RECENT EMERGING FISH VIRAL DISEASE IN INDIAN AQUACULTURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
ABISHA JULIET MARY.S.J ◽  
◽  
DHAYANATH. M ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Disease

The Diagnosis of Viral Disease by Electron Microscopy

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 270-273
Author(s):  
William B. McCombs ◽  
Cameron E. McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Academic Interest ◽  
The Past

Recent years have brought a reversal in the attitude of the medical profession toward the diagnosis of viral infections. Identification of bacterial pathogens was formerly thought to be faster than identification of viral pathogens. Viral identification was dismissed as being of academic interest or for confirming the presence of an epidemic, because the patient would recover or die before this could be accomplished. In the past 10 years, the goal of virologists has been to present the clinician with a viral identification in a matter of hours. This fast diagnosis has the potential for shortening the patient's hospital stay and preventing the administering of toxic and/or expensive antibiotics of no benefit to the patient.

A rapid method for the direct identification of paramyxovirus in canine CSF by ultracentrifugation and negative staining as a rule out for distemper

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-595
Author(s):  
W.L. Steffens ◽  
M.B. Ard ◽  
C.E. Greene ◽  
A. Jaggy
Keyword(s):  
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Negative Stain ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Systemic Manifestations ◽  
Rule Out

Canine distemper is a multisystemic contagious viral disease having a worldwide distribution, a high mortality rate, and significant central neurologic system (CNS) complications. In its systemic manifestations, it is often presumptively diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs and history. Few definitive antemortem diagnostic tests exist, and most are limited to the detection of viral antigen by immunofluorescence techniques on tissues or cytologic specimens or high immunoglobulin levels in CSF (cerebrospinal fluid). Diagnosis of CNS distemper is often unreliable due to the relatively low cell count in CSF (<50 cells/μl) and the binding of blocking immunoglobulins in CSF to cell surfaces. A more reliable and definitive test might be possible utilizing direct morphologic detection of the etiologic agent. Distemper is the canine equivalent of human measles, in that both involve a closely related member of the Paramyxoviridae, both produce mucosal inflammation, and may produce CNS complications. In humans, diagnosis of measles-induced subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is through negative stain identification of whole or incomplete viral particles in patient CSF.

Modern aspects of tactics in the genital herpes viral infection (literature review)

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
T Yu Pestrikova ◽  
E A Yurasova ◽  
I V Yurasov ◽  
A V Kotelnikova
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Genital Herpes ◽  
Fetal Death ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Intrauterine Fetal Death ◽  
Complicated Course ◽  
Simplex Virus

Genital herpes affects all population groups. 98% of the adult population worldwide have antibodies to the herpes simplex virus (HSV-1 or 2). This viral infection is a significant medical and social problem. HSV can lead to a complicated course of pregnancy, causing miscarriages, premature birth, intrauterine fetal death, systemic viral disease in newborns. There is evidence that HSV has a connection with malignant tumors of the prostate and cervix, contributing to their development. This literature review contains modern aspects of epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinic, diagnosis, treatment of genital herpes, including its recurring forms with valacyclovir (Valvir). Indications for hospitalization of patients with genital herpes were noted and the prognosis of this pathology was determined. The tactics of managing pregnant women with this pathology is presented.

Plasma therapy a possible hope to fight against COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravikant Piyush ◽  
Aroni Chatterjee ◽  
Shashikant Ray
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Wild Fire ◽  
The World ◽  
Short Span ◽  
Game Changer

The world is currently going through a disastrous event and a catastrophic upheaval caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pandemic has resulted in loss of more than 150000 deaths across the globe. Originating from China and spreading across all continents within a short span of time, it has become a matter of international emergency. Different agencies are adopting diverse approaches to stop and spread of this viral disease but still now nothing confirmatory has come up. Due to lack of vaccines and proper therapeutic drugs, the disease is still spreading like wild fire without control. An Old but very promising method- the convalescent plasma therapy could be the key therapy to stop this pandemic. This method has already proven its mettle on several occasions previously and has been found to be effective in curing the pandemics induced by Ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) belongs to the same group of β-Coronavirus that has resulted in the above diseases. Therefore, the role of plasma therapy is being explored for treatment of this disease. In this review, we have mainly focused on the role of convalescent plasma therapy and why its use should be promoted in fight against COVID-19, as it could turn out to be a game changer.

Alternative medicine as a treatment options for COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahfuza Marzan ◽  
Md. Shahedur Rahman ◽  
Md. Abu Hena Mostofa Jamal ◽  
Mohammad Hossain Shariare ◽  
Md. Anowar Khasru Parvez
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
High Infectivity

: COVID-19, a viral disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 is the reason of a global pandemic since the starting of the year 2020. The characteristic of the disease varies from mild common cold like symptoms to acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ failure leading to death. World has already observed 213,453 deaths from this disease while 3,095,839 have been infected in 210 countries in total till 28 April, 2020. This disease has a devastating impact over the health care system because of its high infectivity, easy mode of transmission, lack of proper medicine and vaccine and deficiency of enough supportive healthcare arrangement. On verge of this situation scientists are searching the treatment options. However, nature has provided us with enormous herbs which have disease preventive as well as have medicinal properties. In this article we have reviewed several of these plants (ginger, clove, tea, black seed, tulsi, neem) and some vitamins (vitamin C and vitamin D) and zinc which have antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-asthmatic properties with scientific evidence. The intake of these products regularly to keep the immune system active, to experience its positive aspects might be supportive to prevent infection with the new coronavirus or to treat COVID-19.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 does not have a strong effect on the nasopharyngeal microbial composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzipi Braun ◽  
Shiraz Halevi ◽  
Rotem Hadar ◽  
Gilate Efroni ◽  
Efrat Glick Saar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Microbiology ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
16S Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
The World ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Longitudinal Sampling ◽  
Potential Interactions

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread around the world, impacting the lives of many individuals. Growing evidence suggests that the nasopharyngeal and respiratory tract microbiome are influenced by various health and disease conditions, including the presence and the severity of different viral disease. To evaluate the potential interactions between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the nasopharyngeal microbiome. Microbial composition of nasopharyngeal swab samples submitted to the clinical microbiology lab for suspected SARS-CoV-2 infections was assessed using 16S amplicon sequencing. The study included a total of 55 nasopharyngeal samples from 33 subjects, with longitudinal sampling available for 12 out of the 33 subjects. 21 of the 33 subjects had at least one positive COVID-19 PCR results as determined by the clinical microbiology lab. Inter-personal variation was the strongest factor explaining > 75% of the microbial variation, irrespective of the SARS-CoV-2 status. No significant effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the nasopharyngeal microbial community was observed using multiple analysis methods. These results indicate that unlike some other viruses, for which an effect on the microbial composition was noted, SARS-CoV-2 does not have a strong effect on the nasopharynx microbial habitants.

scholarly journals Multidrug Resistence Prevalence in COVID Area

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
Caterina Aurilio ◽  
Pasquale Sansone ◽  
Antonella Paladini ◽  
Manlio Barbarisi ◽  
Francesco Coppolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, is often complicated by severe acute respiratory syndrome. The new coronavirus outbreak started in China in December 2019 and rapidly spread around the world. The high diffusibility of the virus was the reason for the outbreak of the pandemic viral disease, reaching more than 100 million infected people globally by the first three months of 2021. In the various treatments used up to now, the use of antimicrobial drugs for the management, especially of bacterial co-infections, is very frequent in patients admitted to intensive care. In addition, critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection are subjected to prolonged mechanical ventilation and other therapeutic procedures often responsible for developing hospital co-infections due to multidrug-resistant bacteria. Co-infections contribute to the increase in the morbidity–mortality of viral respiratory infections. We performed this study to review the recent articles published on the antibiotic bacterial resistance and viruses to predict risk factors of coronavirus disease 2019 and to assess the multidrug resistance in patients hospitalized in the COVID-19 area.

scholarly journals Innate Immunity in Children and the Role of ACE2 Expression in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-382
Author(s):  
Mario Dioguardi ◽  
Angela Pia Cazzolla ◽  
Claudia Arena ◽  
Diego Sovereto ◽  
Giorgia Apollonia Caloro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Bibliographic Search ◽  
Meta Analyses

COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) is an emerging viral disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which leads to severe respiratory infections in humans. The first reports came in December 2019 from the city of Wuhan in the province of Hubei in China. It was immediately clear that children developed a milder disease than adults. The reasons for the milder course of the disease were attributed to several factors: innate immunity, difference in ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme II) receptor expression, and previous infections with other common coronaviruses (CovH). This literature review aims to summarize aspects of innate immunity by focusing on the role of ACE2 expression and viral infections in children in modulating the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles deemed potentially eligible were considered, including those dealing with COVID-19 in children and providing more up-to-date and significant data in terms of epidemiology, prognosis, course, and symptoms, focusing on the etiopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 disease in children. The bibliographic search was conducted using the search engines PubMed and Scopus. The following search terms were entered in PubMed and Scopus: COVID-19 AND ACE2 AND Children; COVID-19 AND Immunity innate AND children. The search identified 857 records, and 18 studies were applicable based on inclusion and exclusion criteria that addressed the issues of COVID-19 concerning the role of ACE2 expression in children. The scientific literature agrees that children develop milder COVID-19 disease than adults. Milder symptomatology could be attributed to innate immunity or previous CovH virus infections, while it is not yet fully understood how the differential expression of ACE2 in children could contribute to milder disease.

scholarly journals Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Infection at the Wildlife–Livestock Interface in the Greater Serengeti Ecosystem, 2015–2019

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 838
Author(s):  
Bryony A. Jones ◽  
Mana Mahapatra ◽  
Daniel Mdetele ◽  
Julius Keyyu ◽  
Francis Gakuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Weighted Estimate ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
African Buffalo ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serengeti Ecosystem

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a viral disease of goats and sheep that occurs in Africa, the Middle East and Asia with a severe impact on livelihoods and livestock trade. Many wild artiodactyls are susceptible to PPR virus (PPRV) infection, and some outbreaks have threatened endangered wild populations. The role of wild species in PPRV epidemiology is unclear, which is a knowledge gap for the Global Strategy for the Control and Eradication of PPR. These studies aimed to investigate PPRV infection in wild artiodactyls in the Greater Serengeti and Amboseli ecosystems of Kenya and Tanzania. Out of 132 animals purposively sampled in 2015–2016, 19.7% were PPRV seropositive by ID Screen PPR competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA; IDvet, France) from the following species: African buffalo, wildebeest, topi, kongoni, Grant’s gazelle, impala, Thomson’s gazelle, warthog and gerenuk, while waterbuck and lesser kudu were seronegative. In 2018–2019, a cross-sectional survey of randomly selected African buffalo and Grant’s gazelle herds was conducted. The weighted estimate of PPRV seroprevalence was 12.0% out of 191 African buffalo and 1.1% out of 139 Grant’s gazelles. All ocular and nasal swabs and faeces were negative by PPRV real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Investigations of a PPR-like disease in sheep and goats confirmed PPRV circulation in the area by rapid detection test and/or RT-qPCR. These results demonstrated serological evidence of PPRV infection in wild artiodactyl species at the wildlife–livestock interface in this ecosystem where PPRV is endemic in domestic small ruminants. Exposure to PPRV could be via spillover from infected small ruminants or from transmission between wild animals, while the relatively low seroprevalence suggests that sustained transmission is unlikely. Further studies of other major wild artiodactyls in this ecosystem are required, such as impala, Thomson’s gazelle and wildebeest.

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