scholarly journals Influence of melatonin pre-treatment and preconditioning by hypobaric hypoxia on the development of cortical photothrombotic ischemic lesion

2008 ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
I Matějovská ◽  
K Bernášková ◽  
D Krýsl ◽  
J Mareš
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ischemic Lesion ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Grade Iii

Photothrombotic model of ischemia (PT) is based on free radicalmediated endothelial dysfunction followed by thrombosis. Free radicals are also involved in hypoxic preconditioning. We tested the sensitivity of PT to preconditioning with hypobaric hypoxia and to pretreatment with melatonin. In adult Wistar rats, after intravenous application of Rose Bengal, a stereo-tactically defined spot on the denuded skull was irradiated by a laser for 9 min. The first experimental group underwent hypobaric hypoxia three days before irradiation. In the second experimental group, melatonin was applied intraperitoneally one hour before irradiation. Three days after irradiation, animals were sacrificed, the brains perfused, and stained with TTC. Ischemic lesions were divided into grades (I, II, III). In the control group (where no manipulation preceded photothrombosis), most animals displayed deep damage involving the striatum (grade III). The group preexposed to hypoxia showed similar results. Only 28.57 % of the melatonin pretreated animals exhibited grade III lesions, and in 57.14 % no signs of lesions were detected. Pre-exposure to hypoxia was not protective in our model. Pretreatment with melatonin lead to a significant reduction of the number of large ischemic lesions. This result is probably caused by protection of endothelial cells by melatonin.

scholarly journals Consequences of Dental Occlusion Enhancement by Means of Metal Crowns on the Animal Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 3517-3519
Author(s):  
Ana Ispas ◽  
Antarinia Craciun ◽  
Liana Lascu ◽  
Marcela Elisabeta Barbinta Patrascu ◽  
Mariana Constantiniuc
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Vertical Dimension ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Plasma Malondialdehyde

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a correlation between induced occlusal trauma and the occurrence of oxidative stress in the hippocampus. Twenty Wistar rats were randomized into three experimental groups and one control group. Animals in the experimental group were cemented modified crowns on molars to induce occlusal trauma in 7, 14 and 30 days. To evaluate the oxidative stress, blood was drawn from the hippocampus at 7, 14 and 30 day intervals. Oxidative stress was evaluated using the following specific tests: determination of plasma malondialdehyde and serum glutathione values. The results of the study demonstrate that malocclusion experienced by raising the vertical dimension in rats resulted in significant reductions in antioxidants and increase level of free radicals.

Experimental rationale for using a viscoprotection of the corneal endothelium on the graft formed with a femtosecond laser for the descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-96
Author(s):  
I.S. Tkachenko ◽  
◽  
B.E. Malyugin ◽  
S.A. Borzenok ◽  
D.S. Ostrovskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Corneal Endothelium ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽  
Lamellar Keratoplasty ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Endothelial Keratoplasty ◽  
Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty ◽  
Experimental Group

Purpose. To rationale experimentally the use of a viscoprotection of the corneal endothelium on the graft formed with a femtosecond laser for the descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty. Material and methods. In our study, we used 12 pig's corneoscleral discs. The preservation time before the experiment averaged 12±4 hours. The corneas were divided into 2 groups. In the operating room, the graft was formed using an LDV Z8 femtosecond laser (Ziemer, Switzerland) from the endothelial side. Before applanation of the donor cornea and femtolaser head, a 1% solution of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was applied to the endothelium - experimental group. The control group was appraised according to the standard technique, with the application of a few drops of a solution for storing the corneas. Then the applanation was monitored and evaluated by laser optical coherence tomography. Then the graft was separated from the bed and transferred to a conservation medium. Under laboratory conditions, to determine the viability of endothelial cells, the graft was stained with a «vital» dye with the commercial name Life and Dead (Abcam, UK) and placed in a confocal laser scanning microscope. Endothelial cells were counted using the ImageJ software. Results. In the experimental and control groups, the number of living endothelial cells (EC) was 91.06±1.49% and 83.86±2.14%, respectively (p<0.001). The number of dead ECs in the control group was 7.2±0.65% more than in the experimental group and amounted to 16.14±2.14% and 8.94±1.49%, respectively (p<0.001). Conclusion. The study demonstrated that the use of viscoprotection of the corneal graft endothelium for posterior lamellar keratoplasty is quite effective, and significantly reduces the loss of EC at the stage of cutting out the graft with a femtosecond laser. Key words: descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty, femtosecond laser, vital dyes.

scholarly journals Therapeutic effect of nifedipine combined with enalapril on elderly patients with coronary heart disease complicated with hypertension

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoye Wang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Experimental Group

【Abstract】Objective: Toanalyze the efficacy of combined drug therapy for elderly patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension.METHODS:Sixty-six elderly patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension were enrolled from December 2017 to November 2018. They were randomly divided into two groups, 33 patients in each group. Patients in the experimental group received nifedipine. In combination with enalapril, patients enrolled in the control group received nifedipine monotherapy.RESULTS:Compared with the control group, the total effective rate, Serum Nitric Oxide (Serum NO) after treatment, CRP after treatment, HCY after treatment, and blood pressure after treatment were significantly improved (P<0.05). Serum NO and treatment before treatment in the 2 groups. There was no significant difference in pre-CRP, pre-treatment HCY, pre-treatment blood pressure, and adverse reactions during treatment (P>0.05).Conclusion: Theelderly patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension are treated with nifedipine and enalapril.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidative Potential of Aloe vera on the Cartap and Malathion Mediated Toxicity in Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar Gupta ◽  
Abhishek Kumar ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Pereira ◽  
Nikhat Jamal Siddiqi ◽  
Bechan Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alternative Agent ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Histopathological Results

Aloe vera has been the most useful medicinal herb in the world since ancient times due to its vast biological effects. The presence of high content of bioactive compounds make Aloe vera a promising complementary and alternative agent in disease prevention. The effectiveness of A. vera-based medicines against pesticide toxicity has never been evaluated. It was therefore envisaged to develop an A. vera-based strategy to protect the non-target animals from adverse effects of the pesticides. This article illustrates the ameliorating effect of aqueous extract (AE) of A. vera leaves against the cartap and malathion toxicity. To evaluate the protective impact of A. vera against cartap (Ctp), malathion (Mtn) and a mixture of both pesticides, the animals were divided in eight groups, each containing six rats: Group 1- C (control), Group 2- AE + C, Group 3- Ctp, Group 4- Mtn, Group 5- Ctp + Mtn, Group 6- AE + Ctp, Group 7- AE + Mtn, Group 8- AE + Ctp + Mtn. Wistar rats exposed to Ctp, Mtn and Ctp + Mtn, displayed significant change in body weight. It was observed that the WBC level increased significantly in Mtn and Ctp + Mtn challenged groups. The contents of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum increased expressively in the Ctp, Mtn and Ctp + Mtn challenged groups. Rats treated with Ctp, Mtn and Ctp + Mtn displayed significant alterations in the levels of antioxidative indices (MDA, GSH, GST, GPx, SOD and CAT). Significant alterations were recorded in the activities of AST, ALT, ACP and ALP in Ctp, Mtn and Ctp + Mtn challenged groups. The histopathological results of liver supported the biochemical data. The pre-treatment of rats with the aqueous extract of A. vera leaves significantly protected them from the toxicity of pesticides. These results suggested that A. vera extract may be used as a promising natural agent for the management of pesticide induced toxicity.

scholarly journals Bisphosphonate’s Effect on Tongue Mucosa: An Experimental Electron Microscopy Study

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Theodora Papamitsou ◽  
Antonios Morsi-Yeroyannis ◽  
Anastasios Papanastasiou ◽  
Nikolaos Bakalopoulos ◽  
Eva-Maria Dietrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Intercellular Space ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Experimental Group

Background and objectives: Bisphosphonates (BPs) are selective inhibitors of osteoclasts, used for the treatment of bone disorders. The objective of this study is to investigate the possible effects of BPs on the tongue’s mucosa. Materials and Methods: Specimens of the tongue of 20 female 12-month old Wistar rats were taken. Ten were used as control group, while in the remaining alendronate (Fosamax, Merck) was administered per os from 13 weeks. Observation of the harvested samples was made by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Results: In the experimental group, focal alterations were observed to various extent in all specimens. The basement membrane was intact. Furthermore, an increase at the intercellular space was observed, predominantly at the middle layer, and the desmosomes were disorganized. In the lamina propria focal edema was observed. Conclusions: Investigation on the effect of BPs on the tongue’s mucosa through TEM hasn’t been documented in the past. According to our results, BPs seem to cause mild mucosal lesions on the tongue.

Markers of Endothelial Angiogenic Dysfunction in Patients with Antiphospholipid Antibodies

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 2300-2300
Author(s):  
Karen A Breen ◽  
Kiran Parmar ◽  
Beverley J Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibodies ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vegf Receptor ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Related Complication ◽  
Obstetric Aps

Abstract Abstract 2300 Background: The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterised by presence of persistent antiphospholipid antibodies in association with thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity and mortality. Activation of endothelial cells by aPL has been proposed to pay a role in the pathogenesis of APS;antiphospholipid antibodies(aPL) activate endothelial cells in vitro and some evidence of endothelial cell perturbation has been found in patients with aPL. Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) promotes endothelial cell growth and angiogenesis and has been shown to upregulate tissue factor(TF), and elevated VEGF levels have been found to correlate with elevated TF levels in APS. Soluble FMS like tyrosine kinase −1(SLFT-1) and soluble Endoglin(sENG) are antiangiogenic proteins. sFLT1 is a variant of the VEGF receptor released by endothelial cells and monocytes, binds VEGF causing endothelial dysfunction and decreased angiogenesis. sENG is a TGFβ co-receptor which impairs TGF β1 receptor binding and its downstream signalling effects. sFLT-1 and sENG are implicated in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia, and are elevated in disorders associated with endothelial dysfunction such as sickle cell disease, chronic kidney disease and coronary artery disease, but have not been studied in patients with aPL. Aims: The aim of this study was to measure sFLT1, sENG, sTF and VEGF in patients with aPL. Materials & methods: Local ethics committee approval was obtained and samples were taken from 182 patients (175 females, 7 males, median age 42 (range 19–73) years) who had PAPS, or had persistent aPL without associated complications. 28 healthy controls (28 females, median age (range 20–58) years) were included. Patients with PAPS included 95 with thrombotic complications, 48 with obstetric complications and 39 with isolated aPL. Patients with intercurrent infection or malignancy were excluded and the control group were not known to have aPL. Blood was drawn into Vacutainers containing EDTA 0.105M and processed within 3 hours of collection. ELISA assays measuring sFLT1, sENG, VEGF and sTF levels were performed according to manufacturer's protocol (Quidel, Pathway diagnostics ltd., Dorking, UK). Intra-assay CV for sFLT1,sENG, VEGF and sTF was 3.0,3.3,4.8 and 6.0 respectively. Inter assay CV for sFLT1,sENG, VEGF and sTF was 6.5,7.6, 7.4 and 5.0 respectively. Statistical analysis of results was performed using the Stata-11 software statistical package. Logarithmic transformation of data was performed and differences between groups were compared using linear regression methods, adjusting for age, ethnicity and medications. Results: Results are shown below in table 1 and are described as means and 95% confidence intervals (adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity and medications). sFLT1 and sENG levels were significantly higher in patients with aPL/PAPS compared to healthy controls(p<0.05). TF levels were significantly lower in patients with aPL/PAPS compared to healthy controls(p<0.05). There were no significant differences in VEGF levels in patients with aPL compared to controls(regardless of complication). When patients were categorised according to aPL related complication (thrombotic APS, obstetric aPS, isolated aPL), sFLT1 and sENG levels were found to be significantly higher in patients with thrombotic APS(p<0.05) compared to controls, sFLT1 levels were also significantly elevated in obstetric APS. TF levels were significantly lower in patients with obstetric APS and isolated aPL compared to controls. There were no differences between patients with aPL and controls when means were adjusted for age, ethnicity or medications. sFLT1 was associated with the presence of aPL/PAPS(area under ROC=0.76), whereas sENG had a weaker association (area under ROC: 0.65). Conclusions: We have demonstrated evidence of increased levels of sENG and sFLT1 in patients with aPL/PAPS.This suggests that there is underlying endothelial dysfunction in patients with APS. The role of sENG and sFLT1 in the pathogenesis of APS requires further exploration. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Expression Profiling of Genes Related to Endothelial Cells Biology in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Patients with Prediabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Moradipoor ◽  
Patimah Ismail ◽  
Ali Etemad ◽  
Wan Aliaa Wan Sulaiman ◽  
Salma Ahmadloo
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Endothelial dysfunction appears to be an early sign indicating vascular damage and predicts the progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disorders. Extensive clinical and experimental evidence suggests that endothelial dysfunction occurs in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and prediabetes patients. This study was carried out with an aim to appraise the expression levels in the peripheral blood of 84 genes related to endothelial cells biology in patients with diagnosed T2DM or prediabetes, trying to identify new genes whose expression might be changed under these pathological conditions. The study covered a total of 45 participants. The participants were divided into three groups: group 1, patients with T2DM; group 2, patients with prediabetes; group 3, control group. The gene expression analysis was performed using the Endothelial Cell Biology RT2Profiler PCR Array. In the case of T2DM, 59 genes were found to be upregulated, and four genes were observed to be downregulated. In prediabetes patients, increased expression was observed for 49 genes, with two downregulated genes observed. Our results indicate that diabetic and prediabetic conditions change the expression levels of genes related to endothelial cells biology and, consequently, may increase the risk for occurrence of endothelial dysfunction.

scholarly journals Metabolic Correction of Primary Hemostasis in the Acute Phase of Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68
Author(s):  
G. A. Boyarinov ◽  
O. D. Solovyova ◽  
E. I. Yakovleva ◽  
L V. Boyarinova ◽  
A. V. Deryugina
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Liver Sinusoid ◽  
Primary Hemostasis ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine on the ultrastructural alterations in endothelial cells of liver sinusoidal capillaries (SC) and primary hemostasis in the acute phase of traumatic brain injury (TBI).Materials and methods. Ultrastructural endothelial cell changes were studied in 36 female outbred rats in the acute phase of TBI using electron microscopy, and the platelet count was determined using a blood analyzer. The experimental group (n=18) animals received intraperitoneal injections of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine at the dose of 8.0 mg/kg per day for 12 days, and the control group (n=18) rats were administered with normal saline solution at the same dose.Results. Administration of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine in the early post TBI period reduced microvilli damage in endothelial, hepatic and stellate cells in the Disse space, whereas in the control group a significant decrease of these cells counts was detected. In contrast to the control group, the experimental group animals did not demonstrate thrombocytopenia on the days 1, 3, and 7 after injury. There was a significant increase in the platelet count compared with the baseline values, which was highest on day 12 after injury.Conclusion. Intraperitoneal administration of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine in rats in early post TBI period inhibited the TBI-associated damaging effect of secondary factors on liver sinusoid endothelial cells and platelet consumption.

scholarly journals CAUSES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CORONARY SYNDROME X IN WOMEN

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
I.V. Tsiganenko ◽  
L.K. Ovcharenko
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Syndrome X ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Active Substances

The work considers the causes of the coronary X syndrome development in women by assessing the experimental group and the control group with typical angina pectoris with angiographically altered vessels. Each group included 30 patients. When studingy medical records of the patients in the study group, we found out that in the reproductive period all of them had hyperestrogenemia, confirmed by the laboratory data, with the corresponding consequences in the form of various gynecological diseases, while the patients of the control group had unburdened gynaecological history. In terms of the lipid spectrum, the results turned out to be opposite. In the experimental group, the rates were within the normal range, and the control level of LDL-C significantly exceeded the required values. Despite the fact that estrogens increase the concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in the blood and lower the content of low density lipoprotein (LDL) that are atherogenic, their surplus has a less negative effect than their lack, as the risk of developing atherosclerosis increases with decreasing concentration, and with an increase there is a risk of developing endothelial dysfunction, which provokes the development of coronary syndrome X. These date confirm the development of endothelial dysfunction in the patients of the experimental group with hyperestrogenemia in the history resulted from the impairment of the process of proliferation of endothelial cells with subsequent imbalance of secretion of biologically active substances. Among them, there is nitric oxide, which causes the relaxation of smooth myocytes, thus resulting in vasodilatation, and endothelins, providing the opposite, vasodilating effect. Prostacyclines and thrombomodulins secreted by the vascular endothelium in physiological conditions, counteract platelet aggregation. In the case of damage to the vascular wall, the production of prostacyclin and thrombomodulin is suppressed, but the release of thromboplastin, platelet activation factor and von Willerband factor activates that promote platelet aggregation and blood clotting. Under the participation of other physiologically active substances, selectins, endothelial cells promote adhesion to their surface and further penetration into the site of inflammation of neutrophils, blood acidophils. Selectin is accumulated in the cytoplasm of the endothelial cells in the form of specific electron-cellular inclusions, the so-called bodies of Weibel-Palade. Normally, vascular endothelium is impervious to blood components. However, being affected by a number of factors, and in particular histamine, endothelial cells lose contact with each other and decrease in number. This leads to the release of water and plasma proteins into the intercellular medium causing oedema. Due to the ability of the inner layer of vessels to produce a large number of biologically active substances, such changes can hardly be corrected by therapy.

scholarly journals Gastro-protective Effects of Honey in Male Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 4114-4125
Author(s):  
Owoyele B.V. ◽  
Ayinla M.T. ◽  
Esan A.A. ◽  
Bayo-Olugbami A.
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Acidity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Laboratory Models

Honey is consumed as food and also used in the treatments of ailment. However, honey of various types exhibit varying properties. Their therapeutic effects are determined by whether the honey is multifloral or monofloral, and also on the variety of nectars the honey is derived from. Manuka and Tualang types of honey were observed to possess anti-ulcer effects. However, no such report is available for University of Ilorin honey. This study therefore aimed to determine the gastroprotective effects of University of Ilorin honey in Wistar rats using two laboratory models for inducing ulcer (HCl/Ethanol and Indomethacin). Twenty rats each were assigned to four groups for each model of ulcer. The rats were treated for 12 days with the administration of distilled water (control), cimetidine (100 mg/kg b.w.) and University of Ilorin honey (250 mg/kg b.w. in one group and 1000 mg/kg b.w in another group). The rats were fasted for 24 hours after the last treatment. Then, the ulcerogens were given orally. After four hours, the rats were sacrificed, gastric juice was collected and the stomachs were examined for ulceration. The results revealed that pre-treatment with University of Ilorin honey reduced gastric index from 6.80±0.20 (1000 mg/kg b.w. to 2.40±0.24 (control) P<0.05 and 7.20±0.37 (1000 mg/kg b.w.) to 3.20±0.37 (control) P<0.05 in HCl/Ethanol and indomethacin induced ulcer models respectively. There was no significant difference in ulcer index between the cimetidine administered rats and the honey administered group (1000 mg/kg bw.), but the honey group (250 mg/kg bw.) was less effective than the cimetidine group in the models used. Also, there were no changes in gastric acidity in all the groups compared with the control group. In conclusion, the results showed that University of Ilorin honey has protective effect on the gastrointestinal tract which is not due to alteration of gastric acidity.

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