scholarly journals The Relationship of Exclusive Breastfeeding with the Incidence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-243
Author(s):  
Karimah Khitami Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Child Health

Growth and development in childhood need to be considered to shape future generations are healthy, intelligent and qualified. Maintenance of children's health is carried out since fetus until age of 18 years. Meanwhile, children at the age of first 5 years of life have a low immune system that is susceptible to various diseases including pulmonary TB disease. One effort to maintain maternal and child health is by giving exclusive breastfeeding. The decline in the use of exclusive breastfeeding in developing countries, especially in urban areas, is the result of socio-cultural changes in the community. Pulmonary TB is a public health problem that is one of the global commitments in the MDG’s that must be controlled. Pulmonary TB is an infectious disease caused by an infection of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis and has attacked almost one-third of the world's population. Children's pulmonary TB is a TB disease that usually attacks children aged 0-14 years. Of the 9 million new cases of TB that occur worldwide each year, an estimated 1 million (11%) of them occur in children under 15 years.

Reconceptualizing the Public Spaces of New Urban Areas in Hanoi: The End or the New of Public-Making?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh-Tung Tran ◽  
◽  
Tien-Hau Phan ◽  
Ngoc-Huyen Chu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
The Public ◽  
Doi Moi ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Public spaces are designed and managed in many different ways. In Hanoi, after the Doi moi policy in 1986, the transfer of the public spaces creation at the neighborhood-level to the private sector has prospered na-ture of public and added a large amount of public space for the city, directly impacting on citizen's daily life, creating a new trend, new concept of public spaces. This article looks forward to understanding the public spaces-making and operating in KDTMs (Khu Do Thi Moi - new urban areas) in Hanoi to answer the question of whether ‘socialization’/privatization of these public spaces will put an end to the urban public or the new means of public-making trend. Based on the comparison and literature review of studies in the world on public spaces privatization with domestic studies to see the differences in the Vietnamese context leading to differences in definitions and roles and the concept of public spaces in KDTMs of Hanoi. Through adducing and analyzing practical cases, the article also mentions the trends, the issues, the ways and the technologies of public-making and public-spaces-making in KDTMs of Hanoi. Win/loss and the relationship of the three most important influential actors in this process (municipality, KDTM owners, inhabitants/citizens) is also considered to reconceptualize the public spaces of KDTMs in Hanoi.

scholarly journals Incidência das Formas Imaturas de Aedes albopictus (Skuse) e Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) no Município de Miguel Pereira, RJ, Brasil

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Roberto Moreira Barbosa ◽  
William Costa Rodrigues ◽  
Marise Maleck de Oliveira Cabral
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Waste Land ◽  
Immature Form ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Janeiro State

A presença de Aedes albopictus (Skuse) em área urbana representa um risco potencial do inter-relacionamento dessa espécie de mosquito com a população. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar as formas imaturas de Ae. albopictus encontradas nos depósitos e imóveis do município de Miguel Pereira. O estudo foi realizado no período de 12 meses, ano de 2007, em 27 locais do município de Miguel Pereira, Estado do Rio de Janeiro. As larvas encontradas foram identificadas em laboratório e a análise dos dados foi calculada pelos índices de infestação predial e índice de Breteau. Os tipos de imóveis positivos foram residências (79,44% do total); terrenos baldios (2,56%); comércios (2,56%) e outros tipos de imóveis (15,04%) para Ae. albopictus, e residências (72,72% do total); comércios (6,06%); terrenos baldios (3,03%); e outros tipos de imóveis (18,18%) para Aedes aegypti (L.). Das 3731 larvas, 3562 (95,5%) eram de Ae. albopictus e 169 (4,5%) de Ae. aegypti. O mosquito Ae. albopictus mostrou-se mais presente nos criadouros que Ae. aegypti. A média do índice de infestação predial (IFP) e índice de Breteau (IB) para Ae. albopictus foi 1,0 e 1,9 e para Ae. aegypti de 0,1 e 0,1, respectivamente. As formas imaturas mais abundantemente encontradas no Município de Miguel Pereira no ano de 2007 foram de Ae. albopictus podendo futuramente se tornar um problema de saúde pública. Incidence of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) Immature Form in Miguel Pereira, RJ, Brazil. Abstract. The presence of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in urban areas represents a potential risk of inter-relationship of this species of mosquito with the population. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of the Ae. albopictus immature forms in deposits and building at Miguel Pereira city, Rio de Janeiro State. The study was carried in the last 12 months, 2007, in 27 locations in Miguel Pereira city. The larvae were identified in laboratory and data analysis was calculated by indicators of building infestation index and the Breteau index. The positive buildings were: residential (79.44% of total); waste land (2.56%), shopping (2.56%) and other types of buildings (15.04%) to Ae. albopictus, and homes (72.72% of total), shopping (6.06%); waste land (3.03%) and other types of buildings (18.18%) to Ae. aegypti (L.). The larvae (3731) collected, 3562 (95.5%) were Ae. albopictus and 169 (4.5%) were Ae. aegypti. The Ae. albopictus are more present in breeding that Ae. aegypti. The average rate of building infestation index (IFP) and Breteau index (IB) for Ae. albopictus was 1.0 and 1.9 and for Ae. aegypti was 0.1 and 0.1, respectively. The Ae. albopictus immature larvae forms were more abundantly found in the Miguel Pereira city in 2007; in future it may become a public health problem.

scholarly journals The Relationship of age, attitude, knowladge, cost to cataract surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Aminatul Fitria
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Attitudes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Cataract is the leading cause of 51% blindness case in the world. Cataract can only be cured trough surgery, but most people with cataract in Indonesia is not in undergoing surgery due to several factors. The increasing number of cataract victim whose not undergoing any treatment to cure them will resulting in increasing number of blindness case, so blindness cause by cataracts can be a public health problem. This research was conducted to determine the relationship of age, attitudes, knowledge and the cost of the action to perform cataract surgery. This research was an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. The samples were cataract patients in Undaan Eye Hospital Surabaya who were randomly selected using a simple random sampling based on medical records of 60 people. Data collection was done by taking secondary data and interviews to patients. Those variables was analyzed with chi square or Fisher’s exact with significancy level at 95%. The result showed that there were correlation between knowledge (p = 0.017), operating costs (p = 0.001) and attitude (0.000) while age was not related (p = 1.000), the actions to perform cataract surgery. The conclusion from this research was the attitude, knowledge and operating costs related to the actions to perform cataract surgery, while age was not related to the actions to perform cataract surgery. It is recommended to give through leaflets or other media in the lobby for improving patient education, counseling to the patient family, the doctor’s advice to convince patient for surgery.Keywords: practice, surgery, cataract, attitudes, costs

Perceptions of the Environment among the Gebaliya Bedouin

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Reiss
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Relative Paucity ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Children's Environments

AbstractThis paper provides data about how a people still in close contact with their natural physical environment, yet moving from nomadism to a sedentary (though still largely agricultural) lifestyle, perceive their environment. Drawings were obtained from children, and interviews undertaken with adults among the Gebaliya Bedouin in the Sinai desert. The drawings reveal an abundance of animal and plant life and a relative paucity of human artefacts. Wildlife and landscape evidently constitute a central component of these children's environments. The adult interviews reveal how the relationship of the Bedouin with their physical environment, though still an intimate one, has changed in the last two generations. The results are interpreted in the light of social and cultural changes among the Gebaliya Bedouin. The findings reported here may need to be heeded if attempts to preserve endangered wildlife in the Sinai desert, are to succeed.

scholarly journals Issues of wind mode visualization and pedestrian comfort assessment when designing residential buildings on sloping territories in the Arctic zone

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 03013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya V. Dunichkin ◽  
Emanuele Naboni ◽  
Anna E. Korobeinikova ◽  
Olga I. Poddaeva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Wind Regime ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Aerodynamic Roughness ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Subject of research: visualization of the wind regime of residential buildings on the slope area in the Arctic. Goals: the purpose of the study is to identify the problems of visualization of the wind regime on the slopes and the analysis of patterns of airflow around the sloping territories, affecting the comfort of pedestrians. Materials and methods: airflow patterns of slope areas with different characteristics and comfort assessment for humans are analyzed in the course of work. Geotechnical methods are presented in solving the problems of wind erosion and the stability of hillsides and complex terrain within the city limits. Results: The importance and novelty of the research in studying the relationship of slope geometry and environmental quality, as a decrease in comfort inevitably leads to a decrease in the development of nearby urban areas in settlements on the coast of the Arctic Ocean, problems with climate and local climate, as well as a decrease in the quality of life of people. The article considers the relationship of plastic relief with the aeration regime of the territory, the dependence of aerodynamic roughness on their height, features of aeration of the slope and hilly terrain, factors affecting the direction and speed of the wind and methods for studying the aeration regime of slope areas. Findings: The possibilities of applying existing approaches to research and visualization for slope areas are demonstrated. The direction of development of the technique for visualization of slope areas has been determined.

scholarly journals Ownership of mother and children's health book and complete basic immunization status in slums and poor population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arief Hargono ◽  
Hario Megatsari ◽  
Kurnia Dwi Artanti ◽  
Triska Susila Nindya ◽  
Ratna Dwi Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Complete Coverage ◽  
The Government ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Child Health ◽  
Improve Access ◽  
Poor Population

Background: The percentage of complete immunization in urban areas is higher than rural areas. The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship between ownership of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) books with Complete Basic Immunization (CBI) coverage in slums and poor areas. Design and Methods: A rapid survey was conducted in selected slums and poor groups based on medical records from Public Health Center. Informants were mothers with a sample of 325 infants aged 12 to 23 months. Results: The lowest coverage of CBI for slum and poor residents is Pasuruan, which is 55.4%. The results of statistical analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between ownership of MCH books and the complete coverage of basic immunization in Malang (P=0.000; PR=3.682); Pasuruan (P=0.002; PR=1.854); Sidoarjo (P=0.000; PR=4.042); Surabaya (P=0.000; PR=2.425). Conclusions: It is recommended that the government should improve access to complete immunization programs in slums and poor population.

scholarly journals Extending Maternity Leave and Early Childhood Health in Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kien Le
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Maternity Leave ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
Childhood Health ◽  
Early Childhood Health ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Child Health

This paper explores the relationship between extending maternity leave and child health. To quantify the relationship of interest, we exploit the expansion of maternity leave in Zimbabwe Labour Amendment Act of 2005 that went into effect in December 2005. We find statistical evidence on the positive association between extending maternity leave and child health. Quantitatively, those exposed to the maternity leave extension grow 0.522 standard dеviations taller for their age, weigh 0.959 standard dеviations more for their age, and weigh 0.580 standard dеviations more for their height. The findings emphasize the significance of increasing maternity leave in enhancing child health.

scholarly journals KOMPLIKASI KEHAMILAN DAN PERSALINAN PADA KEHAMILAN REMAJA

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Faqihati Husna ◽  
Muhammad Ilham Aldika Akbar ◽  
Rize Budi Amalia
Keyword(s):  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Labor Complications ◽  
Adolescent Pregnancies ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Child Health

AbstrakLatar Belakang: Menurut UNICEF, setiap lima kelahiran bayi terdapat satu bayi lahir dari ibu dengan usia dibawah 19 tahun. Kehamilan pada remaja usia 15-19 tahun di negara berkembang mencapai angka 21 juta. Kehamilan remaja merupkan masalah yang tersebar di seluruh dunia dan berdampak terhadap kesehatan ibu dan anak. (Mukhopadhyay, 2010), secara luas kematian yang disebabkan oleh kehamilan merupakan penyebab utama kematian anak perempuan usia 15-19 tahun (WHO, 2017). Remaja memiliki risiko komplikasi kehamilan yang tinggi, salah satunya adalah persalinan prematur,  IUGR dan pre-eklamsia. (Baker, 2007).Terjadi peningkatan risiko komplikasi sebesar 2 kali lipat pada kehamilan remaja dibandingkan kehamilan pada wanita usia 20-an (Utomo I. D., 2013), Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari hubungan kehamilan remaja dengan komplikasi kehamilan dan persalinan. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik observasional dengan pendekatan retrospektif cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel 40 dan diambil dengan teknik cosecutive sampling. Hasil: Komplikasi pada kehamilan remaja mencapai 60%. Hasil analisis hubungan kehamilan remaja dengan komplikasi kehamilan (p value= 0,0100 OR = 6), anemia ( p value 0,013 OR=7,364), defisiensi gizi p value=0,400), prekalmisa/eklamsia (p value =0,300), komplikasi persalinan (p value =1,000), persalinan SC (p value=1,000) dan KPD (p value =1,000). Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini kehamilan remaja berpengaruh pada komplikasi kehamilan dengan penyulit  dominan anemia dan tidak berpengaruh pada komplikasi persalinan.AbstractBackgrounds: According to UNICEF, every five babies born there is one baby born to a mother under the age of 19 years. Pregnancy in adolescents aged 15-19 years in developing countries reaches 21 million. Teenage pregnancy was a problem that spread throughout the world and had an impact on maternal and child health. (Mukhopadhyay, 2010), widely deaths caused by pregnancy are the main cause of death for girls aged 15-19 years (WHO, 2017). Adolescents had a high risk of pregnancy complications, one of which is premature labor, IUGR and pre-eclampsia. (Baker, 2007). There has been a 2-fold increase in the risk of complications in adolescent pregnancies versus pregnancies in women in their 20s (Utomo I. D., 2013). Methods: This study were observational analytic method with a retrospective cross sectional approach with 40 samples and was taken by cosecutive sampling technique. Results: Complications in adolescent pregnancy reach 60%. The results of the analysis of the relationship of adolescent pregnancies with complications of pregnancy showed (p value= 0,0100 OR = 6), anemia ( p value 0,013 OR=7,364), nutritional deficiency (p value=0,400), preeclampsia/eclampsia (p value =0,300), labor complications (p value =1,000), sectio caesaria (p value=1,000) dan premature rupture of membrane (p value =1,000)

scholarly journals Relación entre sobrepeso, obesidad y niveles de autoestima en escolares (Relation between overweight, obesity, and self-esteem levels in schoolchildren)

Retos ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Pedro Delgado-Floody ◽  
Bastian Carter-Thuillier ◽  
Daniel Jerez-Mayorga ◽  
Alfonso Cofré-Lizama ◽  
Cristian Martínez-Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Factores De Riesgo ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

En Chile, el incremento de la obesidad infantil ha llegado a ser un importante problema de salud pública, sin embargo existe escasa evidencia de su impacto en factores psicológicos en población preadolescente y adolescente. El propósito de esta investigación fue evaluar el estado nutricional de escolares y sus niveles de autoestima, determinando la relación de estas variables y comparando los resultados según estatus corporal. Se evaluaron 164 escolares, 93 niños y 71 niñas, de entre 11 y 14 años de edad (12.54 ± 1.14), pertenecientes a dos centros educativos públicos de la ciudad de Temuco, Chile. Se recolectaron datos respecto al curso de estudio, edad, sexo, IMC (índice de masa corporal), contorno cintura (CC), perímetro cadera (PC), índice cintura cadera (ICC), razón cintura estatura (RCE) y niveles de autoestima. El 55.49% de la muestra de estudio presentó sobrepeso u obesidad. En la comparación por sexo las variables ICC (p<,001), talla (p=.003) y autoestima (p=.018) fueron mayor en los niños, el PC (p=.011) fue superior en las niñas. Los sujetos en categoría de muy baja autoestima presentaron mayor IMC, CC, PC y RCE (p<.05). El IMC presentó una asociación negativa con los niveles de autoestima (p=.002, r=-.237), y con variables antropométricas de CC, PC, ICC y RCE se reportó una asociación positiva y significativa (p<.05). Los hallazgos de la investigación evidencian una relación negativa entre autoestima y malnutrición por exceso, lo que en consecuencia deja expuesta una relación entre factores de riesgo cardiovascular y variables psicosociales como autoestima.Abstract. The increase of childhood obesity has become a major public health problem in Chile; however, there is little evidence of its impact on psychological factors in preadolescent and adolescent populations. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the nutritional status of schoolchildren and their self-esteem levels, determining the relationship of these variables, and comparing the results according to body status. A total of 164 students, 93 men and 71 women, between 11 and 14 years old (12.54 ± 1.14) were evaluated. Participants belong to two public schools in the city of Temuco, Chile. Data were collected regarding study, age, gender, BMI, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WSR), and self-esteem levels. 55.49% of the sample of study showed to be overweight or obesity. The variables waist-to-hip ratio (p=.000), HC (p=0.011) and height (p=.003), showed significant differences when comparing by gender. Men had higher levels of self-esteem than women (p=.018). Subjects in the category of very low self-esteem had higher BMI, WC, HC, and WSR (p<.05). BMI presented a negative association with self-esteem levels (p=.002, r =-.237), whereas a positive and significant association was reported with the other anthropometric variables (p<.05). The findings of this research showed a negative association between self-esteem and individuals with overweight or obesity. Consequently, they contribute to highlight the strong relation between cardiovascular risk factors and psychosocial variables such as self-esteem.

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