scholarly journals Study of the growth-promoting activity of plant polysaccharides of Gleditsia triacanthos, Crotalaria alata and Crotalaria sp.

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
R. P. Zakirova ◽  
S. S. Asatova ◽  
N. R. Safarova ◽  
F. Sh. Tashpulatova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Gleditsia Triacanthos ◽  
Plant Polysaccharides ◽  
Presowing Treatment ◽  
Growth Promoting

Relevance. In plant growing practice plant growth regulators based on plant substances are widely used. Plant polysaccharides are among the biologically active compounds that can be used as natural raw materials to create new drugs.Methods. The growth-promoting activity of galactomannans isolated from the seeds of the plants Crotalaria alata, Gleditsia triacanthos and Crotalaria sp. was studied on cotton and wheat crops when they were grown under saline conditions. The range of studied concentrations was in the range from 0.1% to 0.0001%. Presowing treatment was carried out for 18 hours, after which the seeds were germinated in Petri dishes with the addition of 1% NaCl saline solution at a temperature of 25 °C. The biological activity of polysaccharides was evaluated by the linear growth of aboveground and underground organs of seedlings. The results were statistically processed using the Original Pro program.Results. The studied substances have growth-stimulating activity, which depended on their origin and concentration. So galactomannan obtained from Crotalaria alata, under salinization conditions, had a positive effect on the growth of wheat root at 0.01% concentration, and from Gleditsia triacanthos at lower concentrations, 0.001% and 0.0001%. On the stem growth, the maximum effect was exerted by a substance isolated from Crotalaria alata in 0.01% and 0.001% doses. On cotton, stem growth was activated by the polysaccharide Crotalaria sp. in 0.0001% concentrations, the root is galactomannan Gleditsia triacanthos in 0.01% concentration.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF A DRUG BASED ON THE FRUITS OF CHOKEBERRY (ARÓNIA MELANOCÁRPA (MICHX.) EL-LIOT) IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY

2020 ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
Valeriya Yur'yevna Andreyeva ◽  
Vladimir Viktorovich Sheykin ◽  
Galina Il'inichna Kalinkina ◽  
Tat'yana Georgiyevna Razina ◽  
Yelena Petrovna Zuyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Black Chokeberry ◽  
Active Substances

Black chokeberry is an official drug raw material and is used as a multivitamin drug. Black chokeberry guarantees the supply of raw materials as it grows all over the Russian Federation end is a promising sourse of phenolic compounds for new drugs. Objective: to develop the most favorable conditions for extraction of bioactive compounds from black chokeberry and to assess its anti-metastatic activity. To extract bioactive compounds from black chokeberry the method of multistep repercolation with completed cycle was used. To assess the factors controlling the raw material extraction the technique of mathematic simulation for latin square. The technique of liquid anthocyanins and catechins rich black chokeberry extraction was given with the following parameters: extragent – 95% acidified alcohol, phase relation – 1 : 5, number of percolators – 5. The content of biologically active substances in the extract obtained with 95% acidified ethyl alcohol was determined by conventional methods. In the composition of the extract, the content of anthocyanins (5.83±0.25%), catechins (0.22±0.02%), tannins (4.65±0.30%), phenolic acids (0.27±0.01%) and other biologically active substances was determined. To assess the antitumor properties of the chokeberry fruit extract, the Lewis lung carcinoma model was used. It was found that the proposed extract reliably inhibits the development of metastases and increases the antimetastatic activity of cyclophosphamide in combined treatment, is of interest as a means for increasing the effectiveness of tumor chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Analysis of garden snail (Helix aspersa Muller) mucus for the presence of potential effectors of hemostasis system

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Y. Kyriachenko ◽  
T. Halenova ◽  
O. Savchuk
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Helix Aspersa ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Chemical Models ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
Pharmaceutical Agents ◽  
Snail Helix Aspersa

Today, there are many approaches to new drugs development, but none of them can replace the important role of natural products in the discovery and development of drugs. Natural raw materials remain an extremely important source of medicines. A number of biologically active molecules of natural origin have already found a direct medicinal use, while many others can serve as chemical models or templates for the design and synthesis of new pharmaceutical agents. Snail mucus has been attracting the attention of scientists for many years as a source of natural biologically active substances. The components of snail mucus have been repeatedly tested for antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. In this work, the biological effects of components of the mucus of the garden snail Helix aspersa, distributed in Ukraine, were studied. The research results proved the presence of protein molecules, some of which had a pronounced proteolytic potential with specificity for gelatin, collagen and fibrinogen. When mucus was added to blood plasma, its components initiated the formation of active thrombin, and also prolonged the clotting time of plasma in the coagulation test APTT. In addition, the components of H. aspersa mucus enhanced the effect of platelet aggregation inducer and inhibited their disaggregation. It was proved that the components of H. aspersa mucus had no cytotoxic effect. The obtained results indicate the prospects and importance of further experiments on the study of mucus protein fractions in order to identify individual biologically active molecules responsible for the manifestation of these effects. A detailed analysis of the composition and study of the properties of snail mucus will serve as a basis for obtaining potentially new substances with targeted activities and their further use in various industries, including pharmaceutical.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Profile and Pharmacological Activities of Water and Hydroethanolic Dry Extracts of Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull. Herb

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 751
Author(s):  
Galyna Starchenko ◽  
Andriy Hrytsyk ◽  
Ain Raal ◽  
Oleh Koshovyi
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract

According to the WHO data (2017), depression is the most predominant disease worldwide, with about 300 million people suffering from it, and bipolar disorder is the second most common. Therefore, it is relevant to research new medicines based on medicinal herbal raw materials with anti-anxiety and antidepressant effects. Common heather (Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull.), a flowering plant of the Ericaceae family, is a promising species for research in this area. The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical profile and several biological activities of hydroethanolic dry extracts from the C. vulgaris herb. Nineteen phenolic substances were identified and quantified in the extracts by HPLC. The quantitative content of the basic groups of biologically active compounds was determined by spectrophotometry. Arbutin was dominant among the hydroquinone derivatives; chlorogenic acid among the hydroxycinnamic acids; rutin, hyperoside and quercetin-3-D-glucoside among the flavonoids; and (+)-gallocatechin and (-)-epigallocatechin among the tannin metabolites. The water and hydroethanolic extract were compared, the extract of C. vulgaris herb obtained with 70% hydroethanolic had the most pronounced anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anxiolytic, stress-protective, anti-anxiety and anti-depressant effects, and it is a promising substance for the development of new drugs or food supplements.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES CONTENT IN THE LEAVES AND FRUITS OF A ROWAN-TREE (SORBUS AUCUPARIA FRUCTUS) AND ASSESSMENT OF PROSPECTS IN MEDICINE AND PHARMACY

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Chernichkina A.D.
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Pectin Substances

A large number of biologically active substances, organic acids, tannins, and pectin substances were detected during the study of fruits, leaves, and pulp of the fruits of mountain Ash. The content of these substances in leaves and pulp will significantly expand the arsenal of medicinal plant raw materials used. Given the wide distribution of mountain Ash in the territory of the Russian Federation, harvesting leaves from the same plants after harvesting the fruit and using pulp will make it possible to obtain new phytopreparations.

On the diagnostics of Adonis L. species (Ranunculaceae) of the Russian flora

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Luferov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Alternative Sources

The article provides brief information about cardiotonic, sedative, cytostatic, diuretic, and antibacterial effects of biologically active compounds of Adonis L. (Ranunculaceae) species. Chemical studies allowed to identify the cardiac glycosides, or cardenolides: or cardenolides: adontoxin, adonitol, adonitoxigenin, acetyldigitoxin and others. In scientific medicine, it is currently allowed to use Adonis vernalis L. Other types of Adonis have a similar chemical composition and are offered as substitutes for this official species, for example, Adonis apennina L. Many Adonis species have limited natural resources, and in some regions are rare, requiring conservation of their natural populations. The search for alternative sources of medicinal plant raw materials, based on this, is relevant. The experimental part of our research was carried out using the morphological and geographical method with the involvement of information on ecology and phenology. For the first time summarizes the diagnostic features of Adonis flora of Russian flora. Previously unknown structural features (shape and size of anthers) were identified that characterize the subgenera Adonanthe and Adonis. Taxonomic study of the genus Adonis of the Russian flora allowed us to determine its species composition, clarify its systematic affiliation, and nomenclature synonyms. 9 species were identified. Of these, 6 are perennials belonging to the subgenus Adonanthe, section Consiligo, which includes 2 subsections: Amurenses (2 species) and Vernales, which is differentiated into 2 rows: Apenninae (2 species) and Vernales (2 species). Subgenus Adonis is represented by 2 sections: Adonis (1 species) and Lophocarpa with sections Aestivales (1 species) and Dentatae (1 species). For all the considered species and varieties, the main distribution areas are given. A key has been compiled to determine the wild Adonis species distributed in Russia.

Oxazole-Based Compounds As Anticancer Agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (41) ◽  
pp. 7337-7371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Chiacchio ◽  
Giuseppe Lanza ◽  
Ugo Chiacchio ◽  
Salvatore V. Giofrè ◽  
Roberto Romeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
The Core ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Biologically Active Derivatives

: Heterocyclic compounds represent a significant target for anti-cancer research and drug discovery, due to their structural and chemical diversity. Oxazoles, with oxygen and nitrogen atoms present in the core structure, enable various types of interactions with different enzymes and receptors, favoring the discovery of new drugs. Aim of this review is to describe the most recent reports on the use of oxazole-based compounds in anticancer research, with reference to the newly discovered iso/oxazole-based drugs, to their synthesis and to the evaluation of the most biologically active derivatives. The corresponding dehydrogenated derivatives, i.e. iso/oxazolines and iso/oxazolidines, are also reported.

scholarly journals What Can Electrochemical Methods Offer in Determining DNA–Drug Interactions?

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3478
Author(s):  
Sandra Ramotowska ◽  
Aleksandra Ciesielska ◽  
Mariusz Makowski
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Electrochemical Methods ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Binding Modes ◽  
Voltammetric Techniques ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Cellular Dna

The interactions of compounds with DNA have been studied since the recognition of the role of nucleic acid in organisms. The design of molecules which specifically interact with DNA sequences allows for the control of the gene expression. Determining the type and strength of such interaction is an indispensable element of pharmaceutical studies. Cognition of the therapeutic action mechanisms is particularly important for designing new drugs. Owing to their sensitivity, simplicity, and low costs, electrochemical methods are increasingly used for this type of research. Compared to other techniques, they require a small number of samples and are characterized by a high reliability. These methods can provide information about the type of interaction and the binding strength, as well as the damage caused by biologically active molecules targeting the cellular DNA. This review paper summarizes the various electrochemical approaches used for the study of the interactions between pharmaceuticals and DNA. The main focus is on the papers from the last decade, with particular attention on the voltammetric techniques. The most preferred experimental approaches, the electrode materials and the new methods of modification are presented. The data on the detection ranges, the binding modes and the binding constant values of pharmaceuticals are summarized. Both the importance of the presented research and the importance of future prospects are discussed.

STATE AND PROSPECTS OF PROCESSING OF SECONDARY RAW MATERIALS OF WINE-MAKING IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Osipova ◽  
O. Radionova ◽  
L. Tkachenko ◽  
T. Abramova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Wine Making ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Wide Range

The analysis of the current state of processing of secondary raw materials of wine-making in Ukraine is given. It is proved that the latter is a rich source of biologically active compounds, including phenolic ones, which makes it possible to use it for the production of a wide range of products (raccoon, polyphenol extracts, tartaric acid, beverages, fertilizers, grape oil, cake, vitamin D, animal feed, food powder, abrasives) with high consumer value for various industries: food, pharmaceutical, perfume and cosmetics, chemical, feed, etc. In the light of modern research, the role of phenolic compounds as essential nutrition factors that cannot remain out of the field of view of physiologists, pharmacologists, and food hygiene specialists is shown. However, currently in Ukraine there are no specialized enterprises for complex processing of secondary raw materials of winemaking; traditional technologies are not effective from a technological, economic and environmental point of view, which indicates not rational use of resources and loss of material resources; there are no systematic studies on physical and chemical, microbiological, Toxicological composition in order to determine the optimal direction of its use. A limiting factor is also the lack of comparative analysis of innovative domestic and foreign technologies for processing secondary raw materials of winemaking. In the vast majority of cases, in particular, combs and pomace are taken out of control to agricultural land without special treatment, which leads to acid soil erosion and pollution of the environment with metabolites of micromycetes, increasing one of the global problems of mankind-environmental. At the present stage of technological development, there are a number of innovative developments in the field of processing secondary raw materials, in particular grape pomace, in order to obtain biologically active additives, the limiting factor for the introduction of which is the lack of domestic and expensive imported equipment. A promising way to solve the existing problems is to create a mechanism that will unite the interests of wineries (producers of secondary raw materials of winemaking), processing enterprises (producers of products from secondary raw materials of winemaking), scientists and potential consumers of innovative products. Consolidation of the above-mentioned institutions and enterprises is possible by creating clusters for the development and implementation of innovative technologies and equipment

Exploiting the beneficial properties of microalgae for food and feed use

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 3634-3648
Author(s):  
Erika Koppányné Szabó ◽  
Krisztina Takács
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Food And Feed

By 2050, 9.8 billion people are projected to live on Earth, which means that we need to double our current food production to keep pace with such a large population increase. In addition, rising greenhouse gas emissions and the associated climate change are placing a significant strain on the planet’s ability to sustain itself. However, in order to increase the quantity of proteins of plant origin, it is necessary to increase crop production areas, harvesting frequencies and the quantity of crops produced. Unfortunately, the optimization of these factors is already very close to the available maximum in the current situation. The developed cultivation systems and maximum utilization of the soil power leads to very serious environmental problems, soil destruction, loss of biodiversity and serious environmental pollution through the transport of the produced plant raw materials. This poses a serious challenge to food security and further increases the risk of hunger. There is therefore a need for agricultural practices that can lead to the cultivation of food and feed crops that have better sustainability indicators and are more resilient to climate change, which can be used to safely produce health-promoting feeds, as well as novel and value-added foods. Within this group, a particular problem is presented by the protein supply of the population, as currently about one billion people do not have adequate protein intake. However, conventional protein sources are not sufficient to meet growing protein needs. As mentioned above, food and feed proteins are based on plant proteins. In recent years, a prominent role has been played by the research into alternative proteins and the mapping of their positive and negative properties. Among alternative proteins, special attention has been paid to various yeasts, fungi, bacteria, algae, singe cell proteins (SCPs) and insects. In this paper, we focus on the presentation of algae, particularly microalgae, which are of paramount importance not only because of their significant protein content and favorable amino acid composition, but also because they are also sources of many valuable molecules, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, pigments, antioxidants, drugs and other biologically active compounds. It is important to learn about microalgae biomass in order to be able to develop innovative health food products.

DESIGN RECIPES OF PUREE FOR CANNED FOOD OF FUNCTIONAL PURPOSE FOR BABY FOOD

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. СВЕРДЛИЧЕНКО ◽  
М.К. АЛТУНЬЯН ◽  
Д.В. КАБАЛИНА
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Baby Food ◽  
Canned Food ◽  
Functional Ingredients ◽  
Daily Rate ◽  
Combination Theory ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials ◽  
Functional Purpose

Спроектированы рецептуры пюреобразных консервов функционального назначения для детского питания. Проектирование рецептур поликомпонентных пюре проводили на основе принципов пищевой комбинаторики с учетом суточной потребности детского организма в функциональных ингредиентах: инулине, пищевых волокнах, витаминах С и Р, β-каротине, железе и калии. Выбрано овощное сырье – клубни топинамбура, содержащие инулин, обладающий гипогликемическими свойствами, морковь и тыква, содержащие антиоксиданты и антитоксические ингредиенты, а также фруктовое сырье – яблоки, содержащие комплекс антиоксидантов. Эталоном служил продукт, содержащий функциональные ингредиенты в количестве 10–50% суточной нормы, что отвечает требованиям, предъявляемым ГОСТ Р 52349–2005. Наиболее высокие дегустационные оценки получили образцы, содержащие, %: пюре из топинамбура 20–50, пюре из яблок 20–65, пюре из тыквы (смесь 1) или моркови (смесь 2) 10–35. Соотношение компонентов в смеси 3 определяли, приняв количество пюре топинамбура в продукте постоянным и равным 45%, а остальные компоненты варьировали в пределах 0–55% от массы смеси. Исследован химический состав предназначенного для детского питания овощного и фруктового сырья как источник биологически активных веществ. После оптимизации рецептурных компонентов методом компьютерного моделирования изготовлены опытные образцы и проведена органолептическая оценка разработанных рецептур. Установлено, что разработанные рецептуры обеспечивают получение продуктов, сбалансированных по содержанию физиологически функциональных ингредиентов и обладающих высокими органолептическими свойствами. Have been designed formulations of puree canned food of functional use for baby food. Development of compoundings of multicomponent purees was carried out on the basis of the principles of food combination theory taking into account the daily need of a children's organism for functional ingredients: inulin, food fibers, vitamins C and P, β-carotene, iron and potassium. Vegetable raw materials are chosen – Jerusalem artichoke tubers containing inulin, which has hypoglycemic properties, carrots and pumpkin, containing antioxidants and antitoxic ingredients, as well as fruit raw materials – apples, containing a complex of antioxidants. The product containing functional ingredients in number of 10–50% of standard daily rate that meets requirements of GOST P 52349–2005 served as a standard. The highest tasting estimates have received the samples containing, %: Jerusalem artichoke puree 20–50, puree apples 20–65, puree pumpkin (mix 1) or puree carrots (mix 2) 10–35. The ratio of the components in the mixture 3 was determined as follows: the amount of Jerusalem artichoke puree in a product was accepted to constant and equal 45%, and other components – within the limits 0–55% of the mass of mix. The chemical composition of the vegetable and fruit raw materials as a source of biologically active agents for products of baby food is investigated. After optimization of prescription components the method of computer modeling has made prototypes and organoleptic assessment of the developed compoundings is carried out. It is established that the developed compounds provide the products balanced on the content of physiologically functional ingredients and having high organoleptic properties.

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