scholarly journals The effect of Ocimum basilicum and Cuminum cyminum seeds on the weight gain and rumen activity and fermentation in Awassi rams

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-113
Author(s):  
Tamara N. Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cuminum Cyminum ◽  
The Third ◽  
Animal Farm

     This study was carried out at Animal Farm, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad University from April up to July 2013. The animals were fed on concentrate diet and freely grazed for 3-6 hours/ day at College Field, rams were used in a Latin square design (4*4) and trans located biweekly intervals, respectively to different concentrate diets, the first diet 2% of the body weight which was free from any addition  and considered as a control, the second diet was contain 3% Cuminum cyminum seeds (CU), while the third diet was contain 3% of Ocimum basilicom seeds (B) and the fourth concentrated diet was contain 1.5% of Cuminum cyminum and 1.5% Ocimum basilicom seeds (CU+B). Results revealed that there was significant (P<0.05) difference existed during the first two periods in the body gain compared with other periods, pH of rumen liquor of the control group 6.00±0.24 showed significantly (P<0.05) higher than all other animals during all periods 5.42±0.095, 5.40±0.14 and 5.65±0.11, while the volatile fatty acids were significantly lower in the control animal 8.25±0.75 compared with other animals, ammonia concentration in the rumen liquor, showed higher significant (P<0.05) difference 9.33±0.13 and 9.60±0.43 respectively in the third and fourth period than first period 7.52±0.28, on the other hand bacterial count of the control group was significantly (P<0.05) lower than other groups.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary energy and nitrogen supplements on rumen fermentation and protozoa population in buffalo and zebu cattle

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Franzolin ◽  
Fabrício Pini Rosales ◽  
Weber Vilas Bôas Soares
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Level ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Rumen Protozoa ◽  
Citrus Pulp

The effects were assessed of two energy sources in concentrate (ground grain corn vs. citrus pulp) and two nitrogen sources (soybean meal vs. urea) on rumen metabolism in four buffaloes and four zebu cattle (Nellore) with rumen cannula and fed in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with feeds containing 60% sugar cane. Energy supplements had no effect on the rumen ammonia concentration in cattle, but ground grain corn promoted higher ammonia level than citrus pulp in buffalo. Urea produced higher ammonia level than soybean meal in both animal species. On average, the buffaloes maintained a lower rumen ammonia concentration (11.7 mg/dL) than the cattle (14.5 mg/dL). Buffaloes had lower production of acetic acid than cattle (58.7 vs. 61.6 mol/100 mol) and higher of propionic acid (27.4 vs. 23.6 mol/100 mol). There was no difference in the butyric acid production between the buffaloes (13.6 mol/100 mol) and cattle (14.8 mol/100 mol) and neither in the total volatile fatty acids concentration (82.5 vs. 83.6 mM, respectively). The energy or nitrogen sources had no effect on rumen protozoa count in either animal species. The zebu cattle had higher rumen protozoa population (8.8 × 10(5)/mL) than the buffaloes (6.1 × 10(5)/mL). The rumen protozoa population differed between the animal species, except for Dasytricha and Charonina. The buffaloes had a lower Entodinium population than the cattle (61.0 vs 84.9%, respectively) and a greater percentage of species belonging to the Diplodiniinae subfamily than the cattle (28.6 vs. 1.4%, respectively). In cattle, ground corn is a better energy source than citrus pulp for use by Entodinium and Diplodiniinae. In the buffaloes, the Entodinium are favored by urea and Diplodiniinae species by soybean meal.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SILICON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES ON BROILER CHICKEN

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Vladimir Nikulin ◽  
Aleksandra Mustafina
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of the study is to increase the productive qualities of broiler chickens by including ultrafine silicon oxide into main diet. During the experiment, the biological effect of ultrafine silicon oxide on broiler chickens was estab-lished. Use of ultrafine SiO2 particles for poultry feeding contributed to an increase in the number of red blood cells and content of total protein and albumins. By the end of the experiment, the number of red blood cells in birds in-creased by 17.43% (P≤0.001) – in the blood of birds of the first experimental group, 16.51% (P≤0.01) – the second one, 20.80% (P≤0.001) – the third experimental and 21.71% (P≤0.001) – the fourth experimental group, compared with the indicator of the control group. The amount of total protein in blood serum of chickens of the first and the second experimental groups increased by 1.36-1.39 %, in the third and fourth ones there was a significant (P≤0.05) increase by 5.45 and 3.05%, respectively. The blood glucose content of chickens in the experimental groups is higher by 8.04-23.65% compared to this indicator with ones in the control group. During the experiment feed con-sumption per 1 kg gain of live weight decreased: in the first experimental group by 3.00 % in the second by – 0.50 %, the third – 6.00 % the fourth– by 4.50 %, compared to this with the control group. The chicken’s vibrancy of the first the experimental group was higher by 4.77 %, the second – by 6.20 %, the third – by 19.25 % and the fourth– by 11.59% than in the control one. Consequently, when converting the feed energy into the body energy of a broiler chicken, the energy conversion coefficient of the experimental group of poultry is higher than that of the control one by 7.16-21.76 %. Thus, the most optimal dose for further research was determined.

scholarly journals Effect of Leaf Syzygium aromaticum on Lymphocytes and Macrophages Mice Balb/c

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Syahran Wael ◽  
Theopilus Wilhelmus Watuguly ◽  
Didik Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Proliferation Of Lymphocytes

Syzygium aromaticum as an immunomodulator contains main active compound eugenol which is able to stimulate lymphocyte proliferation and the production of macrophages. Lymphocytes have a very important role to provide protection in the body against infection. This study aims to prove the effects of extract Syzygium aromaticum leaf against increased proliferation of lymphocytes, lymphoblast and macrophages of mice Balb/c of induced Salmonella typhimurium. The method used in this study was experimental with post test only control group. Mice Balb/c were divided into 4 groups as a control group and treatment induced of Salmonella typhimurium. The first treatment group were administrated extracts of 15mg /kgbw, the second treatment 75mg/kgbw, the third treatment of 150mg/kgbw for 12days. ANOVA test showed a significant difference in lymphocyte proliferation but not lymphoblast and macrophages.

scholarly journals Influence of Glutamine and Glutamate Supplementation in the Blood Levels of Horses

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Emília Cavalcanti da Costa Cordeiro Manso ◽  
Deyvson Ferreira De Oliveira ◽  
Monica Miranda Hunka ◽  
Hélio Cordeiro Manso Filho
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Glutamine Metabolism ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Total Plasma Protein

Background: The most abundant free amino acid in mammals is glutamine (GLN). Little research has focused on GLN supplementation for horses, but GLN levels in this species are known to decline after exercise and during lactation. Under physiological conditions, the body produces Gln in sufficient quantities for general metabolism, and a small part of this amino acid comes from dietary protein. Little research has so far focused on equine dietary supplementation with free glutamine or combined with other amino acids during catabolic states or in highly stressful situations. This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of equine dietary supplementation using a combination of glutamine and glutamate.  Materials, Methods & Results: The study involved four Arabian mares, not in training (~380 kg; ~12 years old) and four treatments (control, and inclusions of 1, 2 and 4% of GLN+GLU) in a Latin square model. A 7-day washout period was established between each phase. Fifty percent of the mares’ maintenance energy requirements came from concentrate and 50% from hay and grazing. The other 50% came from Tifton hay (Cynodon dactylon), which was supplied ad libitum. After 7 weeks of nutritional supplementation (once a day, in the morning). In the experimental model, the mares were distributed in a Latin square design comprised of four treatments: control (without inclusion) and inclusions of 1%, 2% and 4% of supplement (AminoGut®, Ajinomoto do Brazil), and four animals. Blood was collected in five stages (fasting, and 60, 120, 240 and 360 min after feeding) in each treatment. The blood samples were analyzed to determine GLN, GLU, urea, creatinine, uric acid, total plasma protein, hematocrit and glucose levels. Glutamine and Glutamate concentrations were analyzed using the enzymatic spectrophotometric method. The results were analyzed statistically using one- and two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test with P set at 5%. The results indicated that GLN differed in both the group (P < 0.001) and between the phases of supplementation (P < 0.001), but no interaction occurred between them (P > 0.05). Significant changes in GLN levels were also observed in the 4% inclusion treatment compared to all the treatments in the fasting phase and in the + 60 min and +240 min phases of the control group (P < 0.05). All the other biomarkers analyzed here were unchanged (Glutamate, Urea, Creatinine, Urea, TPP, Glucose and Hematocrit) (P > 0.05) during the period under analysis, and remained within the normal range for the species in their current stabling conditions. The mares presented no clinical problems nor did they change their feeding behavior during the supplementation period or on the days blood was collected.Discussion: Glutamine metabolism in horses has yet to be extensively studied.  However, it has been shown that, when supplied to horses in its free form, this amino acid causes Gln levels to rise rapidly within the first 90 min of the postprandial period.  This indicates that an extra amount of this amino acid may increase Gln blood levels despite intense degradation of enterocytes. This study found that supplementation with a combination of Gln+Glu can increase blood Gln levels after 6 h in the treatment involving 4% Gln+Glu included in the concentrate (P < 0.05) In conclusion, supplementation with GLN+GLU raised the mares’ GLN levels after 360 min when 4% of GLN+GLU was included in their diet. These results may be used to establish GLN supplementation models for horses. 

scholarly journals Perfil hematobioquímico e produção de leite de vacas mestiças Girolando suplementadas com resíduo de caju desidratado

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 3329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leison Rocha Bezerra ◽  
Ricardo Loiola Edvan ◽  
Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira ◽  
Aderbal Marcos de Azevedo Silva ◽  
Geraldo Fábio Viana Bayão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Levels

<p>This paper aims to evaluate the influence of different levels of supplemental product-dehydrated cashew in the feed for crossbred Girolando cows on milk production and hemato-biochemical profile. The experiments were conducted using eight cows that were randomly distributed in a Latin square design (4×4), in which treatments consisted of four supplementation levels with product-dehydrated cashew (PDC) in animal diets, namely: 0% PDC (control diet), 1.0 kg of DCP, 1.5 kg of PDC and 2.0 kg of PDC in total dry matter . The milk and animals were weighed and the body condition of the animals were evaluated within seven days of milk collection during each experimental period. To determine the serum biochemistry and blood count of cows, three blood samples were taken in each period, at 7, 14 and 21 days before the daily supply of supplementation with samples collected from 5 ml of blood by puncturing the jugular vein. Supplementation with 2 kg of PDC reduced milk production and the levels of glucose and total plasma protein compared to the control group, due to the higher level of tannin in this group. Supplementation with PDC raised the total count of the erythrocytes, reduced the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and non-changed number of leukocytes. Increased levels of phenolic compounds in the diet inhibited the absorption of dietary proteins, which decreased milk production.</p>

Significance of integral hematological indexes for predicting postoperative wound healing in the experiment

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
А.А. Супильников ◽  
В.Н. Шабалин
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wound Healing Process ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group A ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
White Mongrel

Цель исследования - оценка возможности использования интегральных гематологических индексов для выбора оптимальной модели ушивания послеоперационных ран в эксперименте. Методика. Исследование проводили на 297 белых беспородных крысах-самцах массой 190-210 г, которые были разделены на 3 группы, по 99 крыс в каждой. Одна группа являлась контрольной, у второй группы крыс был смоделирован раневой процесс с натяжением брюшной стенки; у третьей группы животных - модель раневого процесса с применением трансплантата нанокомпозитного материала. Определяли следующие интегральные гематологические индексы: индекс Кребса; коэффициент Бредекка; лейкоцитарный индекс; индекс соотношения нейтрофилов и моноцитов; индекс соотношения лимфоцитов и моноцитов; индекс соотношения лимфоцитов и эозинофилов; коэффициент отношения альбуминов к глобулинам; оксипролиновый коэффициент. Результаты. Установлены статистически значимые колебания показателей интегральных гематологических индексов в динамике заживления послеоперационной раны у крыс. Заключение. На основе полученных результатов был сделан вывод, что особенности динамики интегральных гематологических индексов, выявленные на различных моделях раневого процесса, отражают неспецифические и специфические защитные реакции организма в целом, позволяют делать прогноз дальнейшего течения и исхода раневого процесса, а также обеспечивают возможность выбора оптимальной модели ушивания послеоперационной раны. The article presents results of predicting the wound healing process using integral hematological indexes. The aim of the study was to describe the dynamics of integral hematological indexes of wound healing process in rats to predict its outcome. The study included 297 white mongrel male rats weighing 190-210 g, which were divided into three groups, 99 rats in each. One group was a control group; in the second group, a wound healing process with abdominal wall tension was modeled; in the third group, a wound healing process with a graft was modeled. The following integrated hematological indexes were determined: Krebs index; Bredeck index; leukocyte index; neutrophil/monocyte ratio; lymphocyte/monocyte ratio; lymphocyte/eosinophil ratio; albumin/globulin ratio; and oxyproline coefficient. The study showed that changes in values of integral hematological indexes were mostly statistically and clinically significant. We concluded that changes in integral hematological indexes in different models of wound healing reflect nonspecific and specific protective responses of the body as a whole and allow to predict further course and outcome of the wound healing process.

Effect of supplementation with different proportions of barley grain or citrus pulp on the digestive utilization of ammonia-treated straw by sheep

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Barrios-Urdanetat ◽  
M. Fondevila ◽  
C. Castrillo
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Citrus Pulp ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Dietary Treatments

AbstractThe effect of carbohydrate supplementation on rumen utilization of ammonia-treated straw was studied in four rumen-cannulated ewes (42•0 (s.e. 2•80) kg live weight) in a Latin-square design. Diets were a 50: 50 mixture of ammoniated barley straw and a concentrate made up with different ratios of barley grain and citrus pulp, namely M1 (100: 0), M2 (66: 33), M3 (33: 66) and M4 (0: 100). Concentrates also included soya-bean meal and urea to make diets isonitrogenous. Diets were given in one meal in the morning at 0•8 kg/day. There were no significant differences among treatments in daily weighted means of rumen pH and concentration of volatile fatty acids. Acetate, propionate and butyrate molar proportions were not different among treatments, but proportions of isobutyrate (P < 0•05) and isovalerate (P < 0•10) were higher for M1 and M2. Ammonia concentration immediately before feeding was lower (P < 0•05) for M3 and M4 (72•1 and 51•3 mg/l) than for M1 and M2 (97•0 and 107•9 mg/ l). Total rumen bacterial concentration was higher (P < 0•05) with the highest barley proportion, whereas enzymatic activity against structural carbohydrates of particle-associated bacteria did not differ significantly among treatments. Digestibility of neutral-detergent fibre increased (P < 0•05) with the increase in the proportion of citrus pulp in the concentrate (0•647, 0•674, 0•684 and 0•693 for M1, M2, M3 and M4; s.e. = 0•0086). Urinary excretion of purine derivatives decreased linearly (P < 0•05) as the proportion of citrus pulp in the diet increased, while faecal excretion of purine bases was not significantly affected by dietary treatments.

scholarly journals Intensity of growth of calves of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed in colostrum and milk periods while feeding them with pyridoxine hydrochloride

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (90) ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
O. V. Yaremko ◽  
R. A. Peleno
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Scar Formation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride ◽  
Group V ◽  
The Third ◽  
Daily Increments ◽  
Experimental Group

The effect of pyridoxine hydrochloride on the body mass of animals, absolute and average daily increment, relative growth rate, growth factor of live weight and multiplicity of increase in live weight of calves in the early stages of postnatal ontogenesis were studied. For the experiment, six groups of one-day calves (control and five experimental) were formed, with 5 animals in each, which, in addition to the main diet (MD), fed pyridoxine hydrochloride in different doses, according to the scheme: control group – MD, I experimental group – MD + 1 mg/kg g. m pyridoxine hydrochloride, II – MD + 2 mg/kg g. m of the preparation, ІІІ – MD + 3 mg/kg of w. m., IV – MD + 4 mg/kg g. m and V experimental group – MD + 5 mg/kg g. m pyridoxine hydrochloride. Conditionally, the research was divided into four periods: colostrum – from birth and up to 5 days, until the formation of digestion – from 5 to 21 days, the period of the formation of digestion scar – from 21 to 60 days and the end of the milk period – from 60 to 90 days. It was established that feeding to calves with pyridoxine hydrochloride resulted in an increase in the live weight of 60 days of calves by 5.9% in the second group (P < 0.05), by 8.7% in the third group, by 8.3% in IV and 9.2% in V groups (P < 0.001) and for 90 days it was higher by 9.3%, 9.1%, 9.2% and 9.1% respectively (P < 0.05). The highest average daily increments were in the colostrum period in calves IV and V groups, which were added to the main diet, respectively, 4 and 5 mg/kg b.w. pyridoxine hydrochloride, in the period prior to the formation of digestion scar in calves of group IV, in the period of the formation of digestion scar in calves of the III group and at the end of the milking period in calves of group V. Absolute incresements of calves in the colostrum period and the period prior to the formation of digestion scar were the highest in calves of Group IV and the difference in control was respectively 0.34 and 1.05 kg. During the period of the digestion scar formation and the end of the milk period, the highest absolute increases were in calves of group V, which was added to the main ration of 5 mg/kg b.w. pyridoxine hydrochloride. The highest increase in body weight of calves in colostric period and prior to the operation scar rate was in group IV, the period of digestion scar formation was in the third group and during the completion period of milk in the second group of calves. In colostric period the increase of live weight was higher in calves III, IV and V groups of 5 to 21 days in calves of group IV, from 21 to 60 days in the third group and during the completion period of milk in the second group of calves.

scholarly journals Physical Exercises By Giving Glutathione for Changes of Leukocytes, Neutrophils, and Lymphocytes Amounts

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Tuty Yanuarti ◽  
Sugiharto Sugiharto
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Profile Measurement ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
The Third ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Age Range

Physical exercise changes the antibody endurance of each person. This study aims to determine in depth changes in the number of leukocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes using physical exercise after being given glutathione. The method used experimentally using a posttest randomized control group design. The study was conducted in three groups where each group consisting of men and women who are in the age range of 20-30 years. Each group consisted of 10 people (n), K1 was given a placebo, K2 was given glutathione 54 mg / kg BW, K3 given 108 mg / kg BW. All treatments are given intraperitoneally twice a day until the third day. Maximum physical exercise is swimming. On the third day after 3 hours of treatment (placebo or glutathione), then participants take a leukocyte profile measurement. The findings show that the number of leukocytes: K2> K1; P = 0.005; K2 - K3; P = 0.168; - K3; P 0.105, neutrophils: Kl, K2 and K3 are not different, even though K2 is highest, lymphocyte: K2> K1; P = 0.003, K1 - K3 and K2 - K3 is not different even though K2 is highest. The conclusion of this study is the number of leukocytes and lymphocytes treated with glutathione 54 mg / kg BW (K2) is significantly higher than K1 after strenuous physical exercise. Thus, the content of glutathione must be balanced with the body’s needs so that the body is healthy and is able to do the heavy activities.

scholarly journals Pilot study on the evaluation of the effectiveness of psychocorrection methods that include EEG-training and VR headset in athletes involved in extreme kinds of sports

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
V. I. Pustovoit ◽  
S. E. Nazaryan ◽  
E. Ya. Adoeva ◽  
M. S. Klyuchnikov ◽  
N. A. Kirichenco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Quantitative Criterion ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
The Third ◽  
Psychoemotional State ◽  
The Brain

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of psychocorrection based on the methods of self­regulation in athletes.Materials and methods: the effectiveness was evaluated on 104 male athletes who had an optimal level of psychoemotional state of the body during a background examination by electroencephalography (EEG). The subjects were randomly assigned to three groups of psychocorrection: control, EEGtraining, and VR­therapy. Mathematical and statistical processing was carried out in Statistica 7.Results: the average values of the wave intensity index (WII) after psychological correction using the following methods: EEG­training and VRtherapy showed positive EEG dynamics in athletes of the second group (EEG­training) 65,6 % (21) and the third group (Vr­therapy) 73,8 % (31) of the subjects, respectively. Whereas in the control group, self­healing was recorded in 9 (30 %) athletes without psychocorrection procedures.Conclusion: the quantitative criterion of WII is a universal informative indicator of the functional activity of the brain for evaluating the effectiveness of psychocorrection aimed at optimizing the psychoemotional state. Psychocorrection of athletes using EEG­training and VR­therapy provides efficiency in 73.8 and 65.6 % of cases, which significantly softens pre­start tension as a result of reducing anxiety and restoring the psychoemotional state of the body to an optimal level by involving the psychological reserve.

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