scholarly journals HEPATOSOMATIK INDEKS DAN DIAMETER HEPATOSIT MENCIT (Mus musculus L.) BETINA SETELAH PAPARAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MIMBA (Azadirachta indica Juss.)

Pro-Life ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Anisa Nurul Hasana ◽  
Agung Janika Sitasiwi ◽  
Sri Isdadiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
Neem Tree ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Hepatocyte Damage ◽  
Paraffin Method

Neem leaves is one part of the neem tree which can be used as a traditional medicinal herb. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of neem leaf ethanol extract on hepatosomatic index (HSI) and hepatocyte diameter in female mice. The study used a Complete Randomized Design consist of 4 treatments and 5 replications including K (aquadest), P1, P2 and P3 (neem leaf ethanol extract with dose of 8.4,11.2 and 14 mg/ kg BW/day. The treatment was administered orally with a volume of 0.2 mL for 21 days. Body weight were measured every 7 days. The liver was isolated, weighed and histologically prepared with paraffin method, HE staining and 5 μm incision thickness. HSI value determined from body weight and liver weight. Hepatocyte diameter were measured on 7 hepatocytes per lobule. The data was analyzed using ANOVA at 95% confidence level. The results showed that neem leaf ethanol extract had no significant effect (p> 0,05) on  body weight, liver weight, HSI value and hepatocyte diameter, but the liver microanatomy showed hepatocyte damage. It can be concluded that exposure of neem leaf ethanol extract for 21 days still safe to be used for reference of traditional medicine. Keywords: Neem leaf, HSI, hepatocyte diameter

scholarly journals KARATERISTIK ORGAN BAGIAN DALAM AYAM BURAS YANG DIBERI PAKAN MINYAK KELAPA (Cocos nucifera) DALAM RANSUM

ZOOTEC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Jein Rinny Leke ◽  
F.N. Sompie ◽  
E. Wantasen ◽  
T. Widyastuti ◽  
E.H.B. Sondakh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Pancreas Weight

INTERNAL ORGANS CHAR ACTERISTICS OF NATIVE CHICKEN FED BY COCONUT OIL (Cocos nucifera) ON DIET. The research was carried to determine the internal organs characteristics of buras chickens fed coconut (Cocos mucifera) oil in diet. A total 100 unsexed buras chickens was used in this experiment. The design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 5 replications (4 hens each). The data were subjected to analysis of variance, when the treatments indicated significant effect it was continued Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Five dietary treatments containing 0, 0.5%, 1 %, 1,5%, and 2% levels of coconut oil (CO) with five replicates were applied to chickens.  Parameters measured were body weight, heart, liver, pancreas  and gizzard weight. Result showed that CO in the ration significantly increased the body weight (P<0.01) but did not affect to heart weight, liver weight, pancreas weight and gizzard weight.(P>0.05) It can be concluded that coconut oil in the diet can’t increase the internal organ characteristics. We can gave the 2% CO in the diet for the best results. Key words: Internal Organs, Coconut Oil, Buras Chickens

Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) extract specifically suppresses the growth of tumors in H22-bearing Kunming mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenxiang He ◽  
Cuihua Jiang ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Zhiqi Yin ◽  
Zengfang Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Neem Tree ◽  
Specific Cytotoxicity ◽  
The Right

Abstract Recently, neem tree (Azadirachta indica) extract (NTE) has been reported to have various antitumor activities against gastric, breast, prostate, and skin cancer, respectively. The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of NTE on hepatic cancer in a mouse model. The possible side effects elicited by NTE were also evaluated. The components in NTE were analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). H22 cells-bearing Kumming mice were generated by injecting H22 cells subcutaneously into the right forelimb armpit of the mice. Then the mice were treated daily for 27 days with NTE (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg body weight) by intragastric administration, using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC, 1%) as blank control and cyclophosphamide (CTX, 20 mg/kg) as positive control. The antitumor effect of NTE was evaluated by assessment of survival rate, body weight, tumor volume and weight, tumor histology, thymus and spleen indexes, and liver histology. The tumor weight and volume in groups of NTE and CTX were significantly lower than those in the CMC group. The survival rate in the NTE group receiving the high dose (600 mg/kg) was significantly higher than that in the CTX and CMC groups. Compared with CTX, NTE was observed to have a tumor-specific cytotoxicity without impairing the normal liver tissue. Additionally, the higher indexes of thymus and spleen indicated that NTE could facilitate the growth of immune organs. The results indicate that NTE is a promising candidate for the antitumor treatment with high efficacy and safety.

scholarly journals Benefits of Adding Virginiamycin to Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822) Diet Cultivated in the Brazilian Amazon

Scientifica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jucilene Cavali ◽  
Jerônimo V. Dantas-Filho ◽  
Beatriz A. Nóbrega ◽  
Lucas Henrique V. Andrade ◽  
Rute B. Pontuschka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Commercial Feed

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological, zootechnical, and environmental benefits of the use of growth-promoting virginiamycin in the pirarucu diet. The research was conducted at the Carlos Eduardo Matiazze Fish Center, Federal University of Rondônia. In this study, 96 pirarucu fish were distributed in excavated nursery, divided into two treatment groups, control (0.0 mg kg−1) and treatment (75.0 mg kg−1) of feed with virginiamycin, with 8 replications in a completely randomized design. With virginiamycin being incorporated into commercial feed, for 107 days of cultivation, the fish were slaughtered with an average weight of 9.18 kg. Carcass weight, flesh, residues, and internal organs/guts were evaluated to calculate slaughter yields, Spearman’s correlation, and subsequently regression. For the quantification of micronuclei, a count of 1,000 cells per blade was determined. The means of the results obtained were contrasted by the Student’s t-test (α = 0.05). Virginiamycin did not cause oscillations in the limnological variables of the nursery but could reduce micronucleated erythrocytes. The average yields in carcass, flesh, and waste were 67.43, 53.4, and 43.14%, respectively. Virginiamycin provided strong correlations (ρ2) for better productive yields and lower slaughter residue. The hepatosomatic index indicated a strong relationship between liver weight and fat. Virginiamycin may be recommended for fish farming in pirarucu fattening because it contributes to the productive efficiency and sustainability of the fish farm system.

scholarly journals TOXICIDADE AGUDA DO INSETICIDA PARATION METÍLICO E DO BIOPESTICIDA AZADIRACTINA DE FOLHAS DE NEEM (Azadirachta indica) PARA ALEVINO E JUVENIL DE PACU (Piaractus mesopotamicus)

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAUDINEI CRUZ ◽  
JOAQUIM G. MACHADO-NETO ◽  
MANOEL LIMA DE MENEZES
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Methyl Parathion ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Piaractus Mesopotamicus ◽  
Neem Leaves

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram calcular a CL (I) 50-96h do inseticida organofosforado paration metílico e do biopesticida azadiractina para alevinos e juvenis de pacu ( P. mesopotamicus). Também pretendeu-se avaliar o efeito do peso corpóreo sobre a toxicidade aguda do paration metílico e do neem para o pacu, bem como classificar o risco ambiental do uso de paration metílico e do neem para o controle de parasitas e patógenos de pacu. Foram realizados dois experimentos, em condições laboratoriais, para a determinação da concentração letal (CL (I) 50-96h). A CL (I) 50-96h calculada do paration metílico foi de 3,97 mg/L para os alevinos e de 9,89 mg/L para os juvenis. Para a azadiractina foi de 1,20 mg/L para os alevinos e de 1,18 mg/L para os juvenis. As concentrações de 1,0 mg/L de paration metílico para os alevinos e de 7,5 mg/L para os juvenis e as de 0,29 e 0,59 mg/L de azadiractina não provocaram mortalidade nos animais expostos e podem ser utilizadas como referência em estudos de controle de parasitas em pacu . O paration metílico foi menos tóxico para os alevinos e para os juvenis de pacu do que a azadiractina, indicando a necessidade de cuidados com a utilização de extratos aquosos de neem no ambiente aquático. ACUTE TOXICITY OF THE INSECTICIDE METHYL PARATHION AND OF THE BIOPESTICIDE AZADIRACHTIN FROM NEEM LEAVES (Azadirachta indica) TO ALEVINE AND JUVENILE PACU (Piaractus mesopotamicus) Abstract The objectives of the present study were: to calculate the lethal concentration LC (I) 50-96 h of methyl parathion and of the biopesticide azadirachtin to alevine and juvenile pacu ( P. mesopotamicus). Also to determine the effect of body weight on acute toxicity of methyl parathion and of neem for pacu, as well as to classify the environmental risk of the methyl parathion and neem uses for the control of pacu parasites and pathogens. Two experiments were performed under laboratory conditions for the determination of the LC (I) 50-96 h. The LC (I) 50-96 h of methyl parathion was 3.97 mg/L for alevine and 9.89 mg/L for juvenile fish. The LC (I) 50-96 h of azadirachtin was 1.20 mg/L for alevine and 1.18 mg/L for juvenile pacu. Concentrations of 1.0 and 7.5 mg/L of methyl parathion and of 0.29 and 0.59 mg/L of azadirachtin for alevine and juvenile pacu, respectively, did not cause mortality in the exposed animals and can be used as references in studies on the control of parasites in pacu. Methyl parathion was less toxic to alevine and juvenile pacu than azadirachtin, indicating the need for careful utilization of aqueous neem extracts in aquatic environments.

Effect of feeding water washed neem (Azadirachta indica) seed cake and salt sprinkled neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves on growth performanceand nutrient digestibility in Osmanabadi kids

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Korake ◽  
A. T. Shinde ◽  
B. M. Thombre
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Seed Cake ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Twenty four Osmanabadi weaned male kids with average live weight of 10.80 kg were divided into four equal groups and fed with WWNSC and salt sprinkled neem leaves for 182 days to study the effect on growth performance and nutrient digestibility. The daily gain in body weight was significantly (Pis less than 0.05) higher in kids fed with salt sprinkled neem leaves individually than kids fed with WWNSC individually and in combination with salt sprinkled neem leaves. The DM, DCP and TDN intake in terms of per cent live body weight was significantly (Pis less than 0.05) higher in kids fed with salt sprinkled neem leaves individually than kids fed with WWNSC individually. Moreover, digestibility (%) of DM, CF and NFE was significantly (P is less than 0.05) higher in kids fed with salt sprinkled neem leaves individually over kids fed with WWNSC individually except CP which was comparable in all treatments groups.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK ETANOL KEMBANG SEPATU (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) TERHADAP JUMLAH SPERMATOZOA, BERAT BADAN, DAN BERAT TESTIS TIKUS JANTAN WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Nabila S Petta ◽  
Edwin De Queljoe ◽  
Rooije R.H. Rumende
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK ETANOL KEMBANG SEPATU (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) TERHADAP JUMLAH SPERMATOZOA, BERAT BADAN, DAN       BERAT TESTIS TIKUS JANTAN WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus)ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol kembang sepatu terhadap jumlah spermatozoa tikus jantan wistar (Rattus norvegicus). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan menggunakan 24 ekor tikus putih jantan galur wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang dibagi atas beberapa kelompok dimana kelompok 1 sebagai kelompok kontrol tanpa perlakuan, kelompok 2, 3 dan 4 sebagai kelompok perlakuan dengan dosis secara berturut-turut 3,6 mg/ml; 7,2 mg/ml; dan 14,4 mg/ml. Perlakuan diberikan secara oral sekali sehari sebanyak 1 ml selama 50 hari sesuai siklus spermatogenesis. Variabel yang diamati yakni jumlah sel spermatozoa, berat badan, dan berat testis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol kembang sepatu dapat menurunkan jumlah sel spermatozoa, serta menyebabkan adanya perbedaan berat badan dan berat testis namun, berdasarkan hasil analisis varians, ekstrak etanol daun kembang sepatu tidak dapat menurunkan jumlah sel spermatozoa, berat badan dan berat testis tikus putih jantan galur wistar (Rattus norvegicus) secara signifikan.Kata Kunci: Sel spermatozoa, Kembang sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.),                    Tikus jantan Wistar (Rattus novergicus) THE INFLUENCE OF THE ETHANOL EXTRACTS  OF GRANTING HIBISCUS (Hibiscus Rosa-sinensis L.) AGAINST THE NUMBER OF SPERMATOZOA, WEIGHT AND THE WEIGHT OF THE TESTES MALE WISTAR RATS (Rattus norvegicus) ABSTRACTThis research’s objective is to know the influence of injecting ethanol extract from a hibiscus into a number of common male rats (Rattus norvegicus). This research uses the approach of complete randomized design (CRD) onto 24 common white rats (Rattus norvegicus) that is divided into groups, where group 1’s approach is control without treatment, groups 2, 3, and 4’s approach is with treatment, with consecutive doses being 3.6 mg/ml; 7.2 mg/ml; and 14.4 mg/ml.  The treatment is induced orally as large as 1cc per day for a total of 50 days following the spermatogenesis cycle. The variables that are being observed are the amount of spermatozoon cells, body weight, and testicle weight. The results of this research indicates that ethanol extract from hibiscuses, from a quantity perspective, can decrease spermatozoon cells, and it may also influence the body weight and testicle weight of the subject, in this case are common rats (Rattus norvegicus) but, from the mathematical results from Analysis Of Variance, ethanol extract from the leaves of a hibiscus cannot decrease the amount of spermatozoon, body weight, and testicle weight  of a common white rat (Rattus norvegicus).Keywords: Spermatozoon Cells, Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.), Common (white) rat (Rattus novergicus)

An annual cycle of vitellogenesis in the elasmobranch Scyliorhinus canicula

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. A. Craik
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
Scyliorhinus Canicula ◽  
Vitellogenin Synthesis ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Plasma Oestradiol

Plasma vitellogenin synthesis in adult female Scyliorhinus canicula L. continued throughout the year but the rate of synthesis was significantly lower between March and August than during the rest of the year. The hepatosomatic index (liver weight as percentage of body weight) underwent annual variation in both sexes but this variation was considerably more pronounced in the female. Increase in hepatosomatic index in the female was accompanied by increase in the percentage of lipid in the liver and was largely caused by increase in the total lipid content of the liver. Comparison of livers of males and females showed that the percentage of lipid was not significantly different while the percentage of solids insoluble in water and organic solvents was greater in the female. Oviposition, as indicated by the percentage of females with eggs in the oviducts, continued throughout the year, reaching a minimum in September-October. Between July and October, parameters associated with vitellogenesis began recovery from their respective annual minima in the following order: plasma oestradiol level, hepatosomatic index, rate of synthesis of plasma vitellogenin, gonosomatic index, plasma vitellogenin level, rate of oviposition.

scholarly journals The Internal Organs Weight of 6-Weeks Old Native Chickens after Supplement Addition With L-threonine and L-tryptophan in the Feed

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Charles Venirius Lisnahan ◽  
Oktavianus Rafael Nahak
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Intestinal Length ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Native Chickens ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Pancreas Weight

The aim of this experiment was to identify the internal organs weight of 6-weeks old native chickens after treatment feed with l-threonine and l-tryptophan supplement. This experimental research used 128 native chickens aged one-week-old in a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and four replications. The dietary treatments were T0 (control feed), T1 (T0 + 0.35% l-threonine + 0.10% l-tryptophan), T2 (T0 + 0.68% l-threonine + 0.17% l-tryptophan), and T3 (T0 + 1.00% l-threonine + 0.25% l-tryptophan). The variables measured included body weight, liver weight, pancreas weight, gizzard weight, and intestinal length. Statistical analysis showed that l-threonine and l-tryptophan significantly affected body weight, liver weight, pancreas weight, gizzard weight and intestinal length. Supplementing 1.00% l-threonine and 0.25% l- tryptophan to feed contributed to the highest body weight and internal organs weight of native chickens.

scholarly journals Immunomodulator of Ethanol Extracts of The Leaves Azadirachta indica Against Macrophage Peritoneal Cell in Mice Induced The Vaccine BCG

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Yogi Khoirul Abror ◽  
Evy Diah Woelansari ◽  
Suhariyadi Suhariyadi
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Neem Leaves

This research was conducted to determine the immunomodulatory effect of ethanol extract of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) to the number of peritoneal macrophages in mice wich induced by BCG vaccine. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine contained an attenuated Mycobacterium bovis. Mycobacterium bovis belongs to the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex (MTC) group that has a similar phenotype characteristic with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and similar clinical manifestations of tuberculosis.The type of the research that used in this study is laboratory experimental research with Post Test Design Design Only Control Group Design. The research was conducted at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Airlangga University in July 2017 using 25 male mice divided into five groups. The dosage of ethanol extract of the neem leaves given was 200 mg / Kg BW with variation for two days, four days, and six days are given.In the result of statistical data analysis using Kruskal-walis test, it is known that the significance value p = 0,03 (p <0,05), that means immunomodulatory of ethanol extract of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) give an effect to peritoneal macrophage cell number in mice wich induced by BCG vaccine, so that neem leaves ethanol extract can be applied to tuberculosis patients.

scholarly journals Dietary supplementation of Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extracts improved growth performance and reduced production cost in broilers

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1050-1055
Author(s):  
Torun Kumar Paul ◽  
Md. Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Md. Anowarul Haque ◽  
Sudipta Talukder ◽  
Yousuf Ali Sarker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Neem Leaves

Background and Aim: Global trend to remove the antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) from animals contributes to the exploration of successful measures to sustain production and reduces the intestinal diseases in the post-AGP era. Plant extracts, therefore, have been used to improve performance and intestinal health. Here, we conducted a study to evaluate the effects of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extracts (NLE) as alternatives to AGPs in broiler chickens. Materials and Methods: Sixty day-old broiler chicks were assigned to 12-floor pens, each stocked with five birds and divided into three treatment groups of four pens per treatment. The groups were: Negative control, basal diet without additives; positive control, basal diet with antibiotics and vitamins; and NLE treated group, basal diet supplemented with 0.1% aqua extract of neem leaves. Results: Overall feed intake was significantly (p≤0.05) highest in the positive control. Higher body weight, higher dressing percentage, and lower feed conversion ratio were observed in birds treated with NLE compared to the negative control group (p≤0.05) but not the positive control group (p>0.05). There was no significant variation in hematology between different groups. Furthermore, the economic evaluation indicated that the NLE treatment was found cheaper than control and antibiotic treatment in cost-benefit analysis. Conclusion: We suggest NLE might be a cheaper alternative to antibiotics in broiler production as indicated by improved body weight and feed efficiency.

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