Immune regulation features in workers engaged into underground mining of chromite ores

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Dolgikh ◽  
Ksenia G. Starkova
Keyword(s):  
Immune Regulation ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Group Workers ◽  
Iga Production

The study of immune regulation features in workers engaged into underground mining of chromite ores demonstrated that high serum chromium levels were associated with increased phagocytic activity, if compared to physiologic normal values, in 25.7% of the workers. Findings also are phagocytic activity reliably changed by phagocytic index criterion, and significantly (1.2–1.33 times) increased absolute and relative phagocytosis and phagocytic index vs. the reference group values. IgM levels appeared 1.2 times lower vs. the reference group values, in association with IgG deficiency and increased IgA production vs. the reference values. The authors also revealed changes in cellular subpopulations balance and T-cell receptors transformation, with depressed regulatory marker CD95 in 90.0% in the main group workers, and higher number of CD4+CD25+CD127 lymphocytes, increased CD3+ and CD4+ cells 1.5- and 1.2-fold respectively vs. the reference group values. Other findings are disordered launching and regulation of apoptosis via lower Fas-receptor expression and changed balance of regulatory proteins Bcl–2 and Bax vs. the normal value in 50.0–62.5% of the workers, with reliable 2.6-fold increase of Bax level vs. the reference group.

scholarly journals СHANGES OF IMMUNOREGULATORY INDEXES IN CHILDREN EXPOSED TO STRONTIUM

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 899-904
Author(s):  
E. A. Otavina ◽  
O. V. Dolgikh ◽  
K. G. Starkova ◽  
O. A. Kazakova ◽  
A. A. Mazunina
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Immune Regulation ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Strontium Content ◽  
Humoral Factors

Evaluation of the immune system parameters can be used in order to assess capacity to adapt under conditions of increased external chemical load, including exposure to metals, which can exert either activating and inhibitory effects upon immune regulation parameters. The aim of this work was the analysis of immunoregulatory markers in a children’s population who consumed water with high strontium content (a sample from the Perm region). We carried out immunological evaluation of the children aged 7 to 12 years, living at a territory with a high strontium content in the drinking water. The comparison group included children from the conventionally clean region. We studied differential changes in cellular immunity (phagocytosis rates), humoral factors of immune defense (serum immunoglobulins), development of specific sensitization for strontium, as well as the processes of apoptosis triggering and regulation. A 3.68-fold increase in strontium levels was shown in fresh water within observation area, and the average  blood strontium content in the children of appropriate observation group was 1.55-fold higher than in children of the comparison group. At the same time, 1.2-fold increase in phagocytic activity determined as phagocytic number and phagocytic index was found, as compared to the control group. In 80% of the subjects, a reduction in serum IgG level was observed when compared to physiological norm, as well as a significant decrease in IgG and enhance in IgM production against the levels found in the comparison group. Wehave also shown an enhanced total sensitization in 55.0% of the observation group as shown by the total IgE test compared with normal age ranges, as well as excessive specific sensitization to strontium by 2.49 times, according to the IgG criterion. Disturbance in apoptosis triggering was associated with decreased number of CD95+ lymphocytes and TNFR1+ cells (2.8-fold compared to reference values), shifted balance in apoptogenic proteins, an average of 2.6-fold decrease in Bcl-2 expression, a 2.8-fold reduction of the p53 transcription factor expression relative to the reference interval. Thus, we have shown an ability of strontium excess in drinking water to influence the most important indices of immune regulation in pediatric population. These changes may serve as indices of populational health status under of external strontium exposure.

scholarly journals THE CHARACTERISTICS OF IMMUNE REGULATIONS IN INDIVIDUALS WORKING IN CONDITIONS OF COMBINED IMPACT OF HARMFUL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 330-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Dolgikh ◽  
E. A. Otavina ◽  
O. A. Kazakova ◽  
M. A. Gusel’Nikov
Keyword(s):  
Phthalic Anhydride ◽  
Immune Regulation ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Local Vibration ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Combined Impact

The article presents results of the examination of workers of phthalic anhydride manufacture with work experience more than 10 years underwent impact of complex of harmful factors of production including chemical substances, noise, difficulty and intensity of working process. The group of comparison consisted of employees of administration department. The study established exceeding of both maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of phthalic anhydride (2.2-6.3 mg/m3 at MPC 1.0 mg/m3) and level of total and local vibration and thermal load at work places that corresponds to class 3.2-3.3 of work conditions on indicator of harmfulness and danger of industrial environment. The equivalent levels of noise with maximal values at work places of machinery operators of oxidation (84.6 dBA) are identified. The study established decreasing of phagocytic activity (relative phagocytosis, phagocytic number and phagocytic index in 1.13, 1.39 and 1.26 times correspondingly) relative to group of comparison and also decreasing of level of serum immunoglobulin G in relation of standard. On the basis of flow cytometry, the reliable decreasing of expression of CD95 T-cell receptors is established. The results of allergen-sorbent testing demonstrated increasing of the level of specific sensitization to phthalic anhydride by its metabolite of phthalic acid in 79.2% of workers. The indices of immune regulation CD95, phagocytic activity, specific to anhydride IgE, reflecting characteristics of immune regulation in workers of phthalic anhydride manufacture are recommended to be applied as markers of effect during assessment of health risk in people working in conditions of combined impact of physical and chemical factors.

Natural resistance of marals of Altai-Sayan breed during the process of adaptation under the environments of the Republic of Tyva

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Ch. N. Sambyla ◽  
N. M. Bessonova ◽  
R. B. Chysyma
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Altai Republic ◽  
The Republic

The Republic of Tyva is a region in the geographical center of Asia, which located at the junction of the Siberian taiga and Central Asian desert-steppe landscapes, in a wide band of mountains and intermountain plains. The mountain-forest area of Tyva has long been considered a natural habitat for antler deer, one of which is the maral (Cervus elaphus sibiricus). In order to restore maral breeding and increase the number of marals in the former limits, marals of the Altai-Sayan breed have been imported to the Republic of Tyva from the Republic of Altai. The preservation of productive traits, reproductive function and the realization of the genetic potential of animals introduced to new climatic conditions largely depends on the ability of these animals to adapt to existing environments. We have assessed in this paper the natural resistance of the marals of Altai-Sayan breed during introduction in the Tyva Republic in comparison with the indicators of the marals have been bred in the Altai Republic. The researches have been carried out in 2019. The research material was blood samples of marals of Altai-Sayan breed imported to the Republic of Tuva (n=27) and marals of the same breed bred in the Republic of Altai (n=17). Studies have shown some deviations in the blood leukogram of imported marals, such as a decrease in the number of eosinophils and rod nuclear neutrophils (P < 0,001), the increase in the number of segmented nuclear neutrophils and lymphocytes (P < 0,05). The number of monocytes have been increased in 18,6 times compared to the Altai marals. The change in the number of monocytes exceeded the physiological norm by 24,7 %. The indicator of adaptation evaluation in imported marals had higher values (6,8), which were in 1,7 times higher than in marals bred in the Altai Republic (4,1), which indicates the intensity of adaptive mechanisms in imported animals during adaptation. Analysis of phagocytic activity and phagocytic index revealed intensive phagocytosis in imported marals: phagocytic activity – by 12,4 % (P < 0,05), phagocytic index – by 5,1 %, and the increase in the content of lysosomal and cationic proteins by 12,8 % (P < 0,05). Analysis of the bactericidal activity of blood serum has shown its lower level in imported animals (45,97±1,36 %), compared with marals of the same breed bred in the Altai Republic (52,19±2,15 at P < 0,05). Thus, according to most indicators of natural resistance marals of Altai-Sayan breed imported to Tyva have a fairly high level of natural protection, which indicates that they can be adapted to the natural climatic and feeding conditions of the Republic of Tyva.

scholarly journals The cell protection of weated pigs for probiotics

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
L. Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Lysozyme Activity ◽  
The State ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Experimental Group

The immune system is central to ensuring the consistency of the body's homeostasis. The state of the body's natural resistance is determined by a set of non-specific protective mechanisms. Lymphocytes and phagocytes are actively involved in maintaining immunity. Lymphocytes recognize the antigens of pathogenic microorganisms, and phagocytes absorb and destroy the pathogens themselves. During the weaning of piglets from sows there is a decrease in the protective forces of their body. During this period, the natural resistance of the piglets is reduced due to the stressful situation caused by changing conditions of confinement, the transition to full feed and lack of sows. The immune system of weaning pigs is relatively weak, so when exposed to environmental and technological stressors, they become susceptible to various diseases. The use of probiotic drugs stimulates the activity of the immune system, prevents stress and immunodeficiency. One of these probiotics is the probiotic of domestic production Protecto-active. It w observed the the influence of the probiotic Protecto-active on the indices of nonspecific resistance of the young pigs organism to the growth. An increase in bactericidal activity of blood serum by 12.10% (P <0.05) and lysozyme activity of blood in the piglets of the experimental group was increased by 3.71% compared to control, which indicates the activation of the body's defenses and the increase in adaptive capacity. An important step in the study of the influence of the probiotic Protekto-active on the state of the immune system is to determine the phagocytic activity of neutrophils, phagocytic index and phagocytic number. In the experimental group of piglets that were fed the probiotic Protecto-active, we found an increase in leukocyte phagocytic activity by 9.0% (P <0.001), a phagocytic index by 51.7% (P<0.001) and a phagocytic number by 24.8% ( P <0.01) compared with the control group. Thus, using a probiotic Protecto-active, all indicators of phagocytosis increase: the number of phagocytes increases, their ability to capture microorganisms and increases their digestive capacity, it increases the bacterial and lysozyme activity of blood serum, which is positively reflected in the immunobiosity. Key words: probiotic, phagocytosis, phagocytic index, phagocytic number, phagocytic activity of leukocytes, cellular immunity, piglets

scholarly journals Phagocytic activity of blood monocytes in response to methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-557
Author(s):  
O. A. Kolenchukova ◽  
N. I. Sarmatova ◽  
A. V. Moshev
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Burst ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Monocyte Subsets ◽  
Superoxide Anion Production ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Burst Intensity

Current study performed to estimate the phagocytic activity of blood monocytes of varying phenotypes exposed to MRSA and MSSA strains.  Objects: Blood monocytes were collected from 25 healthy adults (age: 25–45 years). Live suspensions of MRSA/MSSA strains were used at concentration of 106 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL.  Metods. Phagocytic functions were estimated by using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled MRSA and MSSA strains followed by running flow cytometry on FC 500 series flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter, USA). Whole peripheral blood cells were directly labelled with immunofluorescently tagged monoclonal CD14-PE/CD45-ECD/HLA-DR-PC5/CD16-PC7 antibodies (Beckman Coulter, USA). Respiratory burst intensity was evaluated in monocytes by measuring activity of lucigeninand luminol-dependent spontaneous and induced chemiluminescence. Monocytes were induced by using live suspension of MRSA/MSSA strains at a concentration of 106 CFU/mL. Results and discussion. While studying luminol-dependent monocyte activities after exposure to MRSA vs. MSSA, it was observed a 3.5-fold decreased curve square, whereas lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence was increased by 6-fold. Compared to MSSA exposure, index of activation (IA) was decreased by 1.1-fold in response to MRSA exposure that was confirmed by lowered release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from monocytes in response to MRSA exposure. Moreover, IRSS increased by 1.3-fold upon MRSA exposure. Examining monocyte oxygen-independent phagocytosis against MRSA vs. MSSA revealed significantly increased phagocytic number and concomitantly decreased phagocytic index. An evaluation of the activities of various monocyte subsets in response to MRSA vs. MSSA revealed increased phagocytic index by 1.5-fold for CD14lowCD16+ and CD14+CD16+ monocyte subsets as well as 3-fold for CD14+CD16– monocytes. Counts for all phagocytic subsets were decreased (1.4-, 1.5- and 4-fold for CD14lowCD16+, CD14+CD16+ and CD14+CD16– monocytes, respectively). To summarize, intensity of the respiratory burst was lowered upon MRSA exposure and percentage of monocyte subsets. Overall deficiency of superoxide anion production was observed in response to MRSA. In contrast, oxygen-independent event revealed phenotypic changes in frequency of peripheral blood monocytes upon MRSA exposure. We observed that CD14+CD16– classical monocytes were more rapidly activated. Conclusion. Thus, we concluded that CD14+CD16– monocytes became more rapidly activated but exhibited less effective phagocytosis, whereas CD14+CD16+ and CD14lowCD16+ monocytes were more slowly activated and demonstrated stronger phagocytic activity.

scholarly journals Increased leishmanicidal activity of alveolar macrophages from mature horses with mild equine asthma

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 939-943
Author(s):  
D.A.B. Lessa ◽  
N.X. Alencar ◽  
R.A. Torres Filho ◽  
M.F.M. Costa ◽  
W.R. Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Leishmanicidal Activity ◽  
Phagocytic Ability ◽  
Survival Index ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Equine Asthma

ABSTRACT Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are an essential part of defense mechanisms within the lungs and their phagocytic activity is important for organ homeostasis. The phagocytic ability of AMs obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage from 17 mature mixed-breed pleasure horses (8 healthy and 9 diagnosed with mild equine asthma) was studied through assays with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis promastigotes, which enabled the calculation of a phagocytic index (PI) and a survival index (SI). Results indicate that phagocytic activity of AMs in asthma affected horses is similar to healthy horses, while leishmanicidal activity is significantly increased in horses with asthma.

scholarly journals Alteration in transforming growth factor-β receptor expression in gallbladder disease: implications of chronic cholelithiasis and chronic Salmonella typhi infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogesh D. Walawalkar ◽  
Yatindra Vaidya ◽  
Vijayashree Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Gallbladder Disease ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Β Receptor

Gallbladder cancer prevalence is ever increasing with <em>Salmonella typhi</em> chronic infection being one of the predisposing factors. Altered ratios or expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptors and changes in its function are associated with loss in anti-proliferative effects of TGF-β and cancer progression. Using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction we monitor any changes in TGF-β receptor gene expression. We simultaneously screen for <em>S. typhi</em> within the samples. From 73 patients undergoing cholecystectomy 39-50% had significant expression (P&lt;0.05) of TGF-β receptor (TβR)- I and TβR-II during chronic cholelithiasis as compared to the remaining 19-23% with acute chronic cholelithiasis. There was no significant increase in TβR-III receptor expression. Patient’s positive for <em>S. typhi</em> (7/73) did not show any significant changes in expression of these receptors, thus indicating no direct relation in regulating the host TGFβ-signaling pathway. Further analysis on expression of downstream Smad components revealed that patients with up-regulated TGFβ receptor expression show &gt;2-fold increase in the RSmads and Co-Smads with a &gt;2-fold decrease in I-Smads. Thus gain of TβR-I and II expression in epithelial cells of the gallbladder was associated with chronic inflammatory stages of the gallbladder disease.

scholarly journals Immune Regulation, but Not Antibacterial Activity, Is a Crucial Function of Hepcidins in Resistance against Pathogenic Bacteria in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linn.)

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1132
Author(s):  
Pagaporn Phan-Aram ◽  
Gunanti Mahasri ◽  
Pattanapon Kayansamruaj ◽  
Piti Amparyup ◽  
Prapansak Srisapoome
Keyword(s):  
Immune Regulation ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus

In this study, the functions of a recombinant propeptide (rProOn-Hep1) and the synthetic FITC-labelled mature peptides sMatOn-Hep1 and sMatOn-Hep2 were analyzed. Moreover, sMatOn-Hep1 and sMatOn-Hep2 were mildly detected in the lymphocytes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and strongly detected in head kidney macrophages. The in vitro binding and antibacterial activities of these peptides were slightly effective against several pathogenic bacteria. Immune regulation by sMatOn-Hep1 was also analyzed, and only sMatOn-Hep1 significantly enhanced the phagocytic index in vitro (p < 0.05). Interestingly, intraperitoneal injection of sMatOn-Hep1 (10 or 100 µg) significantly elevated the phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, and lysozyme activity and clearly decreased the iron ion levels in the livers of the treated fish (p < 0.05). Additionally, sMatOn-Hep1 enhanced the expression levels of CC and CXC chemokines, transferrin and both On-Hep genes in the liver, spleen and head kidney, for 1–96 h after injection, but did not properly protect the experimental fish from S. agalactiae infection after 7 days of treatment. However, the injection of S. agalactiae and On-Heps indicated that 100 μg of sMatOn-Hep1 was very effective, while 100 μg of rProOn-Hep1 and sMatOn-Hep2 demonstrated moderate protection. Therefore, On-Hep is a crucial iron-regulating molecule and a key immune regulator of disease resistance in Nile tilapia.

scholarly journals Caloric restriction reverses the deficits in leptin receptor protein and leptin signaling capacity associated with diet-induced obesity: role of leptin in the regulation of hypothalamic long-form leptin receptor expression

2004 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Wilsey ◽  
PJ Scarpace
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Leptin Signaling ◽  
Stat3 Phosphorylation ◽  
Long Form

The objectives of this study were to determine if reduced long-form leptin receptor (ObRb) expression in diet-induced obese (DIO) animals is associated with deficits in maximal leptin signaling and, secondly, to establish the effects of short-term caloric restriction (CR) on ObRb expression and function. Groups of DIO and life-long chow-fed (CHOW) F344xBN male rats, aged 6 months, were given an i.c.v. injection containing 2 micro g leptin or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) vehicle. Leptin induced a >6-fold increase in STAT3 phosphorylation in CHOW rats, but less than 2-fold increase in DIO. Reduced maximal leptin-stimulated STAT3 phosphorylation in DIO rats was coupled with a decline in both ObRb expression and protein. At this point, subgroups of DIO and CHOW animals underwent CR for 30 days and were then tested for acute leptin responsiveness. CR resulted in a 45 and 85% increase respectively in leptin-stimulated STAT3 phosphorylation in CHOW and DIO animals. Similarly, CR increased ObRb expression and protein in both CHOW and DIO animals. To explore the role of leptin in regulating ObRb expression, we reversibly overexpressed leptin in the hypothalamus and found that ObRb mRNA inversely follows central leptin expression. By enhancing both ObRb expression and signaling capacity, CR may enhance leptin responsiveness in leptin-resistant DIO animals.

scholarly journals Lipopolysaccharide rapidly modifies adenosine receptor transcripts in murine and human macrophages: role of NF-κB in A2A adenosine receptor induction

2005 ◽  
Vol 391 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren J. Murphree ◽  
Gail W. Sullivan ◽  
Melissa A. Marshall ◽  
Joel Linden
Keyword(s):  
Adenosine Receptor ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
A2a Adenosine Receptor ◽  
Monocytic Cell ◽  
Human Macrophages ◽  
Primary Mouse ◽  
Receptor Number

The A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) mediates anti-inflammatory actions of adenosine in a variety of cell types. LPS (lipopolysaccharide) was reported to induce a small (<2-fold) increase in the expression of A2AAR mRNA in human monocytes and monocytic cell lines. We investigated the effects of LPS on the expression of adenosine receptor mRNAs in primary mouse IPMΦ (intraperitoneal macrophages), human macrophages and Wehi-3 cells. Treatment with 10 ng/ml LPS for 4 h produced a >100-fold increase in A2AAR mRNA. LPS-induced increases in mRNA for A2AAR and TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) are reduced by 90% in IPMΦ pretreated with the NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) inhibitor, BAY 11-7082 {(E)3-[(4-methylphenyl)sulphonyl]-2-propenenitrile; 10 μM}. In Wehi-3 cells exposed to LPS, A2AAR and A2BAR transcripts are elevated by 290- and 10-fold respectively, the A1AR transcript is unchanged and the A3AR transcript is decreased by 67%. The induction of A2AAR mRNA by LPS is detectable after 1 h, reaches a peak at 6 h at 600 times control and remains elevated beyond 24 h. The ED50 (effective dose) of LPS is 2.3 ng/ml. A2AAR receptor number, measured by 125I-ZM241385 binding to whole cells, is undetectable in naïve cells and increases linearly at a rate of 23 receptors·cell−1·min−1 to a Bmax of 348 fmol/mg (28000 receptors/cell) in 20 h. The increase in receptor number is correlated with an increase in the potency of an A2A agonist (4-{3-[6-amino-9-(5-ethylcarbamoyl-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-9H-purin-2-yl]-prop-2-ynyl}-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid methyl ester; referred to as ATL146e) to stimulate cAMP in these cells. After LPS pretreatment, the potency of the A2A agonist, ATL146e, to reduce TNFα release from IPMΦ was increased by 200-fold. The results support the hypothesis that regulation of adenosine receptor expression, especially up-regulation of the A2AAR, is part of a delayed feedback mechanism initiated through NF-κB to terminate the activation of human and mouse macrophages.

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