QUALITY PARAMETERS OF THE FRUITS OF NEW CHERRIES VARIETIES

Author(s):  
Т. G. Prichko ◽  
Е. М. Alekhina

The paper presents the main results of many years of work in FEDERAL state budgetary scientific institution "North-Caucasian zonal research Institute of horticulture and viticulture" on formation of perspective the assortment of sweet cherry in the South of Russia. widely spread in all zones of fruit growing of Krasnodar region and is very popular among the population. At the present stage of development of horticulture the main objective for plant breeders when they create new varieties is to increase the marketability of fruits – selection of large-fruited varieties, featuring an attractive, high-quality fruits with high content in fruits of vitamins and biologically active compounds. New sweet cherry varieties with a high commodity and consumer qualities of fruit, and are characterized by high potential productivity, annual productivity, a high resistance to the most harmful diseases. Using various methods of breeding new varieties of different ripening from early to late, that guarantees the possibility of production of fruits of sweet cherry varieties of different ripening in the gardens of the southern region of Russia. Positive characteristics of the new varieties offer a reliable guarantee of their implementation in the industrial gardens. The description of the zoned and perspective grades of a sweet cherry breeding Institute various ripening: adapted to the conditions of the southern region: the Caucasus improved, Madonna, Caucasian, Sasha, Morning Kuban, Velvet, Witch, Black eyes, Clear sun, the South, the Contrast of the red girl, scarlet, poppy, Radiant.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 476-481
Author(s):  
Margareta Corneanu ◽  
Iuliana Elena Golache ◽  
Elena Iurea ◽  
Iulia Mineață ◽  
Sorina Sîrbu

The soil and climate conditions in Romanian Northeastern area are favorable for cherry cultivation, but some times can occurred some calamities. The paper presents a study which during 2020 at the Research Station for Fruit Growing (N-E of Romania), using five sweet cherry genotypes as research material: ‘Van’, ‘Croma’, ‘Elaiași’, ‘HC920402’, ‘HC930208’. Observations and determinations were performed in regards to the frostdamages, the main growing and phenological stages and the physical and chemical traits of the fruit. The phenological stages were evaluated for beginning of flowering and fruit ripening (expressed in growing degree-days, GDD). For these sweet cherry cultivars, the highest values concerning the fruit’s weight have been recorded for ‘Elaiași’ (9.15 g) and ‘HC920402’ (7.7 g), while fruit’s equatorial diameter have ranged between 23.21 mm and 25.16 mm. The content of soluble dry solids (SDS) was between 14.6 and 20.2 °Brix. The proposed objective aims at introducing in the assortment the new varieties with quality fruits and their resistance to cracking, with ripening time at the extremities of the sweet cherry season.


Author(s):  
A.M. Shkinder-Barmina

Aim. To form and study the gene pool cherry collection and to select varieties -sources with highly expressed valuable economic and biological characteristics for breeding. Result and Discussion. Having studied varieties, we identified sources of valuable economic and biological characteristics: winter hardiness of generative buds, resistance of flower buds to freezing during late spring, field resistance to monilial burn and coccomycosis, crown compactness, self-fertility, early maturity, large fruits, high fruit palatability, early ripening of fruits, and high productivity. Among the identified 60 varieties-sources of individual valuable characteristics, valuable for breeding varieties were picked out (Amulet, Vstrecha, Hriot Melitopilskyi, Ighrushka, Melitopilskaya Radist, Melitopilska Purpurna, Prizvaniye, Siianets Turovtsevoi, Solidarnist, Shalunia, Chudo Vyschnia), which are sources of several economically valuable characteristics. Over the period of 2004 2018, 31 domestic and foreign varieties, which are donors and sources of these valuable economic and biological characteristics, were involved in breeding to create new varieties of cherries and cherry-sweet cherry hybrids. Registration Certificates of a Plant Gene Pool Accession in Ukraine were received for Shalunia, Vstrecha, Vidrodzhennia, Rannii Desert, Solidarnist, Melitopilska Purpurna, and Melitopilska Radist varieties. Three more varieties were submitted for certificates. Having studied the collection, distinguished reference varieties and sources of biological and economically valuable characteristics, a trait collection of cherries was formed and registered with the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine. Conclusions. The gene pool collection of cherries is investigated continuously for effective breeding. Varieties-sources of valuable characteristics were identified, the involvement of which in breeding will allow generating forms that combine maximal number of economically valuable characteristics in the same genotype.


Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Vânia Silva ◽  
Sandra Pereira ◽  
Alice Vilela ◽  
Eunice Bacelar ◽  
Francisco Guedes ◽  
...  

Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a fruit appreciated by consumers for its well-known physical and sensory characteristics and its health benefits. Being an extremely perishable fruit, it is important to know the unique attributes of the cultivars to develop cultivation or postharvest strategies that can enhance their quality. This study aimed to understand the influence of physicochemical characteristics of two sweet cherry cultivars, Burlat and Van, on the food quality perception. Several parameters (weight, dimensions, soluble solids content (SSC), pH, titratable acidity (TA), colour, and texture) were measured and correlated with sensory data. Results showed that cv. Van presented heavier and firmer fruits with high sugar content. In turn, cv. Burlat showed higher pH, lower TA, and presented redder and brightest fruits. The principal component analysis revealed an evident separation between cultivars. Van cherries stood out for their sensory parameters and were classified as more acidic, bitter, and astringent, and presented a firmer texture. Contrarily, Burlat cherries were distinguished as being more flavourful, succulent, sweeter, and more uniform in terms of visual and colour parameters. The results of the sensory analysis suggested that perceived quality does not always depend on and/or recognize the quality parameters inherent to the physicochemical characteristics of each cultivar.


2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 02014
Author(s):  
Maksim Rasskazov ◽  
Marina Potapchuk ◽  
Gennady Kursakin ◽  
Denis Tsoy

The paper presents the results of geomechanical studies on the assessment of the potential rockburst hazard of the rock massif of the South Khingan deposit of manganese ore at the stage of development. Geodynamic zoning has been performed, mining and technical, mining and geological conditions of field development have been studied, and parameters of physical and mechanical properties of enclosing rocks and ores have been determined. Numerical simulation methods have been used to estimate the stress state of a rock massif at various stages of the deposit development. The tendency of the lower part of the South Khingan deposit to rockburst has been established. The complex of effective organizational and technical security measures has been substantiated in the development of this field.


Author(s):  
Michaela Benková ◽  
Iveta Čičová ◽  
Daniela Benedikova ◽  
Lubomir Mendel ◽  
Miroslav Glasa

Abstract The work is focused on the evaluation of variability of morphological and pomological characteristics of several old sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) that were found in different Slovak regions. The experimental work has been performed during two years, 2014 and 2015. The following characteristics according to the descriptor list of subgenus Cerasus were evaluated - period of flowering and ripening, morphological characteristics of the flowers, fruit size, fruit weight, and quality parameters. The results showed high variability of evaluated accessions. From the 13 surveyed localities, the most valuable accessions were found in the locality Hornį Streda - places Čachtice, Krakovany, Nitra, and Brdárka. During the collecting expeditions, 170 accessions of sweet cherry, with fruit of the different quality were found. The most interesting accessions were grafted onto rootstocks with different intensity of growth (Prunus avium L., Prunus mahaleb L., and ‘Gisela5’). Some of the selected cherry accessions can be used for commercial growing after tests, while some of them can be used only for collection of genetic resources and as potential genitors in breeding programmes.


2021 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Светлана Тарасовна Быкова ◽  
Тамара Григорьевна Калинина ◽  
Ирина Макаровна Московская

Полноценное, сбалансированное питание - основной фактор в формировании здоровья детей, когда в организме наиболее интенсивно протекают процессы роста и развития, формируются и созревают многие органы и системы, совершенствуются их функции. В статье приведены основные направления исследований зарубежных и отечественных ученых по лечению генетических заболеваний, таких как фенилкетонурия. Одним из приоритетных направлений в области здорового питания населения России в соответствии со Стратегией научно-технологического развития РФ до 2030 г. является развитие производства пищевых продуктов, обогащенных незаменимыми ингредиентами, специализированных продуктов детского питания, продуктов функционального назначения, диетических пищевых продуктов и биологически активных добавок. По данным ВОЗ от структуры питания на 70 % зависят здоровье и физическое развитие детей и подростков. Фенилкетонурия (ФКУ) - наследственное заболевание, вызывающее нарушение метаболизма аминокислоты фенилаланина у ребенка, одно из первых, рекомендованных ВОЗ для ранней диагностики у новорожденных. Отсутствие лечения вызывают серьезное поражение центральной нервной системы, отставание в умственном и физическом развитии. Особенностью современного этапа развития диетотерапии для детей, страдающих различными заболеваниями, в том числе наследственными, является разработка качественных функциональных продуктов питания, способствующих сохранению и улучшению здоровья ребенка за счет регулирующего и нормализующего воздействия на организм с учетом его физиологического состояния и возраста. Данные продукты можно широко использовать в практике лечебного питания не только в составе гипофенилаланиновой диеты, но и при любых заболеваниях, требующих ее соблюдения. В настоящее время единственным методом лечения ФКУ является диетотерапия, организованная с первых дней жизни с использованием специализированных смесей без фенилаланина. Из питания исключаются высокобелковые продукты растительного и животного происхождения. Целью лечебного воздействия диеты на ребенка является поддержка концентрации фенилаланина (ФА) в крови в пределах 2-12 мг на 100 мл в зависимости от возраста ребенка. Full-fledged balanced nutrition is the main factor in the formation of children's health, when the processes of growth and development are most intense in the body, many organs and systems are formed and mature, and their functions are improved. The article presents the main research areas of foreign and domestic scientists on the treatment of genetic diseases, such as phenylketonuria. One of the priority areas in the field of healthy nutrition of the Russian population in accordance with the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation until 2030 is the development of the production of food products enriched with essential ingredients, specialized children's food products, functional products, dietary food products and biologically active additives. According to WHO, the health and physical development of children and adolescents depends on the nutritional structure by 70%. Phenylketonuria (PKN) - an inherited disease that causes impaired metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine in a child - is one of the first recommended by WHO for early diagnosis in newborns. Lack of treatment causes serious damage to the central nervous system, a lag in mental and physical development. A feature of the modern stage of development of dietary therapy for children suffering from various diseases, including hereditary ones, is the development of quality functional food products that contribute to the preservation and improvement of the health of the child, due to the regulatory and normalizing effect on the body, taking into account its physiological state and age. These products can be widely used in the practice of therapeutic nutrition not only in the sastava of the hypophenylalanine diet, but also for any diseases requiring its observance. Currently, the only method of treating PKN is diet therapy, organized from the first days of life using specialized mixtures without phenylalanine. High-protein products of vegetable and animal origin are excluded from nutrition. The goal of the therapeutic effect of the diet on the child is to maintain the concentration of phenylalanine (FA) in the blood in the range of 2-12 mg per 100 ml, depending on the age of the child.


2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 878-883
Author(s):  
Jader Silva Lopes ◽  
Paulo Roberto Nogara Rorato ◽  
Tomás Weber ◽  
Ronyere Olegário de Araújo ◽  
Dionéia Magda Everling ◽  
...  

The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic divergence among Nellore breed animals raised in 45 farms in the Southern Region of Brazil. The characteristic studied was weaning weight adjusted to 205 days of life (P205), from 10,874 animals sired by 425 bulls and 7,629 cows, collected between 1976 and 2001, and distributed in the states of Rio Grande do Sul (1,499), Santa Catarina (2,332) and Paraná (7,043). The animals were distributed by cluster analysis in eight genetic divergent groups, enabling this technique to be applied to organize the matings in order to obtain heterotic effect. The herd/farm groups were formed through the hierarchical Ward method, using the direct (VGD) and maternal (VGM) breeding values predicted by the REML method. The VGD of the animal accounted for 90% of the differences among herds, and the remaining 10% was attributed to differences in the VGM. On average, the P205 for the animals from inter-group mating was 1.4kg higher than those from intra-group mating, representing 2.4% of heterosis.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Lyubov Georgievna Demenina ◽  
Anna Borisovna Petrova ◽  
Kristina Andreevna Savitskaya ◽  
Lyudmila Mikhailovna Kavelenova

The paper deals with the peculiarities of the biological characteristics of the most important fruit crops of temperate climates - apple and pear (Rosaceae family, subfamily Maloideae), taking into account the world, national and regional cultivation. Both cultures are characterized by significant food and commodity value, have some differences in the chemical composition of the fruit, including the leading components of the mass and biologically active substances, which determine the peculiarities of their use in the human diet. In both global and national fruit-growing, pears play a secondary role compared to apple, giving way to the number of varieties, the volume of production and the areas occupied. Based on the analysis of available statistical data of the FAO database, the dynamics of changes from 1990 to 2016 of the world production of apple and pear fruits with visualization on the continents, identifying world leaders and major trends are considered. For the USSR (from 1962 to 1990) and in Russian Federation (from 1992 to 2016) the paper presents a picture of changes in the volume of fruit production, discusses the status of fruit production in the country. The features of the historical development and current state of fruit growing in the Samara Region and prospects are discussed.


2021 ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
V. F. Pivovarov ◽  
A. V. Soldatenko ◽  
O. N. Pyshnaya ◽  
L. K. Gurkina

The article reflects the issues of the current state of scientific research at the FSBSI FSVC, shows the directions and prospects for the development of selection and seed production of vegetable crops. The main mission of the selection and seed-growing work of the FSVC is the creation and reproduction of varieties and hybrids of vegetable and melon crops of a new generation, characterized by resistance to abiotic and biotic stressors, high productivity and product quality. One of the main ways to increase the efficiency of the breeding process is the use of modern methods of biotechnology and molecular genetics, which make it possible to obtain new genotypes and reduce the time of breeding. Success has been achieved in the creation of homozygous lines of cabbage, squash, cucumber, carrots. For the first time, it was possible to complete a full cycle of obtaining doubled radish haploids in microspore culture in vitro. The institution pays special attention to immunological research on the resistance of crops and new varieties to diseases, as well as protecting plants from pests and diseases. Phytosanitary monitoring, assessment and selection of resistant genotypes are carried every years. One of the important theoretical and practical problems solved at the institution is the development of environmentally friendly products based on preparations obtained from plants with a high content of biologically active compounds with adaptogenic properties. In the center, a new direction of research in traditional breeding has received significant development - the creation of varieties of vegetable plants with an increased content of biologically active substances and antioxidants, on the basis of which functional products are created. The persistence of modern varieties and hybrids of table carrots, depending on the biochemical composition, has been studied. Methods for enriching vegetable plants with micronutrients are being developed. A large amount of scientific research is being carried out on the development of technologies for the cultivation of new varieties and hybrids, as well as technologies for their seed production. At the branches located in different soil and climatic conditions, hospitals were established to study the interaction of factors controlling soil fertility and the productivity of vegetable crops in agrocenoses (crop rotation, soil treatment systems, fertilizers and plant protection). In general, at the FSBSI FSVC, all research is aimed at developing and improving methods in breeding and seed production of vegetable crops, creating new breeding achievements and developing varietal technologies for their cultivation.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document