengolahan sagu. Fround sagu memiliki kandungan serat dengan kandungan selulosa yang tinggi serta berpotensi dijadikan bahan baku untuk produksi selulase. Enzim selulase diproduksi melalui kultivasi substrat cair frond sagu oleh Aktinomiset. Subtart berupa tepung sagu dan ampas frond sagu, diinokulasi oleh isolat HJ4 (3b) dan HJ5 (4b). Kedua isolat diremajakan dalam medium ISP-4 selama 5 hari, kemudian diinokulasikan ke dalam media tepung frond sagu dan ampas frond dan diinkubasi dalam shaker pada suhu runag selama 9 hari. Kedua isolat Aktinomiset mampu menghasilkan enzim selulase pada kedua substrat dan metode kultivasi. Isolat HJ4 (3b) dan HJ4 (5b) pada perlakuan kultivasi substrat padat ampas frond sagu menghasilkan aktivitas spesifik yaitu endoglukase (CMCase) tertinggi yaitu 0.314 U mg-1 dan 0.294 U mg-1 dan aktivitas spesifik enzim eksoglukanase (FPase) yaitu 0.269 U mg-1 dan 0.258 U mg-1, sedangkan pada perlakuan kultivasi substat padat menggunakan tepung frond sagu dihasilkan aktivitas spesifik endoglukanase masing-masing sebesar 0.258 U mg-1 dan 0.254 U mg-1 serta aktivitas spesifik eksoglukanase 0.205 U mg-1 dan 0.198 U mg-1.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Production of Cellulase Enzyme by Actinomycet Using Sago Frond</strong></p><p>Sago frond is the upper part of sago trunk which is still wrapped by leaflet, and is not used by the sago processing industry. Sago frond contains fiber with high cellulose content that could potentially be used by as raw material for cellulase production. Cellulase enzymes were produced through both solid-state and submerged cultivation of sago frond by Actinomicycetes. Two substrates, sago frond flour and pulp of sago fronds, were inoculated by isolate HJ4 (3b) and HJ4 (5b). Both isolates were rejuvenated in Sp-4 medium for 5 days, then were inoculated into substrate of frond flour and hampas, and were incubated in a shaker at room temperature for 9 days. Both Actinomycetes isolates were able to produce cellulase enzymes by using both substrates and cultivation methods. The isolates of HJ4 (3b) and HJ4 (5b) by using pulp and solid-state cultivation produced the highest endoglucanase (CMCase) specific activity of 0.294 U mg-1 and 0.276 U mg-1 and exoglucanase (FPase) substrate specific activity os 0.252 U mg-1 and 0.241 U mg-1, while in the solid-state cultivation and by using sago fronds flour resulted in specific endoglucanase activities which were 0.242 U mg-1 and 0.238 U mg-1 and exoglucanase specific activities 0.192 U mg-1 and 0.185 U mg-1, respectively.</p>

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Jerami Padi (Oryza Sativa L.) Sebagai Bahan Baku Dalam Pembuatan CMC (Carboximetil Cellulose)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
RIZKA NURLAILA
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
High Cellulose

Rice straw is a waste from rice plants that contains 37.71% cellulose, 21.99% hemicellulose, and 16.62% lignin. High cellulose content in rice straw can be used as raw material for the manufacture of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC). CMC is a cellulose derivative widely used in food, pharmaceutical, detergent, textile and cosmetic products industries as a thickener, stabilizer of emulsions, or suspensions and bonding. This study aims to process rice straw waste into CMC with variations in sodium monochloroacetate of 5,6,7,8 and 9 grams. The method used in this research is by synthesis using 15% NaOH solvent, with a reaction time of 3.5 hours and 5 grams of rice straw. The results showed that the best CMC was obtained at a concentration of 9 grams of sodium monochloroacete with a yield characterization of 94%, pH 6, water content of 13.39%, degree of substitution (Ds) of 0.80, and viscosity of 1.265 cP.

scholarly journals Production of antipollutant mask with bamboo based carbon activated using H3PO4 and K2CO3

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 03041
Author(s):  
Mahmud Sudibandriyo ◽  
Shobrun Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Gas Mask ◽  
Safety Limit ◽  
High Cellulose

The increase of developing countries’ economic level has led to increase in air pollution problem. This research aims to make activated carbon based gas mask filter that was prepared from bamboo scraps by the combined activation using H3PO4 and K2CO3.Bamboo was selected as raw material because of its abundant availability and high cellulose content (42.4-53.6%).Dip coating was conducted to coat activated carbon on the surface layer of mask by adding TEOS compound.Furthermore, adsorption capacity of activated carbon was tested using compartment by flowing air containing CO and CO2 for one hour. The results of the characterization shows that the iodine number of the activated carbon produced reaches 916.3 mg/g with BET surface area of 465.2 m2/g. SEM-EDX analysis shows that the carbon content is 74.83%wt.Adsorption capacity of activated carbon was tested using compartment by flowing air containing pollutant gas and compressed air for one hour. The results indicate that the maximum number of moles CO2 adsorbed is 4.8 mmol/g with 7 hour saturated time,while adsorption capacity of CO measured in 1 hour test is 0.103 mmol/g. Therefore, activated carbon has met the standards and can be applied for gas mask filter to eliminate CO and CO2 until below safety limit concentration.

scholarly journals Improved Glucose Recovery from Sicyos angulatus by NaOH Pretreatment and Application to Bioethanol Production

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Hyung-Eun An ◽  
Kang Hyun Lee ◽  
Ye Won Jang ◽  
Chang-Bae Kim ◽  
Hah Young Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Naoh Pretreatment ◽  
Glucose Recovery ◽  
Harmful Species

As greenhouse gases and environmental pollution become serious, the demand for alternative energy such as bioethanol has rapidly increased, and a large supply of biomass is required for bioenergy production. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant on the planet and a large part of it, the second-generation biomass, has the advantage of not being a food resource. In this study, Sicyos angulatus, known as an invasive plant (harmful) species, was used as a raw material for bioethanol production. In order to improve enzymatic hydrolysis, S. angulatus was pretreated with different NaOH concentration at 121 °C for 10 min. The optimal NaOH concentration for the pretreatment was determined to be 2% (w/w), and the glucan content (GC) and enzymatic digestibility (ED) were 46.7% and 55.3%, respectively. Through NaOH pretreatment, the GC and ED of S. angulatus were improved by 2.4-fold and 2.5-fold, respectively, compared to the control (untreated S. angulatus). The hydrolysates from S. angulatus were applied to a medium for bioethanol fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae K35. Finally, the maximum ethanol production was found to be 41.3 g based on 1000 g S. angulatus, which was 2.4-fold improved than the control group.

scholarly journals Assessment of Pellets from Three Forest Species: From Raw Material to End Use

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Miguel Alfonso Quiñones-Reveles ◽  
Víctor Manuel Ruiz-García ◽  
Sarai Ramos-Vargas ◽  
Benedicto Vargas-Larreta ◽  
Omar Masera-Cerutti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
End Use ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the relationship between chemical properties, energy efficiency, and emissions of wood and pellets from madroño Arbutus xalapensis Kunth, tázcate Juniperus deppeana Steud, and encino colorado Quercus sideroxyla Humb. & Bonpl. in two gasifiers (top-lit-up-draft (T-LUD) and electricity generation wood camp stove (EGWCS)) in order to determine the reduction of footprint carbon. In accordance with conventional methodologies, we determined the extracts and chemical components (lignin, cellulose, holocellulose), and the immediate analyses were carried out (volatile materials, fixed carbon, ash content and microanalysis of said ash), as well as the evaluation of emission factors (total suspended particulate matter (PM2.5), CO, CO2, CH4, black carbon (BC), elemental carbon (EC), and organic carbon (OC)). The results were statistically analyzed to compare each variable among species and gasifiers. The raw material analyzed showed how the pH ranged from 5.01 to 5.57, and the ash content ranged between 0.39 and 0.53%. The content values of Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg, and Ca ranged from 0.08 to 0.22, 0.18 to 0.19, 0.38 to 0.84, 1.75 to 1.90, and 3.62 to 3.74 mg kg−1, respectively. The extractive ranges from cyclohexane were 2.48–4.79%, acetone 2.42–4.08%, methanol 3.17–7.99%, and hot water 2.12–4.83%. The range of lignin was 18.08–28.60%. The cellulose content ranged from 43.30 to 53.90%, and holocellulose from 53.50 to 64.02%. The volatile material range was 81.2–87.42%, while fixed carbon was 11.30–17.48%; the higher heating value (HHV) of raw material and pellets presented the ranges 17.68–20.21 and 19.72–21.81 MJ kg−1, respectively. Thermal efficiency showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between pellets and gasifiers, with an average of 31% Tier 3 in ISO (International Organization for Standardization) for the T-LUD and 14% (ISO Tier 1) for EGWCS, with Arbutus xalapensis being the species with the highest energy yield. The use of improved combustion devices, as well as that of selected raw material species, can reduce the impact of global warming by up to 33% on a cooking task compared to the three-stone burner.

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature on the Meiotic Recombination Landscape of the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

mBio ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Xue-Chang Wu ◽  
Dao-Qiong Zheng ◽  
Thomas D. Petes
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Gene Conversion ◽  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Dna Breaks ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Recombination Hot Spots ◽  
In Cells

ABSTRACT Although meiosis in warm-blooded organisms takes place in a narrow temperature range, meiosis in many organisms occurs over a wide variety of temperatures. We analyzed the properties of meiosis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in cells sporulated at 14°C, 30°C, or 37°C. Using comparative-genomic-hybridization microarrays, we examined the distribution of Spo11-generated meiosis-specific double-stranded DNA breaks throughout the genome. Although there were between 300 and 400 regions of the genome with high levels of recombination (hot spots) observed at each temperature, only about 20% of these hot spots were found to have occurred independently of the temperature. In S. cerevisiae , regions near the telomeres and centromeres tend to have low levels of meiotic recombination. This tendency was observed in cells sporulated at 14°C and 30°C, but not at 37°C. Thus, the temperature of sporulation in yeast affects some global property of chromosome structure relevant to meiotic recombination. Using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-specific whole-genome microarrays, we also examined crossovers and their associated gene conversion events as well as gene conversion events that were unassociated with crossovers in all four spores of tetrads obtained by sporulation of diploids at 14°C, 30°C, or 37°C. Although tetrads from cells sporulated at 30°C had slightly (20%) more crossovers than those derived from cells sporulated at the other two temperatures, spore viability was good at all three temperatures. Thus, despite temperature-induced variation in the genetic maps, yeast cells produce viable haploid products at a wide variety of sporulation temperatures. IMPORTANCE In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , recombination is usually studied in cells that undergo meiosis at 25°C or 30°C. In a genome-wide analysis, we showed that the locations of genomic regions with high and low levels of meiotic recombination (hot spots and cold spots, respectively) differed dramatically in cells sporulated at 14°C, 30°C, and 37°C. Thus, in yeast, and likely in other non-warm-blooded organisms, genetic maps are strongly affected by the environment.

TABLE 3 Major Commercial Fermentation Conditions for Cereal Foods Fermentation conditions Bread Beer Whiskey Soy sauce Miso Main starters Baker's yeast Brewer's yeast Distillery yeast Molds Molds (Saccharomyces (Saccharomyces (Saccharomyces (Aspergillus spp.) (Aspergillus spp.) cerevisiae) cerevisiae) cerevisiae) Saccharomyces rouxii Lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus delbrueckii Cereals Milled wheat Barley (malted) Corn Soybeans (defatted) Rice Milled rye Sorghum Rye (malted or not) Wheat Barley Minor: Minor: Barley (malted) Minor: Soybeans Barley (malted) Corn Wheat Barley flour Wheat (malted) Rice Wheat Other ingredients Water Water Water Water Salt Salt Hops Salt Hot pepper Sugar Adjuncts Fat (corn syrup, sugar Emulsifiers or starch) Dough strengtheners Preservatives Enzymes Fermentation 1-6h2-10 days 2-3 days (Koji: 3 days at 30°C) (Koji: 2 days at 30°C) conditions 20-42°C 3-24°C 32-35°C 3-12 months 2 days to 1 year Aging: Aging: 15-30°C 30-50°C 3 days-1 month 2-3 years or more 0-13°C 21-30°C baker's yeast is probably the most common of these microorganisms that may be a problem are bacteria (usual-starters; it is commercially produced in liquid, paste (com-ly spore-forming or lactic acid bacteria, especially in some pressed), or dry form. Recently, commercial lactic acid yeast fermentations), wild yeasts, and molds. bacteria starters have been introduced for cereal fermenta-Several spore-forming bacteria (e.g., Bacillus spp.) may tions, but this application is less frequent than their regular produce amylases and degrade hydrated starchy materials. use in dairy or meat fermentations. A close control of the In bread, heat-tolerant spores of Bacillus subtilis (formerly performance of commercial starters is important, since it Bacillus mesentericus) survive the baking process; after a has a major effect on the final products. few days in bread, they produce a spoilage called ropiness, characterized by yellow spots on crumb, putrid pineapple aroma, and stringiness when breaking a piece of bread. The spores of these species, when contaminating flour, may Considering the diversity of the microbial flora that may cause a major problem in bakeries since they are highly re-be present in cereals to be fermented, undesirable microor-sistant in the environment and difficult to eliminate. How-ganisms are likely to be part of this flora and may produce ever, these bacterial infections have become rare in recent problems in the main fermentation process with subse-years, presumably due to improved sanitation. In beer, un-quent adverse effects on the final product. Nowadays these desirable microbial contamination is exhibited by viscosity, problems are lessened by good sanitary practices. Sources appearance, as well as aroma and flavor problems. of these organisms may be the cereals themselves, soil, as Microbial pathogens are usually not a problem for fer-well as any particular ingredient, surface contamination, mented cereals because of the inhibition brought about by and unsanitary handling. acids and ethanol generated by fermenting organisms. A Table 4 summarizes microbial problems likely to occur large proportion of fermented cereals are also eaten shortly during major cereal fermentations. In general, undesirable after complete cooking. However, the biggest problem

2000 ◽  
pp. 765-770
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Baker’S Yeast ◽  
Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Baker's Yeast ◽  
Fermentation Conditions ◽  
C 32 ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Water Water Water

scholarly journals pH of exudate test in the physiological quality of crambe seeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1014-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charline Zaratin Alves ◽  
Lennis Afraire Rodrigues ◽  
Carlos Henrique Queiroz Rego ◽  
Josué Bispo da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
C 30

ABSTRACT: Crambe is a rapeseed with high oil content and can be used as a winter cover or as a source of raw material for the production of biodiesel, however espite the growing interest in the culture, research on the subject is still incipient, especially concerning the seed production and analysis technology. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the physiological quality of crambe seeds, 'FMS Brilhante' cultivar, by testing the pH of exudate. Five seed lots were submitted to the determination of water content and the tests of germination and vigor (first count, emergence and tetrazolium). In the conduction of pH exudate test, temperatures (25 and 30oC), and periods of seed imbibition in water (15, 30 and 45 minutes) were tested. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized manner, with four replicates, and the mean values were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability; Pearson correlation between the pH of the exudate and initial tests was also made. Testing the pH of exudate is promising for separating lots of crambe seeds and the following combinations of 25°C/30 minutes or 30°C/45 minutes can be used.

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