scholarly journals Exploring the Prospective of Dark Tourism in Pashupatinath: A Hindu Pilgrimage Site, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 93-127
Author(s):  
Ramesh Raj Kunwar ◽  
Bikram Homagain ◽  
Neeru Karki
Keyword(s):  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Spiritual Journey ◽  
Death Rituals ◽  
Dark Tourism ◽  
Death Ritual ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Death Event ◽  
Tourism Potential

A unique and increasingly pervasive feature within the tourism landscapes in the post-modern world is the special interests of tourists in death and anything associated with death. It is often believed that those who indulge in death and disaster site tours could potentially awaken their spiritual journey. The visitor immersions, in the spaces of death, and the events that have taken place or are re-created, triggers social conscience, or some shared emotion or an experience of involvement, with the death event. Reckoning to this facet, Pashupatinath temple- a place of pilgrimage for the followers of Santana Vedic religion which shows the comprehensive aspect of Hindu death rituals, symbols and processes has been chosen. The study proposes the site as a dark tourism destination and explores the convergence of cultural heritage site, pilgrimage and death rituals in the area that is associated with its characterization- particularly with reference to the witnessing of live open pyre burning death rituals at the cremation ground (ghat) that exclusively showcases the eastern phenomenon of death-spectatorship exhibited by Hindu death ritual. Despite an immense influence of the site in the tourism industry, the eastern dark tourism potential induced by the site has not been recognized formally by the tourism stakeholders. Even though it is widely consumed by the western visitors as a tourist element. The phenomenon of Hindu death tradition in the ghats of Pashupatinath is inclusive of all the death-related rituals and is a threshold of transition and transgression, a place in between life and death. Henceforth, as the central tenet of dark tourism being “the death”, Hindu death rituals in Pashupatinath could be firmly brought into the realms of dark tourism discourse. The findings are based on the prevalence of push factors that encourages consumption of the proposed site as a dark tourist product in liminal conditions (an in-between position). To be more specific, the practice of intellectualization of emotion, convenience of visits, edutainment elements, practice of moral disengagement. The prospective of dark tourism in Pashupatinath, if entitled to the mere promotion of the crematory site, may send a negative connotation and raise moral and ethical concerns. Hence, tourism stakeholders should consciously introduce the phenomenon as an accompaniment to the popularized mainstream religious and cultural value of the site. 

scholarly journals Falling in Place: Geoscience, Disaster, and Cultural Heritage at the Frank Slide, Canada’s Deadliest Rockslide

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
Mickey Vallee
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Dark Tourism ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
The Social ◽  
Anticipation Time ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study

Grounded in a case study of the Frank Slide, Canada’s Deadliest Rockslide, this article introduces a new perspective on disaster sites as socio-cultural entities by way of correlating the specific technicality of scientific research and management of disaster sites with a broader conceptual framework from within the social sciences and spatial theories. Heritage sites such as the Frank Slide are often understood as protected places that benefit the image of a sovereign nation (i.e., a “place-myth”). It is often assumed that heritage sites need protection from natural elements and from human interference. But the case of the Frank Slide is different, insofar as (a) it is a heritage site made out of the remnants of a terrifying disaster and (b) it is predicted to be further damaged when its ensuing rockslide follows (sometime between now and 5,000 years). This makes the case of the Frank Slide an intriguing one for an interdisciplinary study, since it is made up of various overlapping temporalities belonging to the measurement-time of scientific monitoring, commodity-time of the tourism industry, myth-time of national identity, duration-time of cultural memory, and the anticipation-time of further disaster. The analysis considers how these disparate activities contribute to the vitalization, devitalization, and revitalization of place, in such a way that challenges the “dark tourism” paradigm that has come to frame disaster sites. This article thus proposes a unique synthesis between these times and practices contained within them in order to elucidate and explore how various overlapping temporalities make up the visible and invisible materials of a place.

The Role of New Media in Facilitating Entrepreneurship in Tourism - Case Study: Promoting Komodo Island in East Nusa Tenggara

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Dessy Kania
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Foreign Visitor ◽  
Printed Media ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
High Inflation ◽  
Tourism Destinations

Tourism is an important component of the Indonesian economy as well as a significant source of the country’s foreign exchange revenues. According to the Center of Data and Information - Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the growth of foreign visitor arrivals to Indonesia has increased rapidly by 9.61 percent since 2010 to the present. One of the most potential tourism destinations is Komodo Island located in East Nusa Tenggara. With the island’s unique qualities, which include the habitat of the Komodo dragons and beautiful and exotic marine life, it is likely to be one of the promising tourism destinations in Indonesia and in the world. In 1986, the island has been declared as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The Ministry of Culture and Tourism continuously promotes many of the country’s natural potential in tourism through various media: printed media, television and especially new media. However, there are challenges for the Indonesian tourism industry in facilitating entrepreneurship skills among the local people in East Nusa Tenggara. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (2011), East Nusa Tenggara is considered as one of the poorest provinces in Indonesia where the economy is lower than the average, with a high inflation of 15%, and unemployment of 30%. This research is needed to explore further the phenomenon behind the above facts, aiming at examining the role of new media in facilitating entrepreneurship in the tourism industry in Komodo Island. The results of this study are expected to provide insights that can help local tourism in East Nusa Tenggara. Keywords: Tourism, Entrepreneurship, New Media

scholarly journals Water Conservation Scenic Spots in China: Developing the Tourism Potential of Hydraulic Projects and Water Resources

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Bao-Jie He ◽  
Jinda Qi ◽  
Jianwen Dong
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Scenic Spot ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Tourism Potential

The reservoir-related tourism industry has been developed for leisure purposes since the 1970s and has gained popularity worldwide. To promote reservoir-related tourism in China, the Chinese government launched a “top-down” project titled “Water Conservation Scenic Spot” (WCSS) in 2001. However, because of the lack of reasonable planning, innovative ideas, and effective governance, there are some problems with WCSS constraining its development. To deal with those problems, it is necessary to have a holistic understanding of the WCSS situation. This study analyses the origin, status, opportunities, and challenges of WCSS development in China. The results show a trend of periodic increase in the number of WCSSs between 2001 and 2016, and WCSS development is unbalanced regarding regions and types. Moreover, the main issues for the WCSS include the failure to follow WCSS guidelines in practice, weak awareness of the scientific educational function, monotonous planning and construction, a lack of cultural preservation, insufficient funding, weak marketing, damaging of natural resources, destruction of clusters of animals and plants, land surface erosion, and landscape pollution. These adverse effects can be alleviated by strengthening supervision and fostering balanced development, promoting education and protecting cultural resources, distributing funding and enlarging popularity, controlling the amount of tourism, and avoiding overexpansion. Overall, the findings of this study can encourage the development of WCSSs in the future and are of significance in supporting the reservoir-related tourism industry.

scholarly journals Study on Comprehensive Economic Contribution Caused by Development of the Natural Heritage Scenic Spot——Taking World Heritage Site Danxia Mount as an Example

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Liu Yi ◽  
Zhang Mengfan
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Development ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Spreading Effect ◽  
Natural Heritage ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Scenic Spot ◽  
Multiplier Effect

Despite the rising status of tourism industry, most of scenic spots are lack of innovation in tourism developing patterns, and tickets economy still dominate most of the region’s tourism development. Based on this background, this paper taking world heritage site Danxia Mount as an example, using input-output analysis method, introducing the theory of lateral effect, has build structure tree model for multiplier effect of consumption in scenic spot. According to the tree model, multiplier effect of consumption in natural heritage scenic spot include industry spreading effect transmitted by endogenetic route and lateral effect transmitted by exogenous route. On the basis of research results, this paper gives suggestions to government on public tourism resources of scenic spots about how to choose appropriate tourism development pattern and make reasonable price policies of scenic spots.

scholarly journals The Hungarian-Jewish Social Contract, its Rupture, and Jewish Death Rituals

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Remz
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Death Rituals ◽  
Death Ritual ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
State Authority ◽  
Hungarian State ◽  
The Way

This article explores the supposedly reciprocal social contract between “Greater Hungary” and its Jewish population from the “Golden Age” of the Dual Monarchy to its rupture in the Holocaust. The afterlife of this broken contract will be addressed through the upkeep and neglect of cemeteries in Subcarpathia and Hungary proper. Along the way, I present memoiristic vignettes that illustrate the challenge of loyalty to state / military authority and death rituals in the time of the 1918-1919 Hungarian-Romanian War, Jewish mourning in the context of Czechoslovakia’s loss of Subcarpathia, and the disjuncture between the normal praxis of death ritual and the spectre of Auschwitz-Birkenau, as well as the ritual contrast to Hungarian Jews who were deported, but not to Auschwitz. I also turn to the historical research of Tim Cole and Daniel Rosenthal, in conjunction with Hungarian (especially North-Transylvanian) Holocaust memoirs, to reflect on Holocaust-era suicide as a mode of victims’ resistance to their brutalization by Hungarian gendarmes -- the pinnacle of the betrayal of the erstwhile contract between Hungarian state authority and its Jewish population. 

INVESTMENT ROLE IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE SAMARA REGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoya Gagikovna Khechoyan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Current State ◽  
Tourism Activity ◽  
Tourism Potential

The article considers the modern tourism potential of the Samara region, the current state of tourism, and the key objects of tourism activity located in the Samara region, the problems of tourism development in the Samara region and the need to invest in this industry, advantages in the investment development of the tourism industry.

Эволюционный подход к исследованию социально-экономической категории "туристский потенциал"

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bekmatova ◽  
D. Shaikin ◽  
M. Valieva ◽  
O. Kopylova ◽  
А.Ж. Бекматова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Jobs

In modern socio-economic conditions, the study of the essence of the term "tourist potential" is relevant. The correct assessment of the tourism potential of a country or its individual region, and above all its correct definition, is a key aspect that characterizes the success of the functioning the tourism sector in a narrow spectrum and the economy of the country as a whole. The development of the tourism industry affects such key economic indicators of the country as the balance of payments, total exports and others. Improving the infrastructure taking into account the increasing needs of tourists, the influx of foreign currency and investment, increasing employment through the creation of new jobs. Properly realized tourist potential has a positive impact on the socio-cultural sphere, satisfying the spiritual and physical needs of people. The interpretation of the term "potential" by the scientists in various fields of science is considered. As a result, the authors supplemented and formulated their own definition of the term "tourist potential". The article also studies a number of methods for assessing the tourist potential and builds statistical dependencies and econometric equations that characterize its development in the medium term. The dynamics of the visitors’ number by incoming and outgoing types of tourism was chosen as the estimated indicators. В современных социально-экономических условиях изучение сущности термина "туристский потенциал" является актуальным. Правильная оценка туристского потенциала страны или ее отдельно взятого региона, и прежде всего его корректное определение является ключевым аспектом, характеризующим успешность функционирования туристского сектора в узком спектре и экономики страны в целом. Развитие туристской отрасли влияет на такие ключевые экономические показатели страны, как платежный баланс, совокупный экспорт и другие. Совершенствование инфраструктуры с учетом возрастающих потребностей туристов, приток иностранной валюты и инвестиций, повышение занятости населения посредством создания новых рабочих мест. Грамотно реализованный туристский потенциал имеет положительное влияние и на социально-культурную сферу, удовлетворяя духовные и физические потребности людей. Рассмотрена трактовка термина "потенциал" учеными в различных областях науки. В результате авторами дополнено и сформулировано собственное определение термина "туристский потенциал". Также в статье изучен ряд методов оценки туристского потенциала и построены статистические зависимости, характеризующие его развитие в среднесрочном периоде. В качестве оценочных показателей выбрана динамика количества посетителей по въездному и выездному видам туризма.

Tourism Destination Competitiveness of India and China

2017 ◽  
pp. 191-202
Author(s):  
Sushma Rewal Chugh ◽  
Chander Mohan Parsheera
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Indian Culture ◽  
China And India ◽  
Destination Competitiveness ◽  
The World ◽  
Growing Economy ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
Global Population ◽  
India And China

China and India are the two world's most populous Asian countries. Together they constitute about 40% of the total global population. Both the Asian countries have remarkable similarities. India and China boast of having a very ancient and rich civilization and they have a strong and growing economy. For developing countries like India and China tourism presents a wonderful opportunity to earn much needed foreign exchange. Compared to China, the ancient and unique Indian culture is still very much alive. In spite of all these attractions and ethnic charm, tourism industry in India is still underdeveloped in contrast to many other neighboring countries. Tourism in India is still in a stage of infancy. China has emerged much ahead of India in terms of tourist arrivals. China has been successfully tapping its rich tourism potential. China is the 3rd most frequented country of the world after France and U.S.A. This paper has tried to explore the reasons of tourists' preference of China over India by taking into cognizance varied experiences and perceptions of tourists in both the countries and comparing them. A total number of 180 comments of 60 foreign travelers who visited China and India respectively and posted comments on www.virtualtourist.com were studied. It emerged from the study that India and China both the countries thrive on culture and history. People are intrigued by Indian and Chinese philosophies. Although the flying distance between the two countries is no more than eight hours, foreign tourists prefer to visit China over India as India carries a negative image among foreign tourists in terms of hygiene, safety, and infrastructure.

Methodical aspects of risk assessment and strategic benefits of tourism development in municipal units

Servis plus ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Людмила Ульяниченко ◽  
Lyudmila Ulyanichenko ◽  
Владимир Минаев ◽  
Vladimir Minaev ◽  
Евгений Цыщук ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
Territorial Disparities ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

The article examines the questions of informational and methodological support of the assessment procedures and analysis of the benefits and risks of tourism development at the municipal level. There was proposed a method for evaluating the complex risk of tourism industry in the settlements of the municipality on the basis of expert procedures. Expert data on four aspects of the existence of risks and strategic benefits in the settlements was described on the example of one of the districts of the Moscow region: the first aspect is motivational characteristics of the local population and local leaders; human resources and opportunities for training of tourism personnel, infrastructure indicators of the tourism industry, regulatory support for the management of the tourist industry; the second one is environmental factors that affect tourism and recreational activities, and opportunities of the health care system for servicing tourists; the third aspect is municipal factors associated with the development of roads and transport, territorial disparities in the level and quality of life of the population, the costs of tourism infrastructure; and the fourth one is the possibility of development of settlements in connection with the development of their tourism potential, interregional ties and geographical position. Quantitative indicators for the complex potential benefits and risks of comprehensive development of tourism were introduced, grounded and experimentally tested on the example of settlements in the studied area. The analysis of the qualitative opinions of experts about the benefits and risks in the settlements of the district was made as an additional argument of summary quantitative findings. This allowed a more detailed dive into the problems of specific territories and their specialties of the development in tourism activities.

Tourism cluster as a base of regional tourism development (Belgorod region as an example)

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-29
Author(s):  
Марина Комарова ◽  
Marina Komarova
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Cluster Approach ◽  
Regional Tourism ◽  
Recreation Areas ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Event Tourism ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
Promising Development

The cluster approach in the tourism industry in transition economies is very relevant and is associated with a number of features in the industry. The article reveals the concept and features of a regional tourism cluster, traces the genesis of this concept, examines the objective conditions for the emergence of a cluster and its elements and structure. The author distinguishes stages of cluster formation and analyzes the factors and possible ways of development. The author substantiates the necessity for use of the cluster approach in tourism and the formation of regional tourism clusters performing the socio-economic, natural and ecological, recreational and economic functions in the entities’ territories of the Russian Federation. An emerging regional tourism and recreation cluster of Belgorod region is considered as the object of the study. Taking into account the assessment of the tourism potential, the level of infrastructure development, transport, environment, territorial structure of the region, the author conducted zoning of Belgorod region and identified seven tourism and recreation areas, outlined the prospects of their development. This study has allowed to determine in the region potential inter-regional clusters emerging, developing and having possibilities to be created. Military and historical, rural, event tourism are recognized as the promising development directions of regional tourism cluster. According to the author’s opinion, the creation of the cluster system will significantly improve the efficiency of the regional tourism market and strengthen its competitive position in the Russian market of the tourism industry.

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