scholarly journals ВИСОКОАДАПТИВНИЙ СОРТ СОЇ АКВАМАРИН

Author(s):  
Л. Г. Білявська ◽  
Ю. П. Васецький ◽  
О. В. Пилипенко ◽  
Ю. В. Білявський ◽  
А. О. Діянова

Показано цінність білкової культури сої, універсальність її використання, генетичний потенціал, вимоги споживача та переробника. Розглядаються шляхи та перспективи формування сортових ресурсів сої в Україні. До державного Реєстру сортів рослин, придатних для поширення в Україні, занесено значну кількість різноманітних сортів сої. Відмічається зростання частки скоростиглих сортів. Відповідно до сучасних вимог, сорт сої повинен бути високоврожайним, адаптивним, із високим генетичним потенціалом та мати відповідний рівень захисту рослин від біотичних та абіотичних факторів середовища. Базуючись на довготривалому практичному досвіді в селекції сої, у полтавському селекцентрі створено сорти з підвищеним базовим потенціалом. Серед них особливу цінність має сорт Аквамарин, занесений до Державного реєстру сортів рослин, придатних для поширення в Україні в 2013 році. Представлено окремі вимоги до елементів агротехніки. The value of protein culture of soy, the universality of its use is shown. The ways of increasing soy production in Ukraine are considered. To the State Register of plant varieties, suitable for distribution, a significant number of various soybean varieties are listed in Ukraine, most of which have a narrow ecological-geographical adaptation. In modern conditions, the soybean must be highly productive, adaptive, with a high level of resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors. Based on long-term practical experience in soybean selection, the hybridization of sources of adaptability to stress factors of the environment resulted in a variety with a higher base potential. Aquamarine variety, entered in the State Register of plant varieties, is suitable for distribution in Ukraine. The morphological and biological characteristics of the variety are given.

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-120
Author(s):  
Szymon Kardaś

The purpose of the article is to analyze the current condition and development prospects for the Russian LNG sector. Taking into account the specifics of the functioning of the Russian state, the author chose the realistic paradigm (neoclassical realism), which is useful in the context of showing the relationship between internal structures and external activity of the state. The author argues that Russian expansion in the LNG sector is the result of the lobbying capacity of Novatek – the largest private gas producer in Russia. Although the state budget incurs significant costs related to the implementation of Novatek projects, in particular due to fiscal preferences, it also achieves the possibility of achieving the objectives in external and internal energy policy. Novatek’s expansion increases Russia’s share in external energy markets; at the same time LNG expansion, it is used for internal purposes. Novatek’s dominant position in the LNG sector is confirmed by both already implemented projects and plans for further expansion. The factors favoring Russian expansion are constant state support for Novatek projects, high level of internationalization of implemented projects and favorable forecasts on energy markets. The strong competition between currently dominant LNG producers and the risk of internal competition between Russian exporters are among the key long-term challenges.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (28) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
V.A. Korelina ◽  
◽  
O.B. Batakova ◽  
I.V. Zobnina ◽  
◽  
...  

Each region is characterized by a certain set of natural conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to have varieties of forage crops that can realize soil and climatic potential of the zone and are resistant to various possible stress factors. The purpose of the research is: study the variety samples of meadow clover according to the complex of economically useful characteristics in the competitive variety testing; identify the most promising ones in the conditions of the European North of the Russian Federation. The research was carried out in 2017, 2018 and 2019 at the experimental field of FSUE “Kotlasskoe”, which is located in the south-east of the Arkhangelsk region. Such breeding methods as selection, hybridization, creation of complex hybrid synthetic populations were used to create the studied variety samples. The studies were carried out according to the guidelines of the Federal Research Center “VNIIK named after V. R. Williams” and methodology of the State variety testing of agricultural crops (under the general editorship of Fedin M. A.). Soil of the experimental plots is weakly podzolic clay, medium cultivated on Permian clays. Mid-early diploid variety ‘Niva’ was used as a standard. The experiment was laid on a bare fallow; four-fold replication. Sowing was carried out with a SKS-6-10 seeder. Variety samples were evaluated according to a set of biological and agricultural characteristics: winter hardiness, vegetation period per mowing mass, plant height, leafiness, dry matter collection, protein content, protein collection, seed productivity. Agrometeorological conditions during the years of research were different, which allowed us to obtain more reliable results in assessing studied breeding material. All presented promising breeding samples exceeded the standard one in terms of the studied basic economic and biological characteristics. According to each studied indicator, we selected the best varieties. On average, over the years of research, a comprehensive assessment allowed us to identify the most valuable varieties that can form stable feed and increased seed productivity in northern conditions. They are K-2003, SD-289, K-1809, K-1556, ‘Taezhnik’. Winter hardiness of these samples varied from 84 to 94 %, dry matter collection – from 9.0 to 9.9 t/ha, seed yield – from 256 to 309 kg/ha, protein collection – from 1.26 to 1.35 t/ha. Variety ‘Taezhnik’ was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2020 for the 2nd region.


Author(s):  
I. Suprun

The high-priority task in international and national agricultural programsis to preserve the genetic resources of livestock and develop some ways to use them effectively, because there is a tendency in the world where we can see the reduction of the breed composition of domesticated animal species. Today, horse farms are unprofitable, do not have the funds for expanded reproduction, and accordingly the population of valuable breeds of horses is reduced, the general gene pool is impoverished. The aim of the study was to analyze and highlight the current state of horse breeding in Ukraine, the characteristics of domestic breeds of breeding horses, which are the basis for breeding work, and forecasting their importance in the breed process. To analyze the state of development of horse breeding in Ukraine, the State Register of subjects of breeding in animal husbandry for 2005-2018 and the data of long-term research in the field of horse breeding in Ukraine were used. There were used the methods of system generalization, graphic, analytical and comparative-statistical. The analysis of the state development of horse breeding in Ukraine has been carried out. It was also proved that in the conditions of a long crisis for the last 14 years pedigree horse breeding in Ukraine has undergone a significant decrease in the number of livestock, narrowing of the breed structure and change of ownership. At the beginning of 2019 in Ukraine, according to the State Register of Breeding Entities in Animal Husbandry, there are 38 breeding entities: 18 stud farms, 20 breeding breeders. The largest number of breeding horses is concentrated in the eastern regions of Ukraine: Luhansk, Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Kirovohrad, Zaporizhia. It is established that the leaders in the number of factory breeds of horses are the Ukrainian horse, Orel trotter and purebred horse. During the period from 2005 to 2019, the horse breeding industry in Ukraine suffered significant losses, and the number of breeding horses decreased more than twice. However, over the last year in Poltava, Kyiv, Khmelnytsky regions there have been tendencies to increase the number of breeding horses. Some breeds of horses can be used both in the breeding process and for custom of crossbreeding for sports. Key words: breed, horse farm, breeding breeder, livestock, stallion, mare, foal yield.


Author(s):  
PAVEL VUK

Poznavanje in razumevanje teoretičnih značilnosti strategije in obrambnega planiranja je nujen predpogoj za premišljeno obvladovanje kompleksnega procesa uresničevanja političnih ciljev države na varnostno-obrambnem in vojaškem področju ter oblikovanje skladnega načrta (strategije ali obrambnega plana) za premostitev vrzeli med aktualno realnostjo in želeno prihodnostjo. Zato strategijo in obrambno planiranje upravičeno uvrščamo med najpomembnejše in hkrati tudi najzahtevnejše aktivnosti vsake države. Izvajanje strategije in obrambnega planiranja sta neločljivo povezana procesa, nujna za prihodnjo nacionalno varnost ter zagotavljanje obrambne sposobnosti države za soočenje z najbolj verjetnimi nevarnostmi prihodnosti. Naložba države v razvijanje strateške misli ter planskega znanja in veščin ne bi smela biti predmet kalkulacije vloženih sredstev, ampak predmet dolgoročne investicije v razvijanje miselnih procesov, zamisli o prihodnjih vojaških ciljih, konceptih bojevanja in prihodnjih opcijah oboroženih sil. Zavedanje političnih odločevalcev o pomenu dolgoročnega, skladnega in kontinuiranega razvoja obrambne sposobnosti države ne bi smelo biti vprašanje, temveč dejstvo, glede na to, da varnosti ni mogoče dobiti neposredno. To pomeni, da se mora državno vodstvo spoprijeti s paradoksom priprave na vojno tudi v miru, če želi zagotavljati državljanom pričakovano visoko stopnjo nacionalne varnosti in ohraniti mir. Knowledge and understanding of the theoretical characteristics of strategy and defence planning are a prerequisite for sound management of the complex process of implementing national political goals of the state in security, defence and military fields and of developing a coherent plan (strategy or defence plan) to bridge the gap between the current reality and the desired future. Therefore, strategy and defence planning are rightly considered to be the most important and the most demanding activities in each country. The implementation of the strategy and defence planning are inextricably linked processes indispensable for future national security and ensuring the defence capability of a country to deal with the most likely future threats. National investments in the development of strategic thinking and planning skills and knowledge should not be subject to calculation of invested funds, but subject to long-term investment in the development of thought processes, ideas about the future of military objectives, concepts of warfare and future options of the armed forces. The awareness of decision-makers on the importance of the long-term, consistent and continuous development of the defence capacity of a country should not be an issue, but a fact, since security cannot be obtained directly. This means that the state leadership should deal with the paradox of preparing for war in peace, if it is to provide citizens with a high level of national security and preserve peace.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (523) ◽  
pp. 156-162
Author(s):  
R. V. Kobko ◽  

The article is aimed at defining the theoretical aspects of managing the economic security of the insurance services market of Ukraine, searching for ways to develop special practical recommendations to solve the outlined problem. In the context of transformational changes and globalization metamorphoses, the issue of ensuring a high level of economic security of the insurance services market in Ukraine is one of the priorities. The article discusses the risk factors influencing the provision of a high level of economic security of the insurance services market of Ukraine, analyzes the mechanisms for managing the economic security of the insurance services market. Particular attention is paid to the characterization of models of the State regulation of economic security of the insurance services market of the countries of the world, which helps to form the main emphasis on the state of development of the insurance services market of Ukraine. The practice of developed countries of the world indicates the inadmissibility of such a mechanism for ensuring economic balance as insurance premiums, and the need to focus on the formation of insurance reserves. Based on the practice of the developed countries of the world, it is advisable to summarize the mechanisms for ensuring the economic security of the insurance services market as a single system, monitoring of which will ensure systematic economic development, quick managerial decisions in transformational conditions and attraction of investment funds for long-term strategic planning. In addition, the article draws a parallel between ensuring a high level of economic security of the insurance services market and the development of the Ukrainian economy in the context of a rapid change in external influence factors, involving priority mechanisms for ensuring the long-term investment development of the country. The main directions of improvement of the State regulation of economic security of insurance services market are proposed.


Author(s):  
Л. Г. Білявська ◽  
Ю. П. Васецький ◽  
Ю. В. Білявський ◽  
А. О. Діянова

Головною метою досліджень було створення скоростиглих і високоврожайних сортів сої для всіх зон України з високою технологічністю, тривалістю періоду веґетації 80–95 днів,  урожайністю насіння 3,0–4,0 т/га, вмістом протеїну 40–43 %, вмістом жиру 22–26 %.  Для створення сортів і впровадження їх у Полтавській, Харківській, Сумській, Дніпропетровській областях використано джерела адаптивності до лімітуючих факторів (шляхом гібридизації) з метою оцінки на посухостійкість, стійкість проти хвороб, до кислих ґрунтів і комплексу кліматичних чинників. Базуючись на довготривалому практичному досвіді в селекції сої, методом гібридизації джерел адаптивності до стресових чинників довкілля виведено скоростиглий сорт з підвищеним базовим потенціалом – Авантюрин. Сорт занесено до Державного реєстру сортів рослин, придатних для поширення в Україні. Представлено окремі вимоги до елементів агротехніки даного сорту. Soybean, its uses, genetic potential, customer and processer requirements are considered in the study. Growth of soybean demand has been stated. Ways of increasing soybean output in Ukraine in accordance with climatic zones of Ukraine are defined. Thereafter, ways and perspectives of formation of soybean variety resources in the country are considered. A great number of various soybean varieties, most of which with narrow environmental and geographical adaptation have been recorded into the State Register of plant varieties adaptable to distribution in Ukraine. According to the modern requirements soybean variety has to be high-yield, adaptive, possess high genetic potential and appropriate degree of resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors as well. The part of early ripening high-yielding soybean varieties has been growing. This crop is an excellent preceding crop for winter wheat. Nowadays the variety is a mean of yield growth as well as a factor of increasing economic efficiency of production. The main research objective was to select early ripening and high-yield soybean varieties for all zones of Ukraine with high processability degree, the duration of vegetation period of 80–95 days, seed yield of 3.0–4.0 t/hа, protein content of 40–43 % and fat content of 22–26 % as well.   In order to select and introduce the varieties in Poltava, Kharkiv, Sumy and Dnipropetrovs’k regions sources of adaptability to limiting factors (by hybridization) have been used with the aim to estimate drought-resistance, disease resistance, resistance to acid soil and complex of climatic factors as well. Field and laboratory-field experiments, phenological observations have been carried out in accordance with the State Standards of Ukraine and methodical recommendations of the state variety trial. Morphological and biological characteristics during the vegetation period have been described according to the unified classifier of the kind Glycine. Early ripening variety with increased basic potential has been selected by the method of hybridization of adaptability sources to stress environmental factors on the basis of many years' practical experience in the soybean selection field. Avantiuryn variety has been recorded into the State Register of plant varieties adaptable to distribution in Ukraine. Some requirements to the agrotechnics elements have been given. Plant height is 71–90 centimeters. Height of attachment of bottom bean is 12–15 сm. Weight of 1000 seeds is 180–200 grams. Protein content of seed is 38 %, fat content is 22 %. Potential grain yield in the conditions of Ukraine is 3.0–3.5 t/hа. The variety is characterized by increased adaptability to unfavourable growing conditions including growing on acid soil (pH 4.5–5.5). The variety grown for grain production is resistant to lodging and bean splitting. The variety is resistant to bacterial and virus diseases and slightly damaged by pests. Agrotechnics of Avantiuryn variety is standard. Seeding rate is 550–650 thousand germinable seeds per one hectare. The variety is well responsive to fertilization and presowing seed inoculation with biological preparations. This variety is recommended to be grown for grain production in Steppe and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Size equality of seed is 95 %.


2021 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 06004
Author(s):  
Yana Majorova ◽  
Dilyara Efremova ◽  
Alexander Severin ◽  
Vasily Shevtsov ◽  
Konstantin Isaev ◽  
...  

The article provides an ecological and physiological assessment of the adaptation of nonresident students to the anthropogenic conditions of the metropolitan metropolis. The complex of environmental factors (socio-economic, ecological and anthropogenic factors) that play a significant role in the dynamics of adaptation of students is considered. The analysis of the obtained data showed that a complex of environmental factors of a large city causes a violation of the rhythm of sleep and wakefulness and the level of personal and situational anxiety. The presented complex of stress factors in general has a significant impact on the mental health of nonresident students, which is manifested in a high level of personal and situational anxiety and deterioration of the functional state of the autonomic nervous system. All this in general led to mental discomfort and to overstrain the adaptation processes of nonresident students of different courses.


2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-70
Author(s):  
S Viljoen

In 2014, a year supposedly marked to celebrate twenty years of democracy and the transformation of our housing regime from one being grossly discriminatory to a welfare-orientated legal system that functions under the auspices of the rights and values entrenched in the Constitution the poorest households in South Africa remain subject to not only intolerable housing conditions, but also unlawful state evictions. The housing jurisprudence has developed certain indicators of the state’s constitutional obligations and these indicators constitute the courts’ conception of its expectations of the state in complex housing disputes that generally concern homelessness/landlessness. However, recent state actions taken in contravention of section 26 indicate the systemic violation of the right to the extent that it is deprived of all meaning. With the required cognisance of the courts’ inherent competencies, concerns for separation of powers boundaries and an inclination to maintain a high level of deference in polycentric matters with economic and social consequences for the community, the courts are obliged to hold government accountable and vindicate the violation of fundamental rights. A form of reparation is therefore required that is able to address these violations in a systemic manner, without usurping the functions of the executive. Structural relief is apt in such instances, provided that it is structured in a specific manner to address immediate and long-term housing needs in a way consistent with other constitutional provisions and the underlying values of the Constitution. A once-off form of relief is inappropriate to counter the systemic violation of the right of access to adequate housing.On the other hand, a structural interdict is different to the extent that it can consist of different remedial phases over which the court retains jurisdiction to ensure that the state complies with its section 26(2) obligations. Throughout this process of supervision the court should encourage a dialogue between the different stakeholders and assist with predeterminations of the kinds of governmental actions that would be unreasonable, procedurally unfair and generally in contravention of the Constitution.


Author(s):  
Е. N. Седов ◽  
T. V. Yanchuk ◽  
S. А. Korneeva

As a result of the long-term research, several of the most promising donors of diploid gametes were selected among apple cultivars and elite seedlings. Among the cultivars, these are Antonovka Ploskaya (2-4-4-4x), Melba tetraploid (4x), Papirovka tetraploid (2-4-4-4x) and Wealthy tetraploid (2-4-4-4x), while among the seedlings these are 13-6-106 (Suvorovetz seedling) (4x) and 30-47-88 (Liberty × 13-6-106) (4x + Vf). New apple cultivars of summer maturation Avgusta, Dariona, Maslovskoye and Osipovskoye have already been released with the participation of Papirovka tetraploid (2-4-4-4x) and included in the State register of breeding achievements admitted for use. New zoned cultivars Alerksandr Boyko, Bezhin Lug, Vavilovskoye and Ministr Kisilev have been released with the participation of Wealthy tetraploid (2-4-4-4x). Triploid apple cultivars Orlovsky Partizan, Patriot and Mars have been released with the participation of 13-6-106 (Suvorovetz seedling) as a donor of diploid gametes. Orlovsky Partizan and Patriot are zoned, while Mars is passing the state testing. 30-47-88 (Liberty × 13-6-106) (4x + Vf) is of particular value as both a donor of diploid gametes and a donor of scab immunity (Vf). Priorities in apple breeding at VNIISPK are the development of the immune to scab (24 scab immune cultivars are zoned) and columnar cultivars (5 cultivars are zoned: Vostorg, Girlianda, Poezia, Priokskoye and Orlovskaya Yesenia). We have already developed triploid apple cultivars that have immunity to scab. It is tempting to create triploid cultivars that are immune to scab and columnar ("three in one"). The creation of such cultivars will allow to provide more regular fruiting in the orchard and fruits of high commodity and consumer qualities (due to triploidy), improve the environmental situation in the orchard and its surroundings (due to immunity to scab), and significantly increase the yield (due to column-shaped varieties). We hope that in the coming years such cultivars will be created, since there are already selected apple seedlings with such a combination of valuable features.


2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heta Rousi ◽  
Ari O. Laine ◽  
Heikki Peltonen ◽  
Pentti Kangas ◽  
Ann-Britt Andersin ◽  
...  

Abstract Rousi, H., Laine, A. O., Peltonen, H., Kangas, P., Andersin, A-B., Rissanen, J., Sandberg-Kilpi, E., and Bonsdorff, E. 2013. Long-term changes in coastal zoobenthos in the northern Baltic Sea: the role of abiotic environmental factors – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 440–451. We investigated site-specific changes in a coastal zoobenthic community during 1964–2007 in the northern Baltic Sea. Multivariate analysis indicated that the community structure had changed. The amphipods Monoporeia affinis and Pontoporeia femorata decreased drastically in the late 1970s–early 1980s, and by the early 1990s P. femorata vanished and M. affinis abundance was low. The decline of M. affinis and P. femorata was followed by an increase of the bivalve Macoma balthica and the arrival of the polychaete genus Marenzelleria in the 1990s. Trend analyses showed a rising trend for near-bottom temperature from the late 1960s. There was a significant decline in salinity during the early 1980s, which stabilized during the early 1990s. A negative trend was observed for oxygen concentration during the entire study period. There were interannual variations in the phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations, and a step-like increase in phosphorus concentration at the beginning of the 21st century. The correlations of temperature, salinity, oxygen, total phosphorus and nitrogen with zoobenthic communities were examined using Constrained Correspondence Analysis. Temperature was the most highly correlated explanatory variable for the benthic species. The study highlights the importance of long-term data sets in assessing the state and ecological processes of zoobenthic systems.


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