scholarly journals Melatonin as a Multipotent Component of Fish Feed: Basic Information for Its Potential Application in Aquaculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akash Acharyya ◽  
Joydeep Das ◽  
Kazi Nurul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Food Supplement ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Biological Stress

In vertebrates, melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxy-tryptamine, MEL) is synthesized from L-tryptophan (L-Trp), primarily in the pineal gland and additionally in several non-pineal tissues, including enterochromaffin cells of the gastrointestinal tract. The biosynthesis of MEL in the pinealocytes exhibits a daily rhythm with a nocturnal peak in synchronization with the dark phase of an environment. However, the temporal pattern of the gut melatoninergic system in fish is known to be synchronized with one or more non-photic external cue(s), of which most notable include the components of food and feeding time in a daily cycle. Experimental findings on the use of L-Trp (5-fold to −8-fold higher with respect to standard) as a fish food supplement suggest that it has a stimulatory influence on gut MEL synthesis that ultimately leads to elevated levels of plasma MEL. Several studies employing MEL as a fish feed additive report variable responses in relation to the physiological functions of the fish and its doses of application and modes of exposure. Oral administration of MEL (validated dose in general: 200 mg/kg fish food) causes an increase in gut MEL concentrations, food intake capacity, and micronutrient selection ability of fish, as well as enhanced activity of antioxidative enzymes and/or reduced levels of biological stress markers like plasma cortisol and lactate. The application of MEL with the doses of 50 and 250 mg/kg fish food to balanced diet results in precious maturation of gonads, high live sperm rate, and good quality seeds in catfish. A few studies on different fish groups administered with MEL through tank water reveal a significant increase in the fecundity rate, percentage of fertilization, and the number of hatched embryos. MEL injection through intraperitoneal or intramuscular routes also elicits variable responses in fish. Several studies suggest a major protective role of endogenous MEL against gastric ulcer induced by pathogenic bacterial infection. Taken together, MEL seems to be a multipotent physiological candidate involved in the regulation of a variety of body functions ranging from the synchronization of vital activities with environmental variables to the timing of reproduction in a changing system, from the acceleration of body growth to the determination of a pattern of development, and from the reduction of oxidative stress to the protection against microbial infections. Because aquaculture aims at substantially improving the quality and quantity of available aquatic resources employing convenient, consistent, and commercially exploitable measures, we find the reasons to suggest that the use of MEL or its precursor L-Trp as a fish food supplement may open up a new vista of aquaculture and, hence, present this review with an attempt to present the basic information on this area of interest to justify the hypothesis.

scholarly journals The Protective Role of Bacillus velezensis A2 on the Biochemical and Hepatic Toxicity of Zearalenone in Mice

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Wang ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Mingyang Wang ◽  
Si Chen ◽  
Sheng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water System ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Toxic Damage ◽  
Fermented Feed

Zearalenone (ZEN) is an estrogen-like mycotoxin produced by Fusarium that seriously compromises the safety of animal and human health. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the protective effect of Bacillus velezensis A2 against biochemical and pathological changes induced by zearalenone in mice. Kunming mice (n = 40; 25 ± 2 g) were allotted to four treatment groups: a control group (basic feed); a ZEN group (basic feed with a ZEN dose of 60 mg/kg); an A2 strain fermented feed group (150 g of feed mixed with 150 mL of sterile distilled water and inoculated with 5 mL of phosphate buffer salt (PBS) resuspended A2 strain); and an A2 strain fermented ZEN-contaminated feed group. (A2 strain group 150 mL pure bacterial distilled water system mixed with 150 g ZEN-contaminated feed.) Our results showed that the Bacillus velezensis A2 strain can completely degrade the ZEN-contaminated feed within 5 days. (The concentration of ZEN in fermentation was 60 μg/mL.) After the mice fed for 28 days, compared with the control group, the activities of AST and ALT were increased, the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) were decreased, and the amount of creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the ZEN group were increased in the mice serum (p < 0.05; p < 0.01). However, compared with the ZEN group, these biochemical levels were reversed in the A2 strain fermented feed group and in the A2 strain fermented ZEN-contaminated feed group (p < 0.05; p < 0.01). Furthermore, histopathological analysis only showed pathological changes of the mice liver in the ZEN group. The results showed that Bacillus velezensis A2 as additive could effectively remove ZEN contamination in the feed and protect the mice against the toxic damage of ZEN. In conclusion, Bacillus velezensis A2 has great potential use as a microbial feed additive to detoxify the toxicity of zearalenone in production practice.

scholarly journals Influence of free choice of feed on the productive qualities of two-year-old carp (cyprinus carpio l.) in ponds

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Valeriy Panov ◽  
Sergey Mustaev ◽  
Aleksandr Safonov ◽  
Stanislava Safonova ◽  
Anastasia Zolotova
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Fish Food

The results of research on the effect of feed with different feeding values and organoleptic properties on the productivity of two-year-old carp are presented. Within the same pond, the joint use of demand feeders (feeds with different tastes) makes it possible for fish to choose one of them in response to well-developed chemoreception. Diets of different calories affect the quality of the resulting fish production at different feed consumption. The combination of two feed types within one pond provides fish food savings per gain, despite the higher total consumption. Two-year-old fish give preference to more high-energy fish food. At the same time, fish consume 1/3–1/4 of low-energy food, regardless of the feeding time. The mass of fish consuming only low-energy fish food is 1.7 and 2.6 times less than that of fish consuming only high-energy fish food and fish simultaneously consuming these two foods, respectively. Combined feeding contributes to an increase in the relative muscle mass, primarily in comparison with fish fed only a high-energy diet. Fish-farming biological characteristics indicate higher fish yielding qualities in the case of simultaneous use of two types of feed (K-111 and Karp-38/12). Taste priorities must be considered in aquaculture fish farming.

scholarly journals Synthetic derivatives of genistein, their properties and possible applications.

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Rusin ◽  
Zdzisław Krawczyk ◽  
Grzegorz Grynkiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Gogler ◽  
Jadwiga Zawisza-Puchałka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Chemopreventive Agent ◽  
Synthetic Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of

Genistein, the principal isoflavone constituent of soybean, attracts much attention as a natural molecule with significant affinity towards targets of potential medicinal interest, but also as a food supplement or prospective chemopreventive agent. Since its physicochemical properties are considered suboptimal for drug development, much effort has been invested in designing its analogs and conjugates in hope to obtain compounds with improved efficacy and selectivity. The aim of this article is to summarize current knowledge about the properties of synthetic genistein derivatives and to discuss possible clinical application of selected novel compounds. Some basic information concerning chemical reactivity of genistein, relevant to the synthesis of its derivatives, is also presented.

scholarly journals Rationale for the use of humats in aquaculture (a review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-71
Author(s):  
N. Polischuk ◽  
◽  
B. Коvаlеnkо ◽  
V. Коvаlеnkо ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Fish Feeds ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Purpose. To prepare a justification for the use of sodium and potassium salts of humic and fulvic acids (humates) as substances with biologically active properties in fish feeds based on the analysis of sources of scientific and technical information and own experimental materials, Findings. A complex general characteristic of humic substances was provided, the mechanism of biologically active action of humates on living organisms was described. Examples of the use of humates in crop production, medicine, animal husbandry and aquaculture were given. The results of our own studies on the use of humates as a feed additive for valuable objects of aquaculture were presented. Prospects for the inclusion of micro-additives of sodium and potassium humates in the composition of fish feed in order to increase fish survival and digestibility of feed were outlined. Originality. To date, the introduction of humates into fish feed as micronutrients was experimental. The analysis of scientific sources and materials of own studies gave the basis for the conclusion about the need of complex detailed studying of mechanisms of effects of humates on fish. In particular, it is of interest to study the protective properties of humates from the accumulation of heavy metals in the body of fish for the use of micronutrients of these substances in fish feeds. Practical value. The use of humate feed additives in aquaculture will help to solve such urgent problems as the prevention of excessive losses of biological material of cultivated objects, reduction of feed costs, improvement of consumer characteristics of food products. Humates, as substances of natural origin with protective and immunomodulatory action, can become substitutes for some synthetic therapeutic and prophylactic drugs. Key words: aquaculture, humates, compound feed, feed additive, growth rate, survival, feed assimilation.

scholarly journals Поведение ленского осетра Acipenser baerii, Brandt при использовании нового типа корма

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.G. Skvortsova ◽  
Yu.S. Utkina ◽  
A.S. Demidova
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Acipenser Baerii ◽  
Food Object ◽  
Range Search ◽  
New Type ◽  
Type Factor

Ставилась задача исследовать влияние типа корма на пищевое поведение молоди ленского осетра, оценить поведение особей в фазе ближнего поиска и обнаружения пищевого объекта. Исследования проводили методом периодов на одной группе рыб, 5 экземпляров. Было установлено, что пищевой поиск нового типа корма исследуемые особи прошли успешно: пищевой объект удерживался рыбой после первого схватывания. К концу опытов при кормлении рыбы гидролизатом продолжительность латентного времени питания снижалась, что свидетельствует о процессах привыкания к новому типу корма. При кормлении гидролизатом за три дня эксперимента латентное время питания сократилось на 13 пунктов. При кормлении же комбикормом продолжительность латентного времени питания, наоборот, увеличилась в 2,2 раза. Время, проведённое на кормовом пятне молодью ленского осетра контрольной и опытной групп, также было различным. Частички комбикорма рыбы съедали быстрее, чем гидролизат. В целом по эксперименту наибольшее влияние фактор тип корма оказывает на скорость питания (5,86). Рацион питания практически не зависит от типа корма.The task was to investigate the influence of the type of feed on the feeding behavior of juvenile Lena sturgeon, to evaluate the behavior of individuals in the phase of short-range search and detection of a prey. The researches were conducted by the method of periods on one group of fish with 5 specimens. It was found that the food search for a new type of food was successful in individuals under investigation: the food object was held by fish after the first grasping. By the end of the experiments when feeding a fish with a condensed fish solubles the duration of latency feeding time has decreased which indicates the processes of getting used to the new type of food. When fed with a condensed fish solubles for three days of the experiment the latency feeding time was reduced by 13 points. When feeding with complete feed the duration of latent feeding time on the contrary has increased in 2.2 times. The time spent on the fodder spot by the juvenile Lena sturgeon of the control and experimental groups was also different. Particles of fish feed were eaten faster than the condensed fish solubles. On the whole of the experiment the feed type factor has the greatest influence on the feed rate (5.86). The diet is almost independent of the type of feed.

scholarly journals Effects of Various Meal Compositions on Production Results, Economic Performance and Fish Meat Quality/Uticaj Različitog Sastava Obroka Na Proizvodnoekonomske Rezultate I Kvalitet Mesa Ribe

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tešić Milan ◽  
Baltić Milan ◽  
Teodorović Vlado ◽  
Nedić Drago ◽  
Mirilović Milorad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Production Economic ◽  
Combined Feed ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of various dietary meal compositions on production, economic performance and meat quality of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Experimental group (0-I) was fed with a mixture containing 30% fish meal, 35% soybean meal, 30% sardines and 5% fish oil. Experimental group 0-II was fed with a combined meal consisting of 75% of fish food pellets and 25% of sardines. The control group (C) was fed with a standard complete pelleted feed. The best result was obtained in group 0-II, while group C achieved results common for local food quality and farming conditions in Serbia. Group 0-I had less productive results compared to group C and group 0-II. Feed used in group 0-II has its own nutritional, biological and economic justification. Use of different fish meals had no significant influence on trout meat chemical composition, except the fat content which was significantly higher in group 0-II. Considering current market prices of fish feed and fish as a final product, the best economic results were achieved by using the combined feed in group 0-II.

scholarly journals Pelatihan pembuatan pupuk bokasi dari limbah kotoran ayam untuk meningkatkan kualitas air media budidaya lele Dumbo di Kelurahan Mentangor, Kecamatan Tenayan Raya, Kotamadya Pekanbaru Provinsi Riau

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 184-191
Author(s):  
Mulyadi Mulyadi ◽  
Iesje Lukistyowati ◽  
Niken Ayu Pamukas ◽  
Adelina Adelina
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Service Activities ◽  
Farmer Groups

Chicken manure is an organic material that is abundant in Mentangor Village which has been used as fertilizer when fertilizing ponds, however the continuous use of fertilizers can reduce the quality of the bottom soil and pond water. One of the technological innovations to improve the quality of chicken manure is fermentation using EM4 to produce bokashi fertilizer. Bokashi fertilizer can increase the abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton which are useful as natural fish food so that they can reduce the use of artificial feed, which in turn can reduce the operational costs of fish farming. Community service activities are carried out for the purpose of innovating knowledge and skills of fish farmers regarding techniques for making bokashi fertilizer from chicken manure and techniques for making fish feed in the form of pellets to increase cultivated fish production. This activity is carried out by lecturing, discussion and practice methods, which involve fish cultivator groups and Kukerta students. The results of community service activities show the high enthusiasm of farmers towards the activities carried out, resulting in increased knowledge, insight and skills of farmer groups. Thus, fish farming activities can be carried out by farmers by reducing operational costs for pond management and provision of feed so as to produce high fish production and increase the income and welfare of farmer groups.

scholarly journals PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN PAKAN IKAN BAGI PEMUDA DAN PEMBUDIDAYA IKAN PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI KABUPATEN ALOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Yulianto Tell ◽  
Zakarias Adrianto Mautuka ◽  
Mando Kolimon ◽  
Dina Lande
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Price ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Training Activity ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Level Of Understanding

Tingginya harga pakan ikan di pasaran mengakibatkan banyak pembudidaya ikan di kabupaten Alor tidak dapat menyediakan pakan ikan secara berkesinambungan. Kebutuhan pakan ikan selama ini hanya mengandalkan pasokan dari luar melalui bantuan Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Alor. Ketika terjadi pembatasan akses akibat pandemi Covid-19 di kabupaten Alor, telah mengakibatkan terhentinya rantai pasokan pakan ikan dari luar. Pada sisi lain, para pembudidaya ikan di kabupaten Alor tidak memiliki pemahaman dan keterampilan dalam memproduksi pakan ikan secara mandiri. Dalam kondisi demikian maka kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat perlu dilaksanakan khususnya untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan pembudidaya ikan. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian yakni pelatihan formulasi pakan ikan melalui FGD dan praktek pembuatan pakan ikan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pemahaman peserta sebelum mengikuti pelatihan adalah 58,43% meningkat menjadi 79,76% setelah mengikuti pelatihan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa perpaduan metode pelatihan dalam bentuk FGD dan praktek kerja memiliki dampak positif dalam peningkatan pemahaman peserta. Secara umum kegiatan pelatihan ini telah meningkatkan pemahaman peserta dengan peningkatan pemahaman sebesar 21,33%. Kata kunci: FGD, Covid-19, Pakan Ikan, Formulasi ABSTRACT The high price of fish feed in the market has resulted in many fish farmers in the Alor district being unable to provide fish feed sustainably. The need for fish feed has so far only relied on supplies from outside through the assistance of the Alor Regency Marine and Fisheries Service. When there was a restriction on access due to the Covid-19 pandemic in the Alor district, it had resulted in the interruption of the supply chain for fish food from outside. On the other hand, fish cultivators in the Alor district do not have the understanding and skills in producing fish feed independently. In such conditions, community service activities need to be carried out in particular to improve the understanding and skills of fish cultivators. The method used in the community service was training in fish feed formulation through FGD and practice of making fish feed. The analysis showed that the participant’s level of understanding before attending the training was 58.43%, increasing to 79.76% after attending the training. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the combination of training methods in the form of FGDs and practical work has a positive impact on increasing participant’s understanding. In general, this training activity has increased participant’s understanding by increasing understanding by 21.33%.    Keywords: FGD, covid-19, Fish Feed, Formulation

scholarly journals Feed Additive of Binder Seaweed Grass in Fish Feed Formulation on Physical Characteristics and Efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiki Haetami ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Durability Test ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rupture Speed

The study was designed experimentally using a Completely Randomized Design, five treatments were repeated three times included the use of carboxymethyl cellulose as a control as much as 5%, and the treatment of feed additives of seaweed as much as 5%, 75%, 10% and 12.5%. The parameters measured were feed efficiency, rupture speed test, sink speed test, durability test, stability test and moisture content test using Analysis of Variance and continued with Duncan's Multiple Distance Test. The results showed that seaweed binder additive feed increased (p <0.05) durability and stability in water, but did not show a significant difference (p> 0.05) on feed efficiency, breaking speed and sinking speed. Stability of pellets in water with the addition of seaweed binders of 10% is significantly higher (p <0.05) than other pellets, i.e. after 10 - 60 minutes ranging from 82.70% -97.40% with pellet durability of 98.24% and feed efficiency of 42.93%.

scholarly journals Lemna sp. as a Chromium Heavy Metal Phytoremediator on Tannery Wastewater and its Potential Use as Fish Feed

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Inggia P. Pamungkas ◽  
Yuli Andriani ◽  
Junianto . ◽  
Iskandar .
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
T Test ◽  
Tannery Wastewater ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Average Ability ◽  
Cr Concentration ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Paired T Test

Aims: This research aims to determine the ability of Lemna sp. as a phytoremediation agent in absorbing chromium (Cr) in tannery wastewater. Study Design:  A total of 20 fiber tubs with size 80 x 80 x 40 cm3 and volume of 256 L were prepared and filled with 30 L each of the tannery wastewater and 1.75% bio-slurry added with a volume of wastewater as a source of nutrition for Lemna sp.. The number of Lemna sp. which is used for culture was 180 g for each fiber tube. Place and Duration of Study: Culturing Lemna sp. in tannery wastewater were carried out in Ciparanje Land Fisheries Area of ​​the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Universitas Padjadjaran and for chromium analysis were carried out in Center for Natural Resources and Environment Research of Universitas Padjadjaran, between February and March 2019. Methodology: This research was carried out by culturing Lemna sp. in tannery wastewater for five days with 20 replications and comparing Cr concentrations in tannery wastewater and Lemna sp. at the end and beginning of the research. Chromium analysis results on the tannery wastewater and Lemna sp. the beginning and end of the research on each sample was tested by paired t-test. Results: by culturing Lemna sp. in the tannery wastewater as phytoremediation agent for five days the results obtained Cr concentration at the beginning of research each for tannery wastewater and Lemna sp. ranged from 0.180 to 0.194 mg/L with an average of 0.187±0.0034 mg/L and 0 mg/kg. While at the end of the research the concentration of Cr in tannery wastewater and Lemna sp. respectively ranged from 0.057-0.075 mg/L with an average of 0.068±0.0044 mg/L and 2.292-2.333 mg/kg with an average of 2.314±0.0101 mg/kg. There was a decrease in Cr concentration by an average of 64.01±1.96% in tannery wastewater and an increase in Lemna sp.. Paired t-test results showed that Lemna sp. which was cultured in tannery wastewater had a significant influence on Cr concentrations in both tannery wastewater and Lemna sp so that there were significant differences in Cr concentrations at the beginning (day 0) and at the end of the research (day 5). Conclusion: Average ability of Lemna sp. in absorbing and accumulating chromium in the tannery wastewater in the tissue was 2.314±0.0101 mg/kg and the average reduction in Cr concentration in liquid waste was 64.01±1.96%. Utilization of Lemna sp. containing chromium is possible to be used as a food supplement for fish to increase growth due to reduced Cr toxicity by Lemna sp.

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