Hesitation and Refusal Factors in Individuals' Decision-Making Processes Regarding a Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination

Introduction: Considering the global prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a vaccine is being developed to control the disease as a complementary solution to hygiene measures—and better, in social terms, than social distancing. Given that a vaccine will eventually be produced, information will be needed to support a potential campaign to promote vaccination.Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the variables affecting the likelihood of refusal and indecision toward a vaccine against COVID-19 and to determine the acceptance of the vaccine for different scenarios of effectiveness and side effects.Materials and Methods: A multinomial logistic regression method based on the Health Belief Model was used to estimate the current methodology, using data obtained by an online anonymous survey of 370 respondents in Chile.Results: The results indicate that 49% of respondents were willing to be vaccinated, with 28% undecided or 77% of individuals who would potentially be willing to be inoculated. The main variables that explained the probability of rejection or indecision were associated with the severity of COVID-19, such as, the side effects and effectiveness of the vaccine; perceived benefits, including immunity, decreased fear of contagion, and the protection of oneself and the environment; action signals, such as, responses from ones' family and the government, available information, and specialists' recommendations; and susceptibility, including the contagion rate per 1,000 inhabitants and relatives with COVID-19, among others. Our analysis of hypothetical vaccine scenarios revealed that individuals preferred less risky vaccines in terms of fewer side effects, rather than effectiveness. Additionally, the variables that explained the indecision toward or rejection of a potential COVID-19 vaccine could be used in designing public health policies.Conclusions: We discovered that it is necessary to formulate specific, differentiated vaccination-promotion strategies for the anti-vaccine and undecided groups based on the factors that explain the probability of individuals refusing or expressing hesitation toward vaccination.

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Kepatuhan Medikasi Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Berdasarkan Teori Health Belief Model (HBM) Di Diabetes Center Kota Ternate Tahun 2017

Interest : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan ◽

10.37341/interest.v7i2.23 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Muhlisa Muhlisa ◽

Amira BSA

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Family Support ◽

Health Belief Model ◽

Medication Compliance ◽

Health Belief ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Government ◽

Diabetes Center ◽

Belief Model

Background: Riskesdas in 2013, North Maluku Province is one of the areas in Indonesia with the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) of 1.1%. Data obtained from Diabetes Centre registers, from January to June 2017, the average patient DM visiting are 126 each month. Efforts have been made by the government in tackling the DM problem, but cases in Indonesia are still high. The study used the Health Belief Model (HBM) approach developed by Rosentock and Becker in 1974. HBM is a conceptual framework for understanding individual health behaviors. The purpose of this study is the identification of the perceptual factors of susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, obstacles and family support factors to compliance medication DM patients in the work area of Diabetes Center Ternate City in 2017. Method: using cross sectional approach with Sample amounted to 98 respondents. Instruments using Knowledge and Perception Questionnaire were analyzed using Chi Square test. Results: obtained are almost all respondents have perceptions of vulnerability, seriousness, benefits and obstacles are positive, as well as medication compliance, while for more family support is lacking. Conslusions: Statistical test result there is no correlation between perception of susceptibility, seriousness and benefit with medication compliance whereas perception of obstacles showed significant relationship.

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EFFICACY OF FEAR APPEALS ON ADOPTION OF COVID-19 PREVENTIVE MEASURES: A CASE OF BODA BODA RIDERS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i6.2020.533 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kinya Kathure Kigatiira

Keyword(s):

Preventive Measures ◽

Case Study Research ◽

Health Belief ◽

Fear Appeals ◽

Telephone Interviews ◽

Convenience Sampling ◽

The Government ◽

Belief Model ◽

The Health Belief Model

This study was an investigation of the effectiveness of fear appeals on the adoption of COVID-19 preventive measures among boda boda riders in the Nairobi County, Kenya. The problem of the study was that little or no research has been conducted on fear appeals and adoption of COVID-19 preventive measures, hence a gap that demands specific studies to be undertaken to fill it. This study draws from the Health Belief Model (HBM). Case study research design was used because the study focused only on boda boda riders operating in the seventeen constituencies in Nairobi County. Convenience sampling was used to identify the riders who were available and willing to participate in the study. The main data collection tool was telephone interviews. Findings of this study revealed that fear appeals were effective in making boda boda riders in Nairobi County adopt the COVID-19 preventive measures. The boda boda riders’ felt that they were susceptible to the coronavirus disease, police arrests, fourteen days mandatory quarantine, motorcycles being impounded and payment of fines, if they did not adopt the COVID-19 preventive measures. Moreover, the riders believed that the virus posed a more serious threat to their health and lives. The operators perceived susceptibility to the threats, elicited high levels of fear. The COVID-19 preventive measures, also, provided the riders with an effective method of changing behavior which they believe will protect them from contracting the virus. This study recommended that in order to motivate the boda boda riders to continue practicing the COVID-19 preventive measures, the government should frequently give the riders masks and hand sanitizers. Further, more communication campaigns should be developed and conducted on COVID-19 awareness and prevention among boda boda riders.

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Community Perception of COVID-19: A Qualitative Approach through Applying the Health Belief Model

10.21203/rs.3.rs-113275/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gamachu Gishe ◽

Tamirat Hailu ◽

Rameto Aman ◽

Sisay Dango

Keyword(s):

Political Ideology ◽

Health Belief ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Physical Distance ◽

Community Perception ◽

Common People ◽

Corona Virus ◽

The Government ◽

Belief Model

Abstract Objectives: To explore community perception of COVID -19 pandemic. Methods: In depth exploratory design was utilized. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select 45 participants from all categories of population. Semi-structured interview guide and observation checklist were used to collect data from participants. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.Results: in the very beginning when few Corona Virus cases were reported, in general, people were scared to death. But as the number of infected cases reported more and more people have also became immune to the fear of corona virus. Even some section of people associated with a particular political ideology, assume that there is no corona virus at all. Hotels, cafeterias and shopping centers are not as cautious as they were in the beginning. As a result, streets are crowded and the public started living regular life. Therefore, the covid protocol like wearing face masks, using sanitizers, physical distance and all have become just a ritual. Conclusions: It is evident that most of the government workers like bank employees, traffic police and all are well aware of Covid-19 preventive methods and consequences and try their best to make the people to be part of the fight against the pandemic. But the common people from different walks of life, some with ignorance, some with innocence and some with a particular political ideology defy and violate the WHO covid-19 protocol.

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Governmental and public thematic patterns on vaccination during a measles outbreak: the Romanian perspective

Global Health Promotion ◽

10.1177/1757975920973000 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 175797592097300

Author(s):

Camelia Cmeciu ◽

Ioana Coman

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Side Effects ◽

Vaccination Campaign ◽

Online Communication ◽

Health Belief ◽

Health Campaigns ◽

Ministry Of Health ◽

Vaccination Rates ◽

Work Related ◽

Belief Model

With 675 confirmed cases of measles in Romania in September 2016, the Ministry of Health launched the online campaign called ‘Vaccines Save Lives’. This study seeks to apply the Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs to the online communication among the Romanian Ministry of Health and online users throughout this vaccination campaign. Using a mixed-method approach, we demonstrate how cluster analysis can help in visualizing the overall relationship among codes (HBM constructs) in the thematic interpretation related to vaccination. Results of the cluster analysis show that the Romanian Ministry of Health used three main themes (shaping credibility, reality versus conspiracy, and unbiased information). Focusing on the diseases that vaccinations could prevent, the Romanian authority also addressed the issues related to conspiracy theory, the possible side effects, and collateral victims if parents refuse to vaccinate their children. The online users’ comments were structured on two themes: multi-faceted reluctance and vaccination gain. Despite the anti-vaccination comments and anti-work-related content directed toward the campaign and the Ministry of Health, there were pro-vaccination comments in which online users encouraged parents to report cases of side effects and accused them of using their personal stories to provoke vaccination hesitancy. These findings may provide important information to (inter)national communication practitioners who design and implement health campaigns to increase vaccination rates.

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Differentiated Government Control for Conformity: Government-NGO Relations in China

The China Nonprofit Review ◽

10.1163/18765149-12341376 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 181-212

Author(s):

Qun Wang

Keyword(s):

Mission Statement ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Mission Statements ◽

Harmonious Society ◽

Institutional Constraints ◽

Chinese Government ◽

Socioeconomic Conditions ◽

Government Control ◽

Logistic Regression Method ◽

The Government

Abstract This study examines differentiated government control over foundations in China. The distinct patterns of “Harmonious Society” and “obeying the law” in foundation mission statements indicate a two-dimensional control mechanism in which the government intends to seek functional conformity and behavioral conformity from foundations. Using the multinomial logistic regression method on the mission statement of 2,498 foundations from 2004 to 2013, this article finds that foundations’ funding-sufficiency leads to the government’s strong intention for functional conformity and weak intention for behavioral conformity. The article implies that the Chinese government has eased some institutional constraints on foundations for the purpose of seeking financial contributions from foundations. It suggests that the Chinese government can adapt to the socioeconomic conditions and calculate its relations with nongovernmental organizations.

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Persepsi Orang Tua terhadap Pemberian Imunisasi MR pada Anak Sekolah Dasar Berbasis Agama

JURNAL PROMOSI KESEHATAN INDONESIA ◽

10.14710/jpki.14.2.81-91 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 81

Author(s):

Muhammad Harli ◽

Bagoes Widjanarko ◽

Farid Agushybana

Keyword(s):

Elementary School ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Health Belief ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

High Rate ◽

School Students ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Government ◽

Belief Model

Background: MR immunization campaign is a national strategy to eliminate measles and rubella in 2020. Musi Rawas district have experienced clinical measles outbreaks in the last 3 years. There were many rejections happened during MR mass immunization implementation. Megang Sakti Subdistrict is one of the sub-district with high rate of rejection from parents of the students at religious-based elementary school. This research aims to identify parents’ perceptions on MR immunization program for elementary school students based on health belief model theory.Method: This study employs quantitative research with cross sectional approach. The subject of the study were 100 parents of the grade 1-6 students at religious-based elementary school at Megang Sakti sub-district. The sample was selected using simple random sampling. Structured questionnaires were used that have been validated in other subdistrict priorly. Data was analysed by using univariate, Chi-Square and multiple logistic regression for analysis.Results: The results show that 21% of parents have rejected their children to be immunized MR (Measles Rubella). Perceived susceptibility and severity variables have not significantly associated to parent’s rejection. However, perceived benefits and barriers have significantly influenced to the rejection. The biggest barrier in immunizing MR for their children was the parent’s believed that the immunization vaccine substances were not halal refers to Islamic rules. The study suggests that the government should provide comprehensive information related to vaccines’ substances so that people do not hesitate to receive immunization of their children.

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Reuse of face masks among adults in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11346-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Linda Yin-king Lee ◽

Issac Chun-wing Chan ◽

Owen Pak-man Wong ◽

Yaki Hoi-ying Ng ◽

Crystal Kit-ying Ng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Health Beliefs ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Health Belief ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Crisis ◽

The Difference ◽

The Government ◽

Belief Model ◽

The Health Belief Model

Abstract Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, over 99% of adults in Hong Kong use face masks in public. With the limited supply of face masks in the market and the uncertainty about the future development of COVID-19, reusing face masks is a legitimate way to reduce usage. Although this practice is not recommended, reusing face masks is common in Hong Kong. This study aimed to examine the practice of reusing face masks among adults in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with their health beliefs toward this health crisis. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. A quota sample of 1000 adults was recruited in Hong Kong in April 2020. Guided by the Health Belief Model, the subjects were invited to answer questions on their practice of reusing face masks and health beliefs toward COVID-19 through telephone interview. Their practice on reuse, storage, and decontamination of used face masks were summarized by descriptive statistics. The difference in health beliefs between the subjects who reused and did not reuse face masks was examined by conducting an independent t test. The association between health beliefs and reuse of face masks was determined by conducting a logistic regression analysis. Results One-third (n = 345, 35.4%) of the subjects reused face masks in an average of 2.5 days. Among them, 207 subjects stored and 115 subjects decontaminated their used face masks by using various methods. The subjects who reused face masks significantly perceived having inadequate face masks (t = 3.905; p < 0.001). Having a higher level of perception of having inadequate face masks increased the likelihood of reusing face masks (OR = 0.784; CI 95%: 0.659–0.934; p = 0.006). Conclusion Despite having 90 face masks in stock, the adults who reused face masks significantly perceived that they had inadequate face masks. Concerted effort of health care professionals, community organizations, and the government will improve individuals’ practice in use of face masks and alleviate their actual and perceived feeling of having inadequate face masks, which lead them to reuse.

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EFEKTIFITAS PENERAPAN HEALTH BELIEF MODELTERHADAP PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT (PHBS)

Journal of Holistic Nursing Science ◽

10.31603/nursing.v5i2.2447 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 88-105

Author(s):

Priyo Priyo ◽

Sigit Priyanto

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Health Belief Model ◽

Health Workers ◽

Health Belief ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Test Analysis ◽

Post Test ◽

The Government ◽

Belief Model ◽

And Behavior

The degree of human health can be influenced by behavior. This behavior factor still becomes a health problem in Indonesia. Unhealthy behavior causes various kinds of infectious diseases and non-infectious diseases. Various efforts to change the behavior of people who do not know, do not want to, and cannot afford it, have been carried out t by the government. However, Clean and Healthy Behavior is still a concern and not optimal yet. Health Belief Model (HBM) is applied as a model in efforts to overcome PHBS. The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of the application of Health Belief Model to PHBS. This research is a quasy experiment with the design of one group pre-post test design. The population in this study was 40 respondents. The method of sampling used was purposive sampling method. The treatment was carried out once per week for 3 weeks. The results showed a difference in the effect of Health Belief Model (HBM) on Clean and Healthy Life Behavior (PHBS). The results of the Wilcoxon test analysis for 3 interventions in 3 weeks showed: the knowledge of PHBS (p ^ 0.00), the attitude of PHBS (0.01) and PHBS Behavior (p ^ 0.00), which means there are differences in the effect of changes in knowledge, attitudes and behavior of PHBS after HBM intervention. Health workers, especially nurses, are expected to make HBM as an effort to promote health and change hygienic and healthy living behavior in families or communities.

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Trust and transparency in times of crisis: Results from an online survey during the first wave (April 2020) of the COVID-19 epidemic in the UK

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0239247 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. e0239247

Author(s):

Luisa Enria ◽

Naomi Waterlow ◽

Nina Trivedy Rogers ◽

Hannah Brindle ◽

Sham Lal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Online Survey ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Positive Opinion ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Demographic Groups ◽

Government Transparency ◽

Decision Making Processes ◽

The Government ◽

The Uk

Background The success of a government’s COVID-19 control strategy relies on public trust and broad acceptance of response measures. We investigated public perceptions of the UK government’s COVID-19 response, focusing on the relationship between trust and perceived transparency, during the first wave (April 2020) of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. Methods Anonymous survey data were collected (2020-04-06 to 2020-04-22) from 9,322 respondents, aged 20+ using an online questionnaire shared primarily through Facebook. We took an embedded-mixed-methods approach to data analysis. Missing data were imputed via multiple imputation. Binomial & multinomial logistic regression were used to detect associations between demographic characteristics and perceptions or opinions of the UK government’s response to COVID-19. Structural topic modelling (STM), qualitative thematic coding of sub-sets of responses were then used to perform a thematic analysis of topics that were of interest to key demographic groups. Results Most respondents (95.1%) supported government enforcement of behaviour change. While 52.1% of respondents thought the government was making good decisions, differences were apparent across demographic groups, for example respondents from Scotland had lower odds of responding positively than respondents in London. Higher educational levels saw decreasing odds of having a positive opinion of the government response and decreasing household income associated with decreasing positive opinion. Of respondents who thought the government was not making good decisions 60% believed the economy was being prioritised over people and their health. Positive views on government decision-making were associated with positive views on government transparency about the COVID-19 response. Qualitative analysis about perceptions of government transparency highlighted five key themes: (1) the justification of opacity due to the condition of crisis, (2) generalised mistrust of politics, (3) concerns about the role of scientific evidence, (4) quality of government communication and (5) questions about political decision-making processes. Conclusion Our study suggests that trust is not homogenous across communities, and that generalised mistrust, concerns about the transparent use and communication of evidence and insights into decision-making processes can affect perceptions of the government’s pandemic response. We recommend targeted community engagement, tailored to the experiences of different groups and a new focus on accountability and openness around how decisions are made in the response to the UK COVID-19 pandemic.

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Beliefs and attitudes towards the influenza vaccine in high-risk individuals

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268817000814 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 145 (9) ◽

pp. 1786-1796 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

A. J. SANTOS ◽

I. KISLAYA ◽

A. MACHADO ◽

B. NUNES

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Influenza Infection ◽

Health Belief ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Healthy Person ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Using Data ◽

Health Complications ◽

Belief Model ◽

Beliefs And Attitudes

SUMMARYSocietal and economic impact of influenza is mainly due to influenza infection of specific groups, who are at higher risk of health complications leading up to hospitalisation or death. In this study we applied the health belief model (HBM) to evaluate beliefs and attitudes towards influenza disease and vaccine in community-dwelling high-risk individuals (aged 65 or more or having a chronic disease). We conducted a mixed-method study using data collected through a telephone survey of a household unit sample. We used thematic analysis to map responses to HBM dimensions and Poisson regression to model vaccine non-uptake prevalence. The main self-reported reason not to take the vaccine referred to the susceptibility dimension: ‘considering oneself to be a healthy person’ (29·8%, (95% confidence interval (CI) 22·1–38·7)). Bad experiences after vaccination – barriers dimension – were also commonly reported (17·0%, (95% CI 10·8–23·8)). Vaccine non-uptake prevalence was 22% higher in those who did not consider themselves susceptible to contract flu (Prevalence Ratio (PR) = 1·22, (95% CI 1·0–1·5)) and 18% lower in those who did not consider that the vaccine causes flu symptoms (PR = 0·82, (95% CI 0·68–0·99)). Results suggest that high-risk individuals do not think of themselves susceptible to influenza infection and fear adverse events following immunisation.

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